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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 40(1): 32-42, Jan. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958947

ABSTRACT

Abstract Pregnancy is needed for the perpetuation of the human species, and it leads to physiological adaptations of the various maternal organs and systems. The eye, although a closed space, also undergoes some modifications, most of which are relatively innocuous, but they may occasionally become pathological. For women, pregnancy is a susceptibility period; however, for many obstetricians, their knowledge of the ocular changes that occur during pregnancy tends to be limited. For this reason, this is a important area of study as is necessary the development of guidelines to approach those changes. Of equal importance are the knowledge of the possible therapies for ophthalmological problems in this period and the evaluation of themode of delivery in particular conditions. For this article, an extensive review of the literature was performed, and a summary of the findings is presented.


Resumo A gravidez é necessária à perpetuação da espécie humana, levando a adaptações fisiológicas dos diversos órgãos e sistemas maternos. O olho, apesar de uma cavidade fechada, sofre também algumas modificações, a maioria relativamente inócuas, que pontualmente poderão se tornar patológicas. A gravidez assume-se como um período particular de suscetibilidade para a mulher; no entanto, muitos obstetras têm conhecimento limitado sobre as alterações oftalmológicas na gravidez. Por conseguinte, impõe-se o seu estudo, bem como a elaboração de diretrizes para lidar com essas mudanças. De igual importância são o conhecimento da eventual terapêutica para problemas oftalmológicos neste período e a avaliação do tipo do parto em condições particulares. Desta forma, foi efetuada uma revisão bibliográfica extensa e apresentada uma síntese do tema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/therapy
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(3): 502-510, mar. 2018. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-965031

ABSTRACT

istopathology of the ocular and periocular tissues submitted for diagnosis and research is still incipient in Brazil, in contrast to veterinary clinical ophthalmology. In this study, ocular and periocular tissues from domestic and wild animal species, mainly from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated between February 2012 and September 2015. The samples were analyzed grossly and microscopically. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were performed on some of the samples. The frequency, type of ocular alteration, affected animal species, and affected ocular or periocular tissues were recorded. One hundred eighty-eight ocular and periocular tissues from domestic and, occasionally, wild animals were examined. Nine animals presented two concurrent alterations, adding up to 197 alterations. Proliferative lesions were the most frequent (92), followed by traumatic (43), inflammatory (37), degenerative (18), developmental (4) and vascular/hemorrhagic diseases (3). The globe was the most affected structure (112), followed by eyelids (52), third eyelid (17), bulbar conjunctiva (14) and retrobulbar region (2). Neoplasms arising from periocular tissues were the most frequent alteration (60), possibly related to a more active surgical service and histopathologic evaluation request. Many animals presented ocular lesions that reflected systemic diseases, which were diagnosed by necropsy and examination of other organs. Particularly in cases of neoplasia, early detection and surgical treatment can prevent systemic involvement. Ocular histopathologic evaluation can provide better characterization and prognosis of the clinical-pathological condition of the patient as well.(AU)


O envio de bulbos oculares e tecidos perioculares para histopatologia na rotina diagnóstica e pesquisa ainda é incipiente no Brasil, diferentemente da área de oftalmologia clínica veterinária. Neste estudo, olhos e tecidos perioculares de animais domésticos e silvestres, especialmente provenientes do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram avaliados entre fevereiro de 2012 e setembro de 2015. As amostras foram analisadas macro e microscopicamente. Em algumas amostras, histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica também foram realizadas. Frequência, tipo de alteração ocular, espécie animal e estrutura ocular e/ou periocular acometidas foram registrados. Foram examinados 188 bulbos oculares e tecidos perioculares de animais domésticos e, ocasionalmente, silvestres. Nove animais apresentaram duas alterações concomitantes, totalizando 197 alterações. Doenças neoplásicas foram as mais frequentes (92), seguidas pelas traumáticas (43), inflamatórias (37), degenerativas (18), de desenvolvimento (4) e vasculares/hemorrágicas (3). O bulbo ocular foi a estrutura mais acometida (112), seguida pelas pálpebras (52), terceira pálpebra (17), conjuntiva bulbar (14) e região retrobulbar (2). Neoplasmas com origem em tecido periocular foram a alteração mais frequente (60), possivelmente relacionado a uma rotina cirúrgica mais ativa e consequente solicitação de avaliação histopatológica. Muitos animais apresentaram lesões oculares como reflexo de doença sistêmica, as quais foram diagnosticadas por necropsia e análise de outros órgãos. Particularmente em casos de neoplasia, detecção precoce e tratamento cirúrgico podem evitar envolvimento sistêmico. Ademais, a avaliação histopatológica ocular é capaz de oferecer melhor caracterização e prognóstico de condições clínico-patológicas do paciente animal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Chronic Disease/veterinary , Dogs/abnormalities , Eye Diseases/veterinary
3.
Cienc. tecnol. salud vis. ocul ; 8(2): 11-19, jul.- dic. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-653289

