Epidemiological features and causation of COVID-19 in Northwest China / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To describe the epidemiological features of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Northwest China and discuss the causation of these features in order to provide reference for taking preventive measures in the future. 【Methods】 We collected the data of all confirmed COVID-19 cases from January 23, 2020 to March 17, 2020 released on the official website of the Health Commission of Northwest China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang). We analyzed the characteristics in time and space distribution, age and gender. 【Results】 Totally 548 cases of COVID-19 were reported in Northwest China. The cumulative incidence rate was 0.53 per 100 000 people. The curative rate was 97.4% and the case fatality rate was 1.5%. Capital cities of each province had a higher incidence rate than that of other regions. The proportion of local transmission increased with time. The male-to-female ratio in the confirmed cases was 1.11∶1. Most patients were aged 20 to 60 years old. At the early stage most cases were imported from Hubei Province and later the pattern became local transmission. The average time interval between disease onset and hospital visit was (2.6±3.2)d. The average time interval between hospital visit and case confirmation was (4.8±3.1)d. The average time interval between centralized isolation and case confirmation was (6.1±4.0)d. 【Conclusion】 The epidemiological features of COVID-19 cases, including the basic situation, gender and age distribution and patient behaviors, were reviewed and analyzed. COVID-19 was well controlled in Northwest China, which indicates that the current preventive measures were effective. They will provide reference for future prevention.

Diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps in pediatric patients in a northwest area of China / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the colon polyp in a northwest district of China. Methods 112 cases of patients from 1~18 years old, diagnosed with polyps by means of colonoscopies reference centers were followed-up from January 2015 to December 2016. The clinical variables evaluated in this study included: gender, age, symptoms, age at onset of symptoms, age at identification of the polyp, interval of time between the onset of symptoms and the endoscopic diagnosis of colonic polyps, and family history of colon polyp and/or colorectal cancer. The characteristics of the polyps also included: number, morphological type, diameter, histology, and distribution. The case records of these patients were reviewed. The demographics, clinical course, laboratory results, endoscopic and histopathological features, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results In the 112 patients, the median age was 6.9 years, of which 64.3% (72/112) were male. All the patient had the symptom of hematochezia and just a little of the patients have the symptoms of abdominal pain, prolapse of anal polyp and diarrhea. 9.8% (11/112) was mild anemia and the anemia patient all had the symptom of hematochezia of more than 6 months and have no connection with the polyp location. Juvenile polyps were identified in 91.9% (103/112) patients, inflammatory polyp were identified in 7.1% (8/112) and 0.9% (1/112) were identified with adenoma. 1.8% (2/112) of the patient had the family history of colorectal polyp. Conclusions The morbidity of colorectal polyp in children and adolescents in our region is high. The male was significantly more common seen than female. A little proportion of the patient had the family history of colorectal polyp. The hematochezia could be seen in all patients A little proportion of the patient was mild anemia and the anemia patient all had the symptom of hematochezia of more than 6 months. Mainly the polyp was located in the rectum and sigmoid. Juvenile polyps were the major pathologic type and then the inflammatory polyp and adenoma. The adenoma may located in other place than rectum and sigmoid.

Genetic Diversity of Echinococcus granulosus Genotype G1 in Xinjiang, Northwest of China

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by E. granulosus is a serious helminthic zoonosis in humans, livestock and wildlife. Xinjiang is one of high endemic province for CE in China. A total of 55 sheep and cattle livers containing echinococcal cysts were collected from slaughterhouses in Changji and Yining City, northern region of Xinjiang. PCR was employed for cloning 2 gene fragments, 12S rRNA and CO1 for analysis of phylogenetic diversity of E. granulosus. The results showed that all the samples collected were identified as G1 genotype of E. granulosus. Interestingly, YL5 and CJ75 strains were the older branches compared to those strains from France, Argentina, Australia. CO1 gene fragment showed 20 new genotype haploids and 5 new genotype haplogroups (H1-H5) by the analysis of Network 5.0 software, and the YLY17 strain was identified as the most ancestral haplotype. The major haplotypes, such as CJ75 and YL5 strains, showed identical to the isolates from Middle East. The international and domestic trade of livestock might contribute to the dispersal of different haplotypes for E. granulosus evolution.

