Total Flavonoids of Peony Flower Regulate NLRP3 Inflammasome and Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Gouty Nephropathy Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of total flavonoids of peony flower （TFPF） in protecting rats from gouty nephropathy and provide data support for the pharmaceutical research on the treatment of gouty nephropathy. MethodGouty nephropathy rat model was established by adenine combined with ethambutol. Rats were randomly assigned into blank control group， model group， allopurinol （42 mg·kg-1） group， Tongfengshu tablets （600 mg·kg-1， positive control） group， and TFPF （260， 130， and 65 mg·kg-1） groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in rat serum and those of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and IL-1β in renal homogenate. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was carried out for observation of the morphological changes of renal cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was conducted for observation of the DNA damage in renal cells. The expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， cysteine aspartic acid protease（Caspase）-1 and IL-1β were observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1 and nuclear transcription factor -κB （NF-κB） in renal tissues were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with blank group， the contents of TNF-α， MCP-1， IL-1β， IL-18， and TGF-β1 in serum of model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， NF-κB and IL-1β in kidney of model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The renal tissue cells showed cytoplasmic swelling， cell membrane rupture， and the number of nuclear pyknotic fracture increased. The positive rate of TUNEL staining was significantly increased in model group （P<0.01）， and the contents of IL-1β and TGF-β1 in renal tissue homogenate were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-18 in serum of rats in TFPF high- and medium-dose groups could be decreased to different degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the content of MCP-1 in TFPF high-dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The content of TGF-β1 in renal tissue homogenate in TFPF high- and medium-dose groups was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the content of IL-1β in renal tissue homogenate in TFPF medium-dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that each dose group of TFPF could improve the status of renal tubular epithelial cells， reduce cytoplasmic swelling and the number of nuclear pyknosis to varying degrees. The positive rate of TUNEL staining was decreased （P<0.01） and DNA damage was decreased. The expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， IL-1β and NF-κB protein in renal tissue cells was inhibited （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTFPF protects rats from gouty nephropathy by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Specifically， it may inhibit the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathways to reduce the expression， maturation， and release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 and further inhibit pyroptosis， thereby reversing the inflammatory injury of kidney in gouty nephropathy.

Pharmacological effects of Huangqin Decoction prepared from roots of multi-originated peony on ulcerative colitis in mice:a comparative study / 中国中药杂志

Huangqin Decoction(HQD) is a classic prescription for treating dysentery in the Treatise on Cold Damage and now is mainly used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC). Since there are no requirements on specific Paeonia species, both Paeoniae Radix Alba(white peony root, WPR) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra(red peony root, RPR) are clinically used in HQD now. Although the two types of peony roots are close in origin and similar in primary components, the medicinal properties and efficacies are different. Furthermore, the systematic comparative analysis on the efficacy differences in treating UC of HQD with the roots of multi-originated peony has been seldom reported. This study compared and evaluated the pharmacological effects of HQD prepared from the roots of multi-originated peony, including WPR, RPR-l(derived from P. lactiflora), and RPR-v(derived from P. veitchii) based on the mouse model of UC induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) by animal behaviors, pathological section(colon), and cytokine expression(IL-1β and IL-6), aiming to provide evidence for the identification of the original resource of peony root in HQD. The results indicated that all HQD samples prepared from WPR, RPR-l, and RPR-v could improve the symptoms of UC. Compared with the HQD-WPR, HQD-RPR-l and HQD-RPR-v were significantly different in weight loss, colon length, and disease activity index(DAI) score, but there was no significant difference between HQD-RPR-l and HQD-RPR-v. Moreover, HQD-RPR-v exhibited the most significant improvement in the pathological morphology of colonic tissue and mucosal defects. According to the previous comparative analysis of chemical profiling and content distribution of HQD prepared from the roots of multi-originated peony, RPR-v in HQD was potent in protecting against UC, which was presumedly attributed to a large number of monoterpene glycosides and galloyl glucoses. This study provided a scientific basis for the determination of peony root in HQD and its clinical medication.

