Changes in gap junction proteins Connexin30. 2 and Connexin40 expression in the sinoatrial node of rats with dexmedetomidine-induced sinus bradycardia

Abstract Background Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is widely used, and its most common side effect is bradycardia. The complete mechanism through which Dex induces bradycardia has not been elucidated. This research investigates the expression of gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 (Cx30.2) and Connexin40 (Cx40) within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Methods Eighty rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Saline was administered to rats in Group C. In the other four groups, the rats were administered Dex to induce bradycardia. In groups D1and D2, the rats were administered Dex at a loading dose of 30 μg.kg−1 and 100 μg.kg−1 for 10 min, then at 15 μg.kg−1.h−1 and 50 μg.kg−1.h−1 for 120 min separately. The rats in group D1A and D2A were administered Dex in the same way as in group D1and D2; however, immediately after the administration of the loading dose, 0.5 mg atropine was administered intravenously, and then at 0.5 mg.kg−1.h−1 for 120 min. The sinoatrial node was acquired after intravenous infusion was completed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed to measure mRNA and protein expression of Cx30.2 and Cx40, respectively. Results The expression of Cx30.2 increased, whereas the expression of Cx40 decreased within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Atropine reversed the effects of Dex on the expression of gap junction proteins. Conclusion Dex possibly altered the expression of gap junction proteins to slow down cardiac conduction velocity in the sinoatrial node.

Novel compound FLZ alleviates rotenone-induced PD mouse model by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, but none of the current treatments for PD can halt the progress of the disease due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis. In PD development, the communication between the brain and the gastrointestinal system influenced by gut microbiota is known as microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the explicit mechanisms of microbiota dysbiosis in PD development have not been well elucidated yet. FLZ, a novel squamosamide derivative, has been proved to be effective in many PD models and is undergoing the phase I clinical trial to treat PD in China. Moreover, our previous pharmacokinetic study revealed that gut microbiota could regulate the absorption of FLZ

Mu-opioid receptors in the paraventricular nucleus regulate ejaculatory behaviors via the sympathetic nerve system in male rats / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the effects of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the ejaculatory behaviors of male rats and its potential mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Male SD rats with normal ejaculation ability were mated with female ones in hormone-induced estrus. After bilateral PVN microinjection of D-Ala-2-Me-Phe-4-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAGO) or D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) with an inserted catheter, the male animals were observed for mount latency (ML), mount frequency (MF), intromission latency (IL), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation latency (EL), ejaculation frequency (EF), post-ejaculation interval (PEI), and intromission ratio (IR). The lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) of the rats was recorded using the PowerLab data acquisition hardware device, and the levels of norepinephrine (NE) in the peripheral plasma were measured by ELISA following microinjection of saline or different doses of DAGO or CTAP.@*RESULTS@#Neither CTAP nor DGAO significantly affected the ML of the male rats (P > 0.05). DGAO remarkably increased IF (P < 0.01) and MF (P < 0.01), prolonged IL (P < 0.01), EL (P < 0.01) and PEI (P < 0.01), and reduced EF (P <0.01) and IR (P < 0.05). On the contrary, CTAP markedly decreased IF (P < 0.01) and MF (P < 0.01), shortened IL (P < 0.01), EL (P < 0.01) and PFI (P < 0.01), and elevated EF (P < 0.01) and IR (P < 0.01). Additionally, DAGO decreased LSNA in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the NE level in the peripheral plasma. CTAP, however, not only offset the effects of DAGO on LSNA, but also significantly increased LSNA.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MOR in PVN inhibits ejaculatory behaviors in male rats by weakening LSNA, which has provided some theoretical evidence for the use of highly selective opioids in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Comparative Study on the Collection of Nervous System Medicines in Essential Medicine List of WHO and China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To o ptimize the t ype of nervous system medicines in National Essential Medicine List of China. METHODS：Various editions of WHO Essential Medicine Model List （WHO EML ）were consulted ，the collection of nervous system medicines was analyzed statistically ，and 2017 edition of WHO EML was compared with 2018 edition of National Essential Medicine List of China （NEML）. RESULTS ：During 1977-2017，the total number of nervous system medicines and disease coverage included in each edition of WHO EML had little change. Compared with 2017 edition of WHO EML ，2018 edition of NEML contained more medicines for nervous system disease （54 medicines vs. 30 medicines），and covered more disease types ， such as dementia （huperzine A ）and neuralgia （pregabalin），etc. However ，for the treatment of multiple sclerosis ，neuralgia， dementia and other diseases ，there were not many medicines to choose ，and some similar medicines （with the same or similar mechanism of action ）were collected repeatedly and some medicines had serious adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS ：It is suggested that National Essential Medicine List should be continuously optimized and perfected ，the varieties of essential medicines for the treatment of nervous system diseases should be increased appropriately ，for improving the treatment effect of such diseases and reducing the cost burden of patients.

