Determination of six ingredients of gastrodin from gastrodia elata with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker / 中草药

Objective To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) for determining contents of six gastrodin compositions in Gastrodia elata, gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C and parishin E. Methods Separation was carried out on Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 Column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by using acetonitrile (A)-0.05% Phosphoric acid aqueous solution (B) as the mobile phase, and a linear gradient elution was employed (0-5 min, 2% A, 5-20 min, 2%-30% A, 20-25 min, 30%-2% A) with detection wavelength at 220 nm, flow velocity at 1.0 mL/minand column temperature at 25 ℃. Five relative correction factors (RCFs) of the five compositions using gastrodin as the internal standard were applied to determine their contents in all samples It was established to determine the contents of gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, parishin E by the external standard method (ESM) at the same time. The feasibility and accuracy of QAMS method were verified by comparing the content results determined by ESM and QAMS. Results Within the linear range, the RCFs of gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, parishin E were 0.663, 1.278, 1.435 and 1.591, respectively, with good repeatability in different experimental conditions. There was no significant difference between the QAMS method and ESM method. Conclusion The QAMS method is feasible and accurate for the determination of the six chemical compositions, and which can be used for quality control of G. elata.

Quality research of Gastrodiae Rhizoma with UPLC fingerprint and content determination of multicomponent / 中草药

Objective To establish the analysis method of UPLC fingerprint and simultaneous determination of five active components (gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin A). Methods The analysis was performed on a Waters Acquity with a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column. The gradient mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water solution, flow rate was set at 0.3 mL/min, the injection volume was 0.2 μL and the temperature of column was 35 ℃. The detection wavelengths were set at 270 nm (fingerprint), 220 nm (content determination). The 28 batches of samples fingerprint were analyzed by similarity evaluation, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The identification and content determination of the main common peaks were carried out by comparison with reference. Results We set up the common mode of the fingerprint with 20 common peaks, and six of them were identified, which were gastrodin (1), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (3), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), parishin B (14), parishin C (15), and parishin A (18). The similarities among 28 samples were all above 0.90. PCA was used to divide the samples into five groups, and six different substances were found. The content of the same component and the fluctuation range among different components were all different. The content of the five components of each origin was Guizhou 2.52% > Yunnan 2.49% > Shaanxi 2.33% > Hubei 2.10% > Zhejiang 1.90% > Anhui 1.65%.Conclusion The establishment of UPLC fingerprint and simultaneous determination of five active components provide a reference for quality control of Gastrodia Rhizoma.

Structure-activity relationship of gastrodin and parishins on learning and memory deficits induced by scopolamine / 药学学报

Gastrodin, parishin and parishin C were purified from a water extract of GE (rhizome of Gastrodia elata, an herb medicine for treatment of neuronal disorders). In order to compare the pharmacological effects of gastrodin, parishin and parishin C on improving cognition deficits, we tested them in an animal model of cognition disorders induced by scopolamine and in a study of in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) recordings. In the Morris water maze task, parishin C (15 and 50 mg·kg-1, P -1, P -1. In vivo LTP recordings showed that parishin C at 5, 10 and 20 mg·kg-1, parishin at 10, 30 and 100 mg·kg-1 reversed the suppression of LTP by scopolamine in rats in a dose-dependent manner. However, gastrodin at 100 mg·kg-1 showed only a modest effect. In summary, the action of parishin C in the improvement of dementia induced by scopolamine was more potent than parishin and gastrodin.

Study on integrative technology of primary processing for Gastrodiae Rhizoma based on response surface methodology / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the integrative technology of primary processing for Gastrodiae Rhizoma by response surface methodology. Methods: The single factor experiment combined with Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the integrative technology, with five major characteristic components (gastrodin, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, and parishin E) as indexes, in order to detect three factors (steaming time, drying time, and drying temperature), and optimize the primary processing of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Results: Optimum percolation process was as follows: Gastrodiae Rhizoma was steamed for 30 min, and dried for 12 h at 60℃. Conclusion: This optimized integrative technology of Gastrodiae Rhizoma is reasonable and feasible, and with high accuracy. It could provide the scientific basis and innovative idea to the large-scale production of decoction pieces of Chinese Materia Medica.

Parishin C's prevention of Aβ 1-42-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation is related to NMDA receptors

The rhizome of Gastrodia elata (GE), a herb medicine, has been used for treatment of neuronal disorders in Eastern Asia for hundreds of years. Parishin C is a major ingredient of GE. In this study, the i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ 1-42 oligomers model of LTP injury was used. We investigated the effects of parishin C on the improvement of LTP in soluble Aβ 1-42 oligomer-injected rats and the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms. Parishin C (i.p. or i.c.v.) significantly ameliorated LTP impairment induced by i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ 1-42 oligomers. In cultured hippocampal neurons, soluble Aβ 1-42 oligomers significantly inhibited NMDAR currents while not affecting AMPAR currents and voltage-dependent currents. Pretreatment with parishin C protected NMDA receptor currents from the damage induced by Aβ. In summary, parishin C improved LTP deficits induced by soluble Aβ 1-42 oligomers. The protection by parishin C against Aβ-induced LTP damage might be related to NMDA receptors.

Chemical constituents from Gastrodia elata (II) / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Gastrodia elata. Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Results: Nine compounds were isolated from the 50% ethanol extract of G. elata, whose structures were determined as 1-furan-2-yl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethane-1, 2-dione (1), 2, 4-bis (4-hydroxybenzl)-phenol (2), 4-(methoxymethyl) phenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 1-furan-2-yl-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)- ethanone (4), parishin B (5), parishin C (6), {1-[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl], 2-[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzyl]} citrate (7), bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide (8), and di-(p-hydroxybenzy1) disulfide (9). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound, named gastrofurodione, and compound 9 is isolated from this genus for the first time.