Simultaneous rapid detection of ten stilbenes in serum of mice by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

Stilbenes is a class of natural polyphenols with 1,2-diphenylethylene as the skeleton structure which have structural and active diversity. However, there are fewer studies on their metabolic process, which limits the in-depth research and development of such components. An UPLC-MS/MS method simultaneously determining contents of ten stilbenes was firstly established in this study and applied to study the ten stilbenes of peony seed coats in the serum of C57 mice.Piceatannol was the internal standard, and methanol was used for protein precipitation, UPLC-MS/MS with negative ion mode was used for analysis, and the method was validated.The serum samples were collected and detected after mice being oral administered with 800 mg·kg~(-1) peony seed coat extracts for 8 weeks. The results showed that suffruticosol A, suffruticosol B, suffruticosol C, trans-ε-viniferin, cis-gnetin H, trans-suffruticosol D and trans-gnetin H were detected in serum samples, and the highest is suffruticosol A. The method is simple and quick with high specificity and sensitivity, and it is suitable for quantitative determination of ten stilbenes in the serum of mice.

Five Female Cases of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea after Taking Cold Food and Drink Under Stressful Conditions Successfully Treated with Ireito-Based Kampo Prescriptions / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We report five female patients (range 33-54 years) with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that were successfully treated with ireito-­based prescriptions. Showing yin deficiency and weak constitution, they maintained a good state of bowel movement with warming and invigorating prescriptions. However, when it became hot around March to June and these patients encountered stressful conditions, they became thirsty and tended to take a lot of cold food and drink. Then, they developed diarrhea, epigastric and/or abdominal fullness, anxiety and depressive feeling, which are regarded as due to qi stagnation. Stuck sensations in pit of stomach by abdominal examination were reported in all cases. Their symptoms were derived from water retention and qi stagnation, and therefore, we prescribed ireito for one patient, ireito with keishikashakuyakuto or kenchutobased prescriptions (ogikenchuto or shokenchuto) for 3 patients, and ireito with keishibukuryogan for one patient. Ireito is composed of heiisan and goreisan. The Chinese herbs Magnolia Bark and Citrus Unshiu Peel in heiisan not only help the digestive system, but also improve qi stagnation. These results suggest that ireito,containing Peony Root, is effective for patients with IBS, who show stuck sensations in the pit of stomach and suffer from diarrhea with abdominal pain after taking cold food and drink under stressful conditions.

Textual research on Chinese herbaceous peony in Chinese classical prescriptions / 中国中药杂志

In this paper,the name,origin,producing area,harvesting and processing changes of Paeonia lactiflora used in classical prescriptions were studied by textual research of herbal medicine and field investigation. Chinese herbaceous peony wasn' t distinguished before the Northern and Southern Dynasties; Tao Hongjing proposed that there were two kinds of P. lactiflora in the Northern and Southern Dynasties,but they were not clearly defined; since the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the method of distinguishing P. lactiflora by flower color and root color was proposed. In the Ming Dynasty,people put forward the criteria similar to modern ones,that is,to divide red peony and white peony by means of harvesting and processing,and to continue for future generations. Since modern times,different growth patterns and processing methods have been used to classify red peony and white peony. Paeoniae Radix Alba has gradually formed three major cultivation genuine producing areas: Hangzhou,Sichuan and Bozhou,while Paeoniae Radix Rubra in modern times has praised the wild medicinal materials produced in Inner Mongolia,Toronto and other places. According to textual research,Paeoniae Radix Alba was highly praised in Song Dynasty. When people in Song Dynasty revised the previous literature,they changed " Shaoyao" into " Baishao" and continued to use Paeoniae Radix Alba for future generations. Therefore,the origin of P. lactiflora in classical prescriptions before the Song Dynasty should be determined by the combination of prescription function and prescription meaning evolution; After the Song Dynasty,the origins of " Red Paeonia Root" and " White Paeonia Root" in prescriptions are basically the same as those in today's prescriptions,which should be recorded in ancient prescriptions. For the medicinal flavor of " Paeonia Root" recorded in prescriptions after the Song Dynasty,the origins can be determined by functional domination and the evolution of prescriptions.