On the shoulders of giants: the case of the Claude Bernard Horner syndrome

The syndrome called mainly in the French world as Claude Bernard Horner was frst described by Francois Pourfour du Petit, in 1727, but more thoroughly defned by the French physiologist, Claude Bernard, in 1852, followed by several physicians who offered different interpretations, mainly Silas Weir Mitchell (1864). The clinical and pharmacological implications, with the fnal wrap-up of the syndrome, were presented by a Swiss ophthalmologist, Johann Friedrich Horner, in 1869. This is a cooperative defnition of a syndrome of the sympathetic disruption of the ocular inervation, with fnal addings mainly about pharmacological approach by Horner, but with credits to many others clinicians and physiologists. This is the case of repeated presentations of a "new sign" in neurology with few additions from one to another.

A síndrome chamada principalmente no mundo francês como Claude Bernard Horner foi descrita pela primeira vez por François Pourfour du Petit, em 1727, mas mais profundamente defnida pelo fsiologista francês, Claude Bernard, em 1852, seguido por vários médicos que ofereceram interpretações diferentes, principalmente Silas Weir Mitchell (1864). As implicações clínicas e farmacológicas, com o desfecho fnal da síndrome, foram apresentadas por um oftalmologista suíço, Johann Friedrich Horner, em 1869. Esta é uma defnição cooperativa de uma síndrome da ruptura da inervação simpática ocular, com adições fnais principalmente sobre a abordagem farmacológica por Horner, mas com créditos para muitos outros médicos e fsiologistas. É o caso de repetidas apresentações de um "novo sinal" na neurologia, com poucas adições de um para o outro.

From the "small doll" until "prostitute's pupil" through Argyll Robertson: the Argyll Robertson's sign, one hundred fifty years from his findings (1869) / Da "pequena boneca" até "pupila da prostituta" através de Argyll Robertson: o sinal de Argyll Robertson, cento e cinquenta anos de seus achados (1869)

A tiny structure, the pupil, attracts too much attention, since the antiquity. The pupil as part of the "'window of/to the soul", the eyes, it can demonstrate a clinical disorder sign, or simply a psychological expression. In this paper, it is studied the situation in which the pupillary reflex to light is compromised, but the accommodation reflex is preserved, what is named after Argyll Robertson, the frst Scottish ophthalmologist, who besides described the signal (1869), he also tried to defned its clinical signifcance. Afterwards, it was clearly demonstrated its relationship with tertiary neurosyphilis.

Uma estrutura minúscula, a pupila, atrai muita atenção, desde a antiguidade. A pupila como parte da "'janela da alma'", os olhos, poderia demonstrar um sinal de desordem clínica, ou, simplesmente, uma expressão psicológica. Neste trabalho, estuda-se a situação em que o reflexo pupilar à luz é comprometido, mas o reflexo de acomodação é preservado, o que leva o nome de Argyll Robertson, o primeiro oftalmologista escocês que além de descrever o sinal (1869), também tentou defniu seu signifcado clínico. Posteriormente, foi claramente demonstrada sua relação com a neurossíflis terciária.

