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Investigations using in vitro and in vivo models of breast carcinogenesis have demonstrated anti-neoplastic activity of the green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Although a number of molecular targets of EGCG have been identified, its impact on the expression of estrogen target genes is not completely understood. Here, we examined the mRNA expression levels of two estrogen target genes, namely Trefoil Factor 1 (pS2) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) in MCF-7 cells treated with EGCG. We observed that treatment with 40 µM EGCG, which caused only 20% decrease in cell viability, resulted in increased steady state expression levels of pS2 and PR mRNA. This suggests that EGCG may exert its biological activities, at least in part, by influencing the expression of estrogen target genes.
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Background : Differential diagnoses of intrahepatic adenocarcinomas (IHAC) play an important role in the detecting primary sites and the determining type of treatment and overall prognosis of the patient. However, histopathologic findings alone have limitations of differential diagnoses of IHAC. Methods : To clarify which tumor related proteins (TRP) are useful for differential diagnoses of IHAC, TRP expression were investigated immunohistochemically, using MUC5AC, MUC2, mAb 91.9H, MUC1, and pS2, and by high iron diamine (HID) staining in 61 clinically confirmed IHACs. Results : MUC5AC (9/18, p0.05) displayed the most frequent expression in cholangiocarcinomas, and MUC2 (11/18, p0.05) was expressed more often in pancreatic adenocarcinomas than other IHAC, while MUC2 and 91.9H were not expressed at all in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The positivity of several TRP did not correlate with tumor differentiation. Conclusions : MUC5AC, MUC2, mAb 91.9H, and HID may be useful in differentiating cholangiocarcinomas from colorectal adenocarcinomas.
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Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Cholangiocarcinoma , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Iron , PrognosisABSTRACT
Aim To study the phytoestrogenic effect and its mechanism of isopsoralen in estrogen receptor (ER) positive T47D and ER negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line.Methods The proliferation rate and cell cycle distribution of T47D and MDA-MB231 cells influenced by isopsoralen were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry assay respectively.PS2 mRNA level in T47D cells was quantified by Real-time RT-PCR assay.PS2 expression was measured by flow cytometry.Estrogen receptor antagonist ICI180,782 was employed as a tool.Results The proliferation rates and indexes of T47D cells treated with 1?10-6 mol?L-1 and 1?10-7 mol?L-1 isopsoralen were increased.These effects could be blocked by ICI182,780.Meanwhile,isopsoralen didn't show stimulative effects on proliferation rate of MDA-MB231 cells.Real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry results showed that isopsoralen at 1?10-6 mol?L-1 and 1?10-7 mol?L-1 could induce elevation of pS2 mRNA and protein expression level in T47D cells.These effects could be partly blocked by ICI182,780.Conclusion Isopsoralen has phytoestrogenic effect and its effect is attained mainly via ER pathway.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of pS2 protein and the clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer and to evaluate the value of pS2 as a prognostic factor for breast carcinoma and a predictive factor for response to endocrine therapy. Methods Expression levels of pS2 protein, estrogen receptor (ER) and progestogen receptor (PR) in tissues from 75 cases of breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemical assay. The relationship of pS2 protein expression with patient age, menopausal status, tumor size, metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes, pathological types, ER and PR was analyzed. Results pS2 protein, expressed in 33.3% of breast carcinomas, was correlated with patient age and pathological types, but was not correlated with tumor size. The positive rate of pS2 protein before menopause was higher than that after menopause, but no significant difference was found. Similarly, higher positive rate of pS2 protein was found in patients with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes than those without, but no significant difference was found. pS2 expression was correlated with ER and PR, but they were not perfectly consistent. Conclusion In breast cancer, pS2 protein expression, associated with some clinical factors and pathological features, is a good prognostic factor. pS2 expression may be a reasonable index for endocrinotherapy of breast carcinoma, but the detection of pS2 protein can not be employed in place of the detection of ER and PR.
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PURPOSE: The trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) has a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or ethanol. In addition, a TFF1 knockout mouse model has exhibited circumferential adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, of which 30% progressed into frankly invasive carcinomas. We tried to determine whether the expression pattern of the TFF1 could be involved in the development of sporadic gastric carcinomas. MATENRIALS AND METHODS: We examined TFF1 expression in a series of 43 sporadic gastric carcinomas and 18 gastric adenomas by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Strong positive TFF1 staining was identified primarily in the normal gastric mucosa, mainly in the cytoplasm of the superficial and foveolar epithelium. We found TFF1 expression in 55.8% (24 out of 43) of the gastric carcinomas and in 16.7% (3 out of 18) of the gastric adenomas. Statistically, TFF1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diffuse-type (82.4%) than in intestinal-type (38.5%) carcinomas (p=0.0058, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: Our findings provide sufficient evidence that the expression of TFF1 in gastric cancer may simply disclose gastric-type differentiation of neoplastic cells and provide further support for the existence of at least two pathways of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa: one via intestinal metaplasia and adenomatous dysplasia, leading to glandular carcinomas with intestinal-type differentiation, and the other via hyperplastic changes or de novo changes, leading to diffuse carcinomas and to a subset of glandular carcinomas displaying gastric-type differentiation.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Adenoma , Cytoplasm , Epithelium , Ethanol , Gastric Mucosa , Immunohistochemistry , Lotus , Metaplasia , Mice, Knockout , Stomach NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objectives:To study the relationship between the expression of PS2 protein and estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR) ,c-erbB2 status and prognosis in breast cancer.Methods:PS2 protein expressions in 52 cases of breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results:The positive rate of PS2 protein was 59.6 %(31/52) in 52 patients.There was significant correlation between PS2 protein and menopausal status,ER status,PR status respectively.Tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node status were not significantly related with the expression of PS2 protein.Patients with PS2 protein positive expression had higher 5-year-survival rate than those with PS2 protein negative expression.Conclusion:PS2 protein appears to be an independent and valid prognostic factor of breast cancer,and detection of PS2 protein expression was useful for treatment of breast cancer.