The prevalence of glucose metabolism disturbances in Chinese Muslims and possible risk factors: a study from northwest China / Prevalência e possíveis fatores de risco de distúrbios no metabolismo da glicose em chineses muçulmanos: um estudo no noroeste da China

Objective To survey the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) in the Muslim population in northwest China, and discuss the risk factor. Materials and methods According to the income and the population, we randomly selected 3 villages with stratified and cluster sampling. The subjects were residents ≥ 20 years of age, and were from families which have been local for > 3 generations. The questionnaire and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were completed and analyzed for 660 subjects. Results The prevalence of DM and PDM between the Han and Muslim populations were different (P = 0.041). And the prevalence were also different with respect to age in the Han (P < 0.001) and Muslim population (P < 0.001) respectively. Except for the 20-year-old age group the prevalence of DM and PDM within the Muslim population was higher than the Han (P = 0.013), we did not find any significant difference for other age groups (P > 0.05). The intake of salt (P < 0.001) and edible oil (P < 0.001) in the Muslim population was higher than the Han, while cigarette smoking (P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) was lower. BMI (P < 0.001), age (P = 0.025), and smoking cigarettes (P = 0.011) were risk factors for DM and PDM, but alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) was a protective factor. Conclusions In northwest China, the prevalence of DM was higher in the Muslim population, and it was special higher on the 20-year-old age compared to the Han. This might be explained by the potential genetic differences and poor dietary habits. .

Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de diabetes melito (DM) e pré-diabetes melito (PDM) na população muçulmana no noroeste da China e discutir os fatores de risco. Materiais e métodos Selecionamos três vilarejos de acordo com a renda e a população, usando uma amostra estratificada e por cluster. Os sujeitos eram residentes com ≥ 20 anos de idade e de famílias que estavam no local há mais de três gerações. Foram feitos e analisados um questionário e o teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG) para 660 sujeitos. Resultados A prevalência do DM e PDM entre as populações Han e muçulmana foi diferente (P = 0,041), e as prevalências também foram diferentes com relação à idade na população Han (P < 0,001) e muçulmana (P < 0,001), respectivamente. Exceto pela faixa etária de 20 anos de idade, a prevalência do DM e PDM na população muçulmana foi maior do que na população Han (P = 0,013), não havendo diferenças significativas para as outras faixas etárias (P > 0,05). A ingestão de sal (P < 0,001) e óleos comestíveis (P < 0,001) na população muçulmana foi mais alta do que na população Han, enquanto o tabagismo (P < 0,001) e consumo de álcool (P < 0,001) foram mais baixos. O IMC (P < 0,001), a idade (P = 0,025) e o tabagismo (P = 0,011) foram fatores de risco para o DM e PDM, mas o consumo de álcool (P < 0,001) foi um fator protetor. Conclusões No noroeste da China, a prevalência de DM é maior na população muçulmana e é especialmente mais alta na faixa etária de 20 anos de idade, quando comparada com a população Han. Isso pode ser explicado por diferenças genéticas potenciais e hábitos alimentares ruins. .

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in northwest China / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factors of intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in northwest China. MethodsFrom January 2006 to December 2009,58 patients with early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with IMRT in Xijing hospital,the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Survival rates was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the differences was compared by the Logrank test.Univariate analysis method was use to identify all significant factors.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 100％.The follow-up time of 46 patients was more than 3 years.The 1-,2 and 3-year survival were 98％,94％ and 91％,respectively.The 3-year overall survival (OS),local recurrence-free survival (LRFS),distant metastasis-free surv ival (DMFS) for T1N0-1,T2N0 and T2N1 stage were 100％,100％,100％ and 74 ％,81％,87 ％,respectively ( x2 =5.74,P =0.01 ; x2 =4.95,P =0.03 ; x2 =4.24,P=0.04).The 3-year OS,LRFS,DMFS for IMRT combined with chemotherapy and IMRT alone were 100％,100％,100％ and 85％,85％,88％ respectively ( x2 =4.02,P =0.04; x2 =4.12,P =0.03 ; x2 =4.84,P =0.02).In T2N1 stage,IMRT combined with chemotherapy and IMRT alone were 100％,100％,100％ and 79％,79％,80％ respectively (x2 =5.28,P =0.03 ;x2 =4.84,P =0.04;x2 =4.72,P =0.04).In univariate analysis,N stage,clinical stage,IMRT combined with chemotherapy were significantly associated with the survival ( x2 =5.39,P =0.02 ; x2 =5.74,P =0.01 ; x2 =4.02,P =0.04).Conclusions In all early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma,T2N1 stage is a sub-group of high risk of distant metastasis.Combination of IMRT and chemotherapy may improve the LRFS,DMFS and OS in those patients.