Clinical features of central nerve system inflammatory demyelinating diseases associated with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To describe the clinical manifestations of central nerve system inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IDD) in children, and to explore the clinical characteristics of the children.@*Methods@#The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients diagnosed in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2016 to August 2018 were described, and the clinical data of the patients with unipolar and recurrent diseases were compared.@*Results@#A total of 50 patients were included, among whom the ratio of male to female was 24:26, and the average age of onset was (6.7±3.1) years old (0.4-12.6 years old). There was no significant difference in the age of onset between boys and girls(t=0.712, P=0.480). The main symptoms included fever (31/50 cases), encephalopathy (26/50 cases) and optic neuritis (22/50 cases), etc.In the last follow-up, 26 patients (52.0%) had a monophasic course and 24 patients (48.0%) had a recurrent course.There were age differences in encephalopathy and ataxia in the first episode of [(5.7±2.8) years old vs.(8.1±3.0) years old, (5.0±2.5) years old vs. (7.7±3.0) years old](t=2.746, P=0.009; t=2.837, P=0.007). The average number of recurrence was (2.1±1.4) times (1-7 times), in which 17 cases (70.8%) of recurrence presented within 12 months and 20 cases (83.3%) of recurrence presented within 24 months after onset.Convulsion incidences of recurrent cases were 10 cases and 13 cases respectively in the first episode and recurrent courses, which were significantly higher than those of monophasic cases (4 cases, 4 cases)(χ2=7.912, P=0.005; χ2=8.365, P=0.004). All patients were sensitive to first-line immunotherapy.Seven patients with recu-rrence were treated with mycophenolatemofetil, and 17 patients with repeated first-line therapy.In the last follow-up, all patients were in remission and 2 patients had mild neurological dysfunction.@*Conclusions@#MOG-IDD can occur in childhood.Encephalopathy and optic neuritis are the most common symptoms.Encephalopathy and ataxia are more common in young children.Convulsions may indicate the course of recurrence.

Research progress of gut microbiota in substance dependence / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Substance dependence is a pervasive worldwide problem, of which the mechanism remains unclear, and there is no effective intervention. In recent years, it has been showed that the gut microbiota is closely related to substance dependence. As discussed in this review, gut microbiota is significantly affected by the substances of abuse, and may serve as an important regulator in the development of substance dependence. This article reviews the research progress of gut microbiota in the most widely used substances, in order to provide ideas for future studies on underlying mechanisms and further interventions in substance dependence.

α7nAchR in dexmedetomidine coordinate with mlelatonin attenuate delirium in rats / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To observe dexmedetomidine coordinate with mlelatonin attenuate the scopolamine-induced delirium in rats and its mechanism.Methods Thirty male adult SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into six groups:normal saline control group (group C),scopolamine-induced delirious model group (group S),dexmedetomidine group (group D),mlelaton group (group M),α-bungarotoxin antagonism group (group BM),joint protection group (group DM).A model of delirium was reproduced by intraperitoneal inj ection of scopolamine 1.8 mg/kg.The rats in group C was given equal sterile normal saline instead,the rats in group D was intraperitoneal injected of dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg 15 minutes before scopolamine injection,the rats in group M was intrap-eritoneal injected of mlelaton 5 mg/kg in the contralateral abdominal at the same time with scopolamine injection,the rats in group BM was intraperitoneal injected ofα-BGT 1 μg/kg 15 minutes before scopolamine injection and mlelaton 5 mg/kg in the contralateral abdominal at the same time with scopolamine injection,the rats in group DM was intraperitoneal injected of dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg 15 minutes before scopolamine injection and mlelaton 5 mg/kg in the contralateral abdominal at the same time with scopolamine injection.The rats were assigned for open field test 15 minutes before and 10 minutes after model reproduction for 15 minutes.The level ofα7nAchR in serum was deter-mined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results When compared with group C,rats in group S ran significant longer total distance and space distance,had faster total speed and space speed (P<0.05).When compared with group S,rats in group D,group M,group DM ran significant shorter total distance and space distance,had significant slower total speed and space speed (P<0.01 );when compared with group D,rats in group DM ran significant shorter total distance and space dis- tance (P<0.05 ),had slower total speed and space speed,however without significant statistical difference.When compared with that in group C,the level of α7nAChR in serum were significantly decreased in group S (P<0.05).When compared with group S,the level of α7nAChR were signifi-cantly increased in group D (P<0.01).There were no significant difference between group M and group S (P=0.96).When compared with group D,the level of α7nAChR had an elevated trend in group DM.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can improve the symptoms of delirium,possibly by in-creasing the activity of alpha 7nAChR.Melatonin may improve the effect of dextromidine on delirium.