Simultaneous Determination of 15 Monoterpene Glycosides in Radix Paeoniae Alba and Seed Cake of Peony by HPLC / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 15 monoterpene glycosides in Radix Paeoniae Alba and seed cake of peony. METHODS: The separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB C18-Aq column, using acetonitrile (A) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (B) (pH 2.8) as the mobile phase by gradient elution. The elution program was as follows: 0 min(A, 9%)→8 min(A, 9%)→10 min(A, 15%)→25 min(A, 20%)→42 min(A, 35%)→50 min(A, 35%). The flow rate was 1.0 mL•min-1. The detection wavelength was maintained at 260 nm. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. RESULTS: The linear range was 5.1-81.6 μg•mL-1 for pyrindylpaeoniflorin, 12.95-207.2 μg•mL-1 for mudanpioside F, 6.2-99.2 μg•mL-1 for oxyalbiflorin, 12.2-195.2 μg•mL-1 for oxypaeoniflorin, 8.0-128.0 μg•mL-1 for 10-hydroxypaeoniflorin, 5.5-88.0 μg•mL-1 for albiflorin, 6.0-96.0 μg•mL-1 for paeoniflorin, 6.0-96.0 μg•mL-1 for oxypaeonidanin, 5.6-89.6 μg•mL-1 for 4-O-methyl-oxypaeoniflorin, 4.7-75.2 μg•mL-1 for galloylpaeoniflorin, 5.4-86.4 μg•mL-1 for 4-O-methyl-paeoniflorin, 5.0-80.0 μg•mL-1 foralbiflorin R1, 5.7-91.2 μg•mL-1 for paeonidanin, 5.4-86.4 μg•mL-1 for benzoyloxypaeoniflorin and 6.7-107.2 μg•mL-1 for benzoylpaeoniflorin. The average recoveries of the 15 monoterpene glycosides, were between 96.8%-105.6% and the RSD values were 1.05%-3.41%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and can be used for the quality control of peony.

Study on Efficacy Enhancing Effects of Compatibility of Aconitum carmichaeli Liposoluble Alkaloids and Total Glucosides of Peony in the Treatment of Wind-Cold-Dampness Type Bi-Syndrome Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the efficacy enhancing effect of compatibility of Aconitum carmichaeli liposoluble alkaloids and total glucosides of peony in the treatment of wind-cold-dampness type bi-syndrome model rats. METHODS： Totally 100 SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group （water）， model group （water）， rotundine group [positive control， 10.0    mg/（kg·d）]， dexamethasone group [positive control， 0.3 mg/（kg·d）]，A. carmichaeli alkaloids low-dose and high-dose groups [A. carmichaeli  liposoluble alkaloid extract 12.5， 25.0 mg/（kg·d）]， total glucosides of peony low-dose and high-dose groups [total glucosides of peony powder 200.0，400.0 mg/（kg·d）]， compatibility low-dose and high-dose groups [A. carmichaeli  liposoluble alkaloid+total glucosides of peony powder were 12.5 mg/（kg·d）+400.0 mg/（kg·d）， 25.0 mg/（kg·d）+800.0 mg/（kg·d） respectively]， with 10 rats in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were given complete Freund’s adjuvant 0.1 mL on the right hind paw and wind-cold-dampness stimulation to induce wind-cold-dampness type bi-syndrome model. Nineteen days after modeling， they were given relevant medicine or water intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 14 d. The joint tenderness threshold （except for dexamethasone group） and joint swelling index （except for rotundine group） were measured at 0 （before medication）， 3rd and 6th day after administration respectively. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of synovial membrane of ankle joint in rats （except for rotundine group）. ELISA assay was used to determine anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide （CCP） antibody in serum of rats （except for rotundine group）， and compatibility index （CI） were calculated. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， joint tenderness threshold of rats were decreased significantly in model group at different time points， while joint swelling index was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Inflammatory lesions in synovial tissue were obvious， and the content of anti-CCP antibody in serum was significantly increased （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the joint tenderness threshold， joint swelling index， synovial tissue pathological changes and anti-CCP antibody content in serum of rats in medication groups were improved in varying degrees， most of the indicators had significant difference （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the improvement effect of the compatibility groups was better than single component treatment groups. CI value calculated based on anti-CCP antibody content was 0.213，suggesting that the compatibility of the two components had synergistic effect. CONCLUSIONS： The compatibility of A. carmichaeli liposoluble alkaloids and total glucosides of peony in the treatment of wind-cold-dampness type bi-syndrome model rats has analgesia，anti-inflammation and synovial tissue protection， with synergistic efficacy-enhancing effect.