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de defectos refractivos y patologías oculares en pacientes geriátricos de Bogotá, atendidos entre octubre de 2007 y septiembre de 2008. Metodología: con el apoyo de la Clínica de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle, se estudiaron 596 pacientes pertenecientes al Hogar de Ancianos Casa Nostra, Hogar Santa Teresa de Jornet, Hogar Sagrado Corazón, Despertar Balcanes, Bosque Popular y Bello Horizonte, de la Secretaría de Integración Social del Distrito Capital. A todos los pacientes se les realizó examen clínico optométrico: agudeza visual en V.L., agudeza visual en V.P., toma de distancia pupilar, examen externo, oftalmoscopia sin dilatación, presión intraocular, rejilla de Amsler, queratometría y retinoscopía. Para la determinación de retinopatía hipertensiva, se utilizó la clasificaciónde Keith-Wagener-Berker, y de acuerdo al ETDRS se diferenció la retinopatía diabética, previa estandarización de la prueba y consentimiento informado.La información se recolectó en el formato de historia clínica HCIIO01 VERSIÓN 006-2007. Se utilizó la base de datos en el programa EPI INFO 6.4 y se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: el defecto refractivo con mayor prevalencia fue el astigmatismo, con 36,4%, y la patología más prevalente fue el pterigio, con 44,79%. Conclusiones: tanto el astigmatismo como el pterigio son las alteraciones visuales y oculares más prevalentes en las personas adultas de los hogares estudiados. Con los datos anteriores es importante sugerir la creación de un modelo de atención primaria que contemple aspectos educativos, promocionales y asistenciales para este grupo de pacientes, con el ánimo de intervenir las causas de morbilidad visual y ocular, mejorando la calidad de vida de esta población.


Objective: to determine the prevalence of refractive error and ocular pathologies in geriatric patients of Bogota, taken care of between October of 2007 and September of 2008. Methods: with the support of the Optometry Clinic - University of the Salle, 596 patients, pertaining to Hogar Casa Nostra, Hogar Santa Teresa de Jornet, Hogar Sagrado Corazón, Despertar Balcanes, Bosque Popular and Bello Horizonte of Secretaría de Integración Social of Distrito Capital. To all the patients’ optometric clinical examination was made to them: Visual acuity in L.V., visual acuity in N.V., taking of distance to pupilar, external examination, oftalmoscopy without expansion, intraocular pressure, grid of Amsler, queratometry and retinoscopy. For determination of hypertensive retinopaty, the classification of Keith-Wagener-Berker was used, and according to the ETDRS was differentthe diabetic retinopaty; previous standardization of the test and informed consent. The information was collected in the format of clinical history: HCIIO01 VERSION 006-2007 and in base of EPI INFO 6.4, and descriptive statistical analysis was made. Results: the refractive error with greater prevalence was the Astigmatism with 36,4% and the prevalent pathology was pterigium with 44,79%. Conclusions: As much the astigmatism as pterigium are the visual and ocularalterations more prevalents in the adult people, it is important to suggest the creation of a model of primary attention with educative aspects, promotional and welfare for this patients, for take part the causes of visual and ocular morbidity, improving the quality of life of this one population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Astigmatism , Cataract , Eye , Eye Abnormalities , Eye Health , Geriatrics , Pterygium , Refractive Errors
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