The abnormalities demonstrated by spine MRI indicate the possibility of etiology for refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in female patients / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To approach the spine MRI features and its possibility of etiology for refractory lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) in female patients.Methods We conducted prospectively a cross sectional description study of female patients with refractory LUTS during January 16 through March 27 in 2017 based on a urologist's outpatient work.The including criteria were adult female patients with refractory LUTS which defined as having LUTS more than three months and having poor response to behavior therapy and medication treatment.The excluding criteria were patients having evidence of infection,tumor,stone in urinary tract,any central nerve system diseases,or any other diseases may potentially producing LUTS.Data collected included patients demographic information,main complains,present disease features,disease history,physical examination,urine routine,urodynamic study and spine MRI.The characteristics of clinical manifestation,urodynamic study and spine MRI were analyzed.Results During the time span of study,totally 70 cases had been diagnosed as having refractory LUTS and had qualified data of clinical recordings,urodynamic study and spine MRI.Among these 70 cases,63 (90.9％) had storage phase symptoms,11 (15.7％) had voiding phase symptoms,8 (11.4％) had postmicturition symptoms,12 (17.1％) also had disorders in defecating,45 (64.3％) had pain in lower abdomen or pelvic region.69 cases (98.6％) had urodynamic disorders,33 (47.1％) had oversensitivity of bladder,12 (17.1％) had smaller bladder volume,16(22.9％) had detrusor overactivity,15 (21.4％) had bladder outlet obstruction,39(55.7％) had detrusor underactivity.69 cases(98.6％)had spine MRI abnormalities,54(77.1％) had sacral nerve lesions,49 (70.0％) had cervical lesions,48 (68.6％) had lumbar lesions,4 had thorathic lesions.Conclusions The present study revealed extraordinary high prevalence of abnormality in urodynamic parameters and spine MRI in female patients with refractory LUTS,which implies possibility that the refractory LUTS are caused by lesions in spinal nerve system.

Clinical analysis of the neurological involvement in primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary Sj(o)gren's syndrom (pSS) with neurological involvement.Methods One hundred and forty eight patients fulfilling the 2002 American-European pSS classification criteria were retrospectively analyzed.Neurological manifestations were diagnosed based on the clinical,biological,electrophysiological,and imaging findings.Biographical,clinical,and laboratory data were compared between patients with and without neurological manifestations.Statistical methods used were Mann-Whitney U test,Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability.Results The prevalence of neurological involvement in pSS was 20.3％ (30/148),and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy,the central neuropathy and combination of the central neuropathy with peripheral neuropathy were 10.1％(15/148),9.5％(14/148) and 0.7％(1/148),respectively.The clinical spectrum of peripheral neuropathies encountered in Sj(o)gren's syndrome (SS) patients varied,with the pure sensory neuropathies being the most common,followed by sensorimotor neurophathies.Motor neuron disease was the most common type of central neurophathies.Compared with those without neurological manifestations,the duration of peripheral nerve system/central nerve system (PNS/CNS)-pSS patients was relatively short [(55±76) months vs (100±108) months,Z=-2.682,P＜0.05],and the antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer and RF titer were lower [(234±248) vs (377±339),Z=-2.008,P＜0.05;(126±279) U/ml vs (359±1 445) U/ml,Z=-2.243,P＜0.05].In PNS/CNS-pSS patients,the most common clinical manifestations included numbness (50％),pain (23％),and muscle weakness (63％).Conclusion The prevalence of neurological involvement in pSS is high.The duration is relatively short and the disease activity is high,but the disease features are atypical and may be neglected by rheumatologists.

