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Aims: To evaluate the effect of packaging materials and storage temperatures on the microbiological quality of Hibiscus sabdarifa drinks produced with: 1) commercial pineapple flavour (HCPF) and; 2) Phoenix dactylifera (38%) and pineapple extract (2%) (HPPE). Methodology: Pasteurized drinks packaged in polyethylene sachets, plastic and glass bottles were stored at refrigeration (4.4±2oC) and ambient (25±2oC) temperatures for 27 and 9 days respectively. Results: There was significant (P≤0.05) decrease in total bacterial count in HCPF (≤4.51-≥2.14 Log10CFU/ml) with higher death rate (0.06) in plastic bottles at 4.4±2oC while at 25±2oC it increased significantly (P≤0.05) in HPPE samples (4.00-≤4.95 Log10CFU/ml) with least growth rate in plastic bottles (0.02). Yeast count at 25±2oC (1.28 – 2.15 Log10CFU/ml) was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than at 4.4±2oC (1.00 – 1.60 Log10CFU/ml) and drinks in plastic bottles had the least growth rates (≤0.03). Coliform (2.04 – 2.59 Log10CFU/ml), Escherichia coli (2.00 – 2.93 Log10CFU/ml) and Staphylococcus (2.00 – 2.50 Log10CFU/ml) sparingly detected, were unable to grow in the drinks with greater inhibition at 25±2oC in all packaging materials. No growth of Salmonella was observed in the drinks. Glass bottles favoured more microbial growth but the levels were satisfactory for all packaging which is indicative of microbiological safety. Conclusion: Any of the packaging material can be used for packaging of Hibiscus sabdarifa drinks with storage at refrigeration temperature for ≤ 21 days. It is informative to both consumers and producers that the then wasted pineapple peels can serve as an ingredient in Hibiscus sabdarifa drink production.
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Aim: The study aimed to evaluate different packaging materials at different storage conditions for improving the shelf life of guava fruits.Methodology: The guava fruits (Cv. Sardar) were stored at ambient and cold storage conditions (10°C, 90% RH) in four packaging materials viz., Cellulose acetate film bags (CAFB), Breathing bags (BB), Polypropylene bags (PPB) and Brown paper bags (BPB). The quality attributes like physiological loss in weight, colour, fruit firmness, sensory score and biochemical parameters such as non-reducing sugars, reducing sugars, total sugar, acidity, ascorbic acid, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) and pectin were evaluated. Results: There was significant effect of packaging materials and storage conditions on quality of guava fruits during storage. The average weight loss at ambient condition irrespective of packaging material was twice (0.86 % per day) than that of cold storage condition (0.41 % per day). The average weight loss irrespective of storage conditions was highest for control fruits at ambient condition (1.88 % per day) and lowest for the fruits packed in Polypropylene bags (0.018 % per day). The fruit firmness decreased with storage period. Non-reducing sugars, reducing sugars and total sugars increased initially and subsequently decreased. Titrable acidity, ascorbic acid and pectin reduced and total soluble solids increased with advancement of storage period. Sensory evaluation revealed that fruits stored in cellulose acetate film bags and breathing bags at cold storage conditions could achieve shelf life of 18 days with high overall acceptability. Interpretation: Studies revealed that the guava fruits can be stored upto 18 days in cellulose acetate film bags and breathing bags at 10°C with 90% RH storage conditions with acceptable sensory score.
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@#Taking plastic packaging materials as an example, this paper mainly summarizes the general principles of pharmacopoeias and guiding principles of relevant government departments related to the compatibility studies of drugs and packaging materials at home and abroad, with much reference to relevant monographs and literature. The purpose and specific methods of extraction and interaction studies are summarized and discussed. The existing problems and solutions in compatibility research are also proposed in this review to provide some refe-rence for researchers in relevant fields.
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@#Taking plastic packaging materials as an example, this paper mainly summarizes the general principles of pharmacopoeias and guiding principles of relevant government departments related to the compatibility studies of drugs and packaging materials at home and abroad, with much reference to relevant monographs and literature. The purpose and specific methods of extraction and interaction studies are summarized and discussed. The existing problems and solutions in compatibility research are also proposed in this review to provide some refe-rence for researchers in relevant fields.
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Traditional Chinese herbs are readily contaminated by mold that produced mycotoxins which are closly related to the herbs' external factors and external environments during the storage process. In this study, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium was used as example, and the characteristics of traits, water content, active components (naringin, hesperidin, sinensetin, naringin, tangeretin) and the accumulation of aflatoxins (AFs) were selected as the evaluation indexes. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium was stored under different environments and packaging materials for 12 months, and then the quality changes and mildew of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were examined. The results showed that the color of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium was deepened after storage, but without mildew phenomenon. Besides, the sample storage in kraft paper and woven bags had varying degrees of moth phenomenon after 12 months storage, and the water content exceeded the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In addition, the contents of the five active constituents obviously decreased, especially for hesperidin, which did not meet the pharmacopoeia standard after storage. AFs were not detected in any of the tested samples. According to the results, we conclude that low temperature and humidity environment is more suitable for the storage of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and that packaging materials should be further investigated. This study is of great significance for preventing the mold to contaminate the traditional Chinese medicine and ensuring the quality, effectiveness and safety of TCMs.