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Expression of the pS2 protein in breast carcinoma is a useful guide to evaluate the prognosis and response to tamoxifen. The pS2 protein is an estrogen-regulated 60 amino acid protein which was originally discovered following the screening of cDNA libraries in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and is induced through estrogen-dependent transcription of the pS2 gene. The presence of the pS2 protein in breast cancer is considered as valuable as the receptor status, or even more so, in predicting the response to hormonal therapy. We have investigated the pS2 protein expression in 62 cases of primary breast cancer in order to know the relationship between the expression rate of the pS2 protein and hormonal receptor status using immunohistochemical procedures on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Concomitantly, both the estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were examined using the immunohistochemical technique. Positive staining for the pS2 was seen in forty-nine cases (79%) of the tumors. Forty three cases (88%) of the pS2 positive tumors were ER positive and forty one cases (84%) of the pS2 positive tumors were PR positive ; forty six cases (93%) of pS2 positive tumors were positive for ER and/or PR. The pS2 status correlated significantly with the ER (p<0.0001) and PR (p<0.001). The results reveal a close association between the pS2 protein and either or both the ER and PR status.
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Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Estrogens , Gene Library , Mass Screening , Progesterone , Prognosis , Receptors, Estrogen , Receptors, Progesterone , TamoxifenABSTRACT
Purpose:To study the expression of the PS2 protein in breast cancer and the relationship with patient's clinical characterisitcs.Methods:PS2 protein was examined by immunocytochemistry in 50 patients with breast cancer. Results:The intensity of PS2 expression was directly related with histological grade,tumor size,lymph nodes metastasis,distant metastasis,pathological type and ER expression.Conclusions:PS2 can be used as a prognostic factor of breast cancer.
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AIM: To investigate the potencional mechanism of Sea Buckthorn Procyanidins(SBPC) against peptic ulcer. METHODS: 72 gastric ulcer patients(final diagnosis by gasroscope),were randomly divided into two groups,including Sea Buckthorn Procyanidins(SBPC) treatment group(36 cases),and Ranitidine control group(36 cases),among them,50 Hp-positive PU patients were confirmed by endoscopy,histological instection,urease test.Normal group was 12 cases.Detection on Biospy specimens of gastric mucosa was used to observe the change of ITF for Immunohischemical,PS_2 for western blotting and the contents of aninohexose and phosphatide in ulcerated gastric mucosa. RESULTS: The contents of aninohexose,phosphatide of PU patients increased in sea buckthorn procyanidins(SBPC) group.There was a linear correlation between the contents of phosphatide,aninohexose and the expression of ITF、PS_2 in PU patients(P
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To determine the role of pS 2 and ITF(both are members of trefoil peptides) in the early phase of epithelial repair of stress induced gastric lesion. Wistar rats were exposed to water immersion restraint stress(WRS) for 4h, gastric mucosal blood flow(GMBF) was measured with LDF 3 flowmeter, and the extent of gastric mucosal lesions was evaluated grossly and histologically. Expression of pS 2 and ITF mRNA was determined with RT PCR, and further examined with immunohistochemistry. The results showed that a single infliction of WRS produced numerous gastric mucosal erosions, but the number of these lesions gradually decreased and GMBF recovered at 2, 4, 8h after stress. The area of gastric mucosal lesion was reduced by 64 9% and GMBF being increased by 89 8% at 8h. Healing of stress induced ulcerations was accompanied by an increase in the expression of pS 2 (0 51?0 14 vs 0 77?0 11, P
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Objective To investigate the effect of hydroxycam ptothecine on PS2 and COX-2 in nude mice by human bile duct carcinoma QBC939 cells in order to analyze the correlation between PS2 and COX-2 expressions and the development of the tumor.Methods After the model of the transplanted tumor of subcutaneous tissues located the nude mice was constructed by human bile duct carcinoma QBC939 cells,30 nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely,control group,hydroxycamptothecine low-dose group and high-dose group.The growth of the transplanted tumor was observed and immunohistochemical staining combined with image analysis was used to determine the expression of PS2 and COX-2 in the tumor tissues.Results Compared with that of the control group,the content of PS2 in the tumor tissues was increased in hydroxycamptothecine low-dose group and high-dose group.The content of COX-2 was decreased and the growth of the transplanted tumor was inhibited in both hydroxycamptothecine low-dose group and high-dose group(P