The correlation between the apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphisms and sepsis in children / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the correlation between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic polymorphisms and sepsis in Chinese children.Methods The inpatients suffered with sepsis were enrolled as septic group and the healthy children from child health division were enrolled as control group.The study of APOE genotypes were carried out by polymerase chain reactions followed a high-resolution melting curve analysis.SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the age between the groups.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using the Pearson x2-test.The x2-test was used to compare gender and the genotype distribution between the groups.The odd ratio (OR) was calculated together with its 95％ confidence interval (CI).Potential confounding effects of variables were corrected using a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model.All statistical tests were two-sided and P ＜ 0.05 indicates statistically significance.Results Among a total of 285 children collected from March 2011 to June 2012,there were 88 patients with sepsis and 197 healthy children.In the septic group,15 septic patients were complicated with central nervous system infection.Four apolipoprotein E genotypes were identified to be ε3/ε3,ε2/ε3,ε3/ε4,and ε2/ε4.The percentage of each genotype found in patients of the septic group and the control group was 64.4％ vs.73.1％ (ε3/ε3);16.8％ vs.10.7％ (ε2/ε3);18.8％ vs.14.7％ (ε3/ε4);0％ vs.1.5％ (ε2/ε4),respectively.The number of patients with the genotype ε3/ε3 among septic patients was significantly lower than that among the control individuals (P =0.047,1-β =0.334,OR =0.585,adjusted OR =0.559).The number of patients with the genotype ε3/ε3 among the septic patients with central nervous system infection was 33.3％,which was also significantly lower than that among the septic patients without CNS infection (67.1％).(P =0.014,1-β5 =0.685,OR =0.245,adjusted OR =0.275).Conclusions Apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphisms were associated with the occurrence of sepsis and central nervous system complications in children.The susceptibility of children with genotype ε3/ε3 to sepsis and central nerve system infection complications is significantly lower than that of children with other genotypes.

Correlation Study Between Synchronic Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure Variability and Blood Vessel Damage in Patients With Essential Hypertension / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and autonomic nerve function, blood vessel damage in patients with essential hypertension (EH) via synchronous monitoring. Methods: A total of 275 EH patients admitted to our hospital from 2011-04 to 2014-01 were enrolled. The vascular function was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). Based on PWV, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Normal PWV group (PWV<9m/s),n=185 and High PWV group (PWV≥9m/s),n=90. Synchronic 24h dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter) and 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were performed in all patients. t-test, chi-square test, person liner correlation study and multi stepwise regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationship between HRV, PBV and PWV. Results: HRV and BPV in High PWV group had been changed unusually. Compared with Normal PWV group, High PWV group showed decreased standard deviation of the average of all normal-to-normal intervals in all 5-minute intervals (SDANN) (159.66±66.50) ms vs (194.36±119.29) ms and increased 24 h systolic blood pressure standard deviation (24h SSD) (14.40±3.65) mmHg vs (12.98±3.46) mmHg, all P<0.01; increased new index of night/day HR ratio (0.90±0.08) vs (0.87±0.06), P<0.01 and it had liner correlation to PWV (r=0.169, P=0.005). Multi stepwise liner regression analysis indicated that 24hSSD and HRV at low frequency (LF) portion had obvious and independent correlation to PWV (standard β value=0.352 and 0.212 respectively). Conclusion: ① EP patients were with decreased HRV (SDANN), increased BPV (24h SSD) and the higher incidence of arteriosclerosis; 24h SSD and HRV at LF portion were the most 2 important risk factors affecting PWV. ②Autonomic nerve dysfunction, vagus nerve over-excitatory were the independent risk factors for promoting the occurrence and development of arteriosclerosis in EH patients. ③Night/day HR ratio as a sensitive index for examining autonomic nerve function was independently related to hypertensive vessel damage. Synchronic monitoring of HRV and BPV is helpful to identify blood vessel damage in EH patients.