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Aliphatic amines in infant food packaging materials were extracted and concentrated by 0 . 5 mL of acidified methanol using gas purge microsyringe extraction ( GP-MSE ) . Pre-column fluorescence labeling of amines was achieved in mild conditions with 10-ethyl-acridine-2-sulfonyl chloride ( EASC ) as labeling reagent. The derivatization was carried out at 60℃ and pH 10. The derivatives were successfully separated on a Hypersil GOLD column with excitation and emission wavelengths of 262 and 430 nm, respectively. The detection limits were in the range of 0. 4-0. 6 μg/kg, and the quantitation limits were in the range of 1. 2-2. 1 μg/kg. All analytes were in good linearity in the concentration range of 2. 0-2000 μg/L with correlation coefficients of higher than 0. 998. The developed method was characterized by celerity, accuracy and high sensitivity. It was successfully applied to the determination of aliphatic amines in infant food packaging materials.
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Objective:To establish the analysis method for the determination of Ni, Cu and Zn in aluminum food packaging mate-rials by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP-AES) . Methods: A small amount of EDTA was added to the test solution till the concentration at 0. 010 0 mol·L-1 and the pH value was adjusted to 5. 0. Strong acid cation exchange fibers were used for the assisted extraction of Al3+ with ultrasonic. Al3+ could not quickly form a complex anion with EDTA, so it was adsorbed by the strong acid cation exchange fibers. Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ could form complex anions with EDTA rapidly, so they could not be ad-sorbed by the strong acid cation exchange fibers and were left in the solution to be determined. Results:After the separation, the con-tents of Cu, Ni and Zn were not lost, and the content of residual aluminum was about 170 times of that of Cu, Ni and Zn, which had not interferece with the determination of Cu, Ni and Zn. The sample standard addition recovery was within the range of 98. 3%-104%with RSD of 0. 2%-2. 5%(n=5). The relative errors between the measured values and the certified values of standard substances were less than 5. 0%. Conclusion:The proposed method can be successfully applied in the separation and determination of Cu, Ni and Zn in aluminum cans, barbecue aluminum foil and standard substances.
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The migration of two potential contaminants, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, from two paper materials into food simulant Tenax was studied. A rapid and simple one-step extraction-derivatization method combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in paper packaging materials and food stimulants. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) were greater than 0. 9999 in the range of 0. 14-35. 7 mg/m2 for both formaldehyde and 0. 20-49. 1 mg/m2 for acetaldehyde, with detection limits of 0. 03 mg/m2 for formaldehyde and 0. 04 mg/m2 for acetaldehyde. The recoveries were 90. 1%-108. 6% for paper sample and Tenax. The migration behaviors of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at different temperatures and migration times were investigated. Both for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, the amount of migration gradually increased with time first, then decreased, finally reached a steady value. The migration rates of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were differently influenced by temperature. After reaching a steady value, the maximum migration rate for formaldehyde was at 30℃, and for acetaldehyde was at 70℃ and 50℃. The migration rates of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde greatly varied, and the migration rate of acetaldehyde was far more than the migration rate of formaldehyde when reaching a steady value.
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Objective To establish inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) method and determine the migration contents of twelve elements in clevidipine injectable emulsion direct contact with packaging materials.Methods Clevidipine injectable emulsion were digested by carbonization-oxidation.Based on internal standard method, migration contents of twelve elements in digested sample solutions were analyzed by ICP-MS.Results The linear correlative coefficients for twelve elements were higher than 0.9995.The accuracy, precision and stability of the method were detected, all of which conformed to the analysis standard.The recoveries were in the range of 81.3%~119.0%.Conclusion The packaging materials have good compatibility with injectable emulsion, and migration contents of Na、K、Sb and Ba of twelve elements meet the requirements.
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This article was aimed to determine the feasibility of neutral borosilicate glass ampoule as the inner packing material of Ginkgolides meglumine injection by studying the drug compatibility between Ginkgolides me-glumine injection and neutral borosilicate glass ampoule. On the basis of the Pharmaceutical Packaging Materials and Drug Compatibility Test Guidance Rules, the study was carried on the compatibility between Ginkgolides me-glumine injection and neutral borosilicate glass ampoule for packaging materials. The results showed that no mi-gration or adsorption quality of change between the Ginkgolides meglumine injection and neutral borosilicate glass ampoule. It had good compatibility between neutral borosilicate glass ampoule and Ginkgolides meglumine injec-tion. It was concluded that neutral borosilicate glass can be used as the packing materials of Ginkgolides meglumine injection.
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A comprehensive analytical method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bisphenol A in textiles and food packaging) materials. Various textile and food packaging material samples were extracted under the conditions of 10.3 MPa and 120 ℃ by accelerated solvent extraction method with two static cycles using ethanol as the extraction) solvent. The extract was cleaned up by Supelclean Envi-Carb solid phase extraction cartridge. Qualitative) and quantitative analyses were carried out for the analytes under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode after the chromatographic separation on Waters XBridge C_(18))(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) column) with methanol-0.1% NH_4OH gradient elution. The limits of detection(LODs) for alkylphenol, octyphenol and bisphenol A were 0.5 μg/kg. The mean recoveries for textile samples at the spiked level of 0.5-10 μg/kg were 86.9%-92.5%, with the relative standard deviation less than 9.1%. The mean recoveries for food packaging material samples at the spiked level of 0.5-10 μg/kg were 87.8%-93.0%, with the relative standard deviation less than 8.8%. The method is accurate, simple, rapid, and adapts to the inspection of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bisphenol A in textiles and food packaging materials.
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OBJECTIVE: To study relation between the packaging of pharmaceutical products and the safety of drug use. METHODS: Analysis was based on the relevant documents, and combined with the actual situations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Only by selecting the appropriate packaging materials, controlling the packaging process effectively and man- aging the package labels, will the safety of drug use be ensured.