Retrospective canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors data with emphasis on histologic, immunohistochemical and prognostic factors / Dados retrospectivos de tumores de bainha de nervo periférico na pele de cães com ênfase a fatores histológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e prognósticos

In this retrospective study was determined the frequency of canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) in cases diagnosed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brazil, between the years 2000 and 2012. The canine profiles, as well as histological, immunohistochemical and prognostic aspects of the tumors were based on 70 samples, comprising 40 females, 29 males and one unspecified sample. Between 2000 and 2012, 2,984 skin tumors of dogs were diagnosed in the SPV-UFRGS, totaling 2.34% of skin neoplasms in dogs. Animals that comprised the largest amount of samples (43%) were those with no breed (SRD), followed by German Shepherds (10%). Females were more affected than males (40/70 - 57% and 29/70 - 41% respectively). Skin PNST of this research showed predominant localization on the limbs (40% in the forelimbs and 29% in the hindlimbs); affecting adult dogs, mostly aged between 8 and 11 years (54%). The samples were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin, and were also evaluated by toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) anti-vimentin, -S-100, -GFAP, -actin, von Willebrand factor and neurofilament. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic index, intratumoral necrosis, invasion of adjacent tissues, tumor location, local recurrence and metastasis were related to the diagnosis of benign (49/70) or malignant tumor (21/70). The Antoni A histological pattern was observed more frequently in benign tumors. The immunohistochemistry helped to diagnose PNST, and anti-vimentin and anti-protein S-100 showed the highest rates of immunostaining. Throughout statistical analysis of animals with tumor recurrence, it was found that the chance of an animal with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor to develop recurrence is 4.61 times higher than in an animal that had a benign tumor...

Neste estudo retrospectivo foi determinada a frequência dos tumores de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP) na pele de cães diagnosticados pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2012. O histórico dos cães, assim como a histologia, a imuno-histoquímica e o prognóstico em relação aos tumores foram baseados em 70 amostras histológicas, correspondendo a 40 fêmeas (57%), 29 machos (41%) e uma amostra sem a informação do sexo. De 2000 a 2012, foram diagnosticados 2984 tumores de pele de cães pelo SPV-UFRGS, totalizando 2,34% das neoplasias em cães. A maior parte das amostras (43%) foi proveniente de animais sem raça definida (SRD), seguidos pelos da raça Pastor Alemão (10%). A localização predominante dos TBNP desta pesquisa ocorreu em membros (40% em membro tóracico e 29% em membro pélvico), afetando principalmente cães de oito a 11 anos idade (54%). As amostras foram processadas rotineiramente para coloração de Hematoxilina e eosina, e foram realizadas as colorações de azul de toluidina e tricrômio de Masson, assim como realizada imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-vimentina, -S-100, -GFAP, -actina, von Willbrand e neurofilamento. Os fatores anisocitose e anisocariose, índice mitótico, necrose intratumoral, invasão tumoral em tecidos adjacentes, localização tumoral, local de recorrência e metástase foram relacionados com o diagnóstico de benignidade (49/70) ou malignidade (21/70). O padrão histológico de Antoni A foi observado com mais frequência em tumores benignos. A IHQ auxiliou no diagnóstico dos TBNP, com maiores índices de imunomarcação anti-vimentina e S-100. A análise estatística das amostras de animais que apresentaram recidiva tumoral evidenciou que a chance de um animal com tumor de bainha de nervo periférico maligno desenvolver recidiva é 4,61 vezes maior do que em animais que apresentam tumor benigno...

Another Understanding for Effects of Physical Stimuli on Modification of Autonomic Nerve System by Two Kinds of Stimuli on Feet / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Background: In one series of studies, we observed the effects of acupuncture treatment (AT) on the autonomic nerve system (ANS). We experimented from various view-points. At last, we discovered a specific pattern for modifying ANS status, which showed that functions of the parasympathetic nerve increased while those of the sympathetic nerve decreased. To further study systematic modification of ANS balance, we focused on the lower body (feet). Moreover, two kinds of stimuli, tapping and vibration, were applied while measuring the value of finger floor distance (FFD) and heart rate (HR). Finally, the effects on ANS were discussed. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study, and they were divided into two groups; the tapping group and the vibration group. The former received 50 taps on the feet, and the latter received vibrations for two minutes. In order to indicate ANS status the effects of these stimuli were evaluated by FFD values and a kinetic record of changes in HR. Results: Both groups showed improvement in FFD values, which was the same as the results for AT via modification of ANS. However, changes in HR showed a different pattern from AT; in this study sympathetic nerve) dominantly showed an increase without a decrease in parasympathetic nerve. Discussion and Conclusions: The reasons for differences in ANS modification may be found in the role, especially in an emergency, of the lower body. The lower body is heavy in skeletal muscles, which needs energy and blood to react during acute stress. The ANS, which controls blood distribution, may shift and concentrate system blood from the smooth muscles of the stomach (controlled by parasympathetic nerve) to the skeletal muscles of the legs and feet (controlled by sympathetic nerve). Thus, this study indicated that local stimuli of the foot induced systematic ANS modification.

β-adrenoceptor activation induces the apoptosis of human mesangial cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) activation on the apoptosis in human mesangial cells and it's mechanism.Methods Cultured HMC were used in experiments and were divied into four groups:the control group; β-AR activation (β-AR agonist NE/Pra) group; β-AR inhibitor (Prop) group; antioxidants group.The experiments technology including PCR,confocal scanning microscope,immunofluorescence and Tunel.Results The results of RTPCR and confocal scanning microscope showed that β1-AR and β2-AR were expressed in human HMC.β-AR activation induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in human MCs,the relative levels of ROS were elevated as early as 0.5 h after β-AR activation,and gradually increased and peaked at 4 h on a concentration and time dependent manner.Tunel results demonstrated that β-AR activation induced apoptosis with ROS on a concentration and time dependent manner,β-AR blocking agent-propranolol significantly inhibited β-AR activation induced apoptosis.Antioxidants including vitamin C and NAC could inhibited β-AR activation induced apoptosis (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions β-AR is functionally expressed in human mesangial cell,furthermore β-AR activation-induced ROS increase mediate apoptosis.Antioxidants can inhibit β-AR activation induced apoptosis.

Effect of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on the repair of nerve system injury / 中国生化药物杂志

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans ( CSPGs) is one kind of proteins that covalently bind with chondroitin sulfate.CSPGs play important roles in the growth and development of the central nervous system and the pathological reaction of nervous injury.This article reviews the functional and mechanism studies of CSPGs in the repair of nerve system injury.

Clinical analysis on 569 cases of hand, foot and mouth diseases complicated with nerve system damages / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) complicated with central nerve system infection,in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Total of 569 cases of HFMD complicated with central nerve system infection were enrolled.The results of pathogen detection and CSF examination were looked into,and epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.Results HFMD of the central nervous system infections increased year by year,endanger the children's life,pathogen detection showed positive for enterovirus type 71 (640/1077,59.4％) and coxsackie virus infection in group A (158/1077,14.7％) ; Clinical manifestation:hand,foot and mouth,hips were rash (100.0％),fever(546/569,95.9.％),temperature higher than 38.5 ℃ (74.7％,425/569),there were various signs and symptoms of nervous system damage,sleepiness (187/569,32.9％),limb jitter(347/569,60.1％),easily frightened (405/569,71.2％),irritability (130/569,22.8％),convulsions (2.4％,14/569),vomiting (67/569,11.8％),choking cough (2.8 ％,16/569),irregular breathing (0.5 ％,3/569) ; Laboratory examination:the central nervous system complications in different CFPro (P =0.992),CFWBC (P =0.994) and CRP (P =0.786),no statistical difference in such aspects of brain stem encephalitis group in CFP(P =0.001),PWBC (P =0.000) and BG (P =0.000),and the differences were statistically significant; Short-term,the combination of large dose of gamma globulin and methylprednisolone had definite efficacy.Conclusion HFMD complicated with central nervous system infections have some epidemiological and clinical characteristics,early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the incidence of severe cases and mortality.

Another Understanding for Effects of Physical Stimuli on Modification of Autonomic Nerve System by Two Kinds of Stimuli on Feet / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Background:</b> In one series of studies, we observed the effects of acupuncture treatment (AT) on the autonomic nerve system (ANS). We experimented from various view-points. At last, we discovered a specific pattern for modifying ANS status, which showed that functions of the parasympathetic nerve increased while those of the sympathetic nerve decreased. To further study systematic modification of ANS balance, we focused on the lower body (feet). Moreover, two kinds of stimuli, tapping and vibration, were applied while measuring the value of finger floor distance (FFD) and heart rate (HR). Finally, the effects on ANS were discussed.<BR><b>Methods:</b> Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study, and they were divided into two groups; the tapping group and the vibration group. The former received 50 taps on the feet, and the latter received vibrations for two minutes. In order to indicate ANS status the effects of these stimuli were evaluated by FFD values and a kinetic record of changes in HR.<BR><b>Results:</b> Both groups showed improvement in FFD values, which was the same as the results for AT via modification of ANS. However, changes in HR showed a different pattern from AT; in this study sympathetic nerve) dominantly showed an increase without a decrease in parasympathetic nerve.<BR><b>Discussion and Conclusions:</b> The reasons for differences in ANS modification may be found in the role, especially in an emergency, of the lower body. The lower body is heavy in skeletal muscles, which needs energy and blood to react during acute stress. The ANS, which controls blood distribution, may shift and concentrate system blood from the smooth muscles of the stomach (controlled by parasympathetic nerve) to the skeletal muscles of the legs and feet (controlled by sympathetic nerve). Thus, this study indicated that local stimuli of the foot induced systematic ANS modification.

Protective effect of peperphentonamine hydrochloride on the gentamicin-induced cochlear afferent nerve system damage of guinea pigs / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the protective effect of peperphentonamine hydrochloride (PPTA) on the cochlea afferent nerve system damage induced by gentamicin (GM) of guinea pigs. Methods Thirty-six health guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups:the normal group with saline; GM group with muscle injection of GM [100 mg/(kg·d),14 d] and PPTA group with peritoneal injection of PPTA [10 mg/(kg·d),14 d] on the ABR was analyzed , and the expression of Caspase-3 was tested by Western blot. TUNEL (after coloration)was performed to observe the apoptotic index,and its morphological changes were observed by TEM. Results After trial, the threshold of control group, GM group, PPTA group were 14.58 ± 1.16, 65.95 ± 1.17, 36.13 ± 1.17;the apoptosis index: 1.09 ± 0.14, 23.17 ± 0.88, 8.84 ± 0.49; the Caspase-3:1.09 ± 0.11, 2.55 ± 0.20, 1.67 ± 0.07. There were significantly difference among three groups (P<0.05). Morphological changes: cells apoptosis and the synapase were damaged seriously in GM group; the injury was less serious in PPTA group. Conclusion PPTA plays a protective role on GM-induced cochlea afferent nerve system damage of guinea pigs.