Study on Quality Standard for Peony Pollen Buccal Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for quality control of Peony pollen buccal tablets， and to provide reference for the formulation of quality standard. METHODS： TLC method was used for qualitative identification of paeoniflorin， kaempferol and luteolin in Peony pollen buccal tablets according to 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （part Ⅳ）. The contents of paeoniflorin and oxypaeoniflorin in Peony pollen buccal tablets were determined by dual-wavelength HPLC method [The determination was perform on Agilent TC-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile （A）-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （B） with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm for paeoniflorin and 258 nm for oxypaeoniflorin. Sample size was 20 μL]. RESULTS： TLC identification of paeoniflorin， kaempferol and luteolin showed that the same color characteristic spots of control chromatogram appeared in the corresponding positions of sample chromatogram without interference from negative samples. The linear range of paeoniflorin and oxypaeoniflorin were 7.2-86.4        μg/mL and 2.72-32.64 μg/mL（r≥0.999 7），respectively. The average recoveries were 99.12％ and 98.65％， and RSD were 1.54％ and 2.53％（n＝6），respectively. RSDs of precision （n＝6）， stability （n＝8） and reproducibility （n＝6） tests were all lower than 3.0％. CONCLUSIONS： The method is simple and reproducible， and can be used for quality control of Peony pollen buccal tablets.

Network pharmacology based study on mechanism of peony leaf in the treatment of cervical cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To analyze the multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of peony leaf in the treatment of cervical cancer based on network pharmacology. Methods The possible active components and targets in peony leaf were screened and predicted by pharmacological database and analysis platform of traditional Chinese medicine system,and the related targets of cervical cancer diseases were ob-tained by searching Therapeutic Target Database and others. The potential targets for the disease regulation were screened according to the active components of peony leaves entering blood,then the key target names and the pathways involved in the treatment of peony leaf were selected according to the network topological characteristic parameters. Then,the enrichment analysis was carried out by using ClueGO software plug-in. Results There were 194 target sites for 11 blood entry components in peony leaves. Finally,171 signal pathways were ob-tained,and 21 key pathways related to cervical cancer were obtained after the wide pathway was excluded,such as estrogen signaling pathway,neurotrophin signaling pathway and so on. Conclusion Peony leaves may play a vital role in the treatment of cervical cancer by acting on inflammatory,metabolic,immunological,endocrine and cell cycle related protein targets and pathways.

Enhancement of exposure and reduction of elimination for paeoniflorin or albiflorin via co-administration with total peony glucosides and hypoxic pharmacokinetics comparison / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF) are the major active components of total peony glucosides(TPG)from Paeonia lactiflora Pal,which have many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidation and anti-hypertension effects. The drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction among PF,AF and TPG,the pharmacokinetic comparisons of AF between hypoxia and normoxia,the transport of AF cross the blood-brain barrier cell model and the transport of AF/PF/TPG cross Caco-2 cell model were investigated.METHODS A highly sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS method with multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM)scanning via electrospray ionization(ESI)source operating both in the positive and negative ionization mode was successfully developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of PF and AF in rat plasma after an oral administration of PF,AF and TPG. RESULTS The validated and developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to simultaneously determine the AF and PF concentration in rat plasma and investigate pharmacokinetic interactions after a single intragastrical ad-ministration of PF,AF,co-administration of PF with AF and TPG,respectively.The elimination of both PF co-administered with AF and PF in TPG were slower than those for PF alone and the distribution in the tissues was wider.The combination of PF with AF or TPG could significantly increase the values of the AUC, MRT and t1/2of the drug PF, and reduce the values of CL of PF. From a comparison of the main pharmacokinetic parameters among AF alone, AF combined with PF and AF in TPG, the values of the MRT and t1/2of AF in TPG were greater than that of AF alone,and there were statistically signifi-cant differences in these parameters(P<0.05,P<0.01).It was also noticed that AUC and Cmaxof PF in hypoxia rats were significantly decreased compared with that of normaxia rats, suggesting that there was a decreased exposure of PF in rats under hypoxia. The multiple active components in TPG may lead to DDIs between some P-gp substrates. CONCLUSION The clinical performance of total peony glucosides would be better than that of single constitute. The outcomes of the study are expected to serve as a basis for development of clinical guidelines on total peony glucosides usage.

Effect of Acupuncture at Muscle Tendon and Supplemented Peony-Licorice Decoction on Spasticity after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese acupuncture-medcine on limb spasticity after stroke. Methods From April,2016 to October,2017,90 patients with limb spasticity after stroke were randomly divided into ba-sic rehabilitation group(n=30),baclofen group(n=30)and acupuncture-medicine group(n=30).All the groups accepted basic medical therapy and rehabilitation training,while the acupuncture-medicine group accepted acu-puncture at muscle tendon and Supplemented Peony-Licorice Decoction orally,and the baclofen group accepted baclofen orally.They were assessed with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)and modified Barthel index(MBI)before and four weeks after treatment,and the clinical effective rates were compared. Results The total effective rate of the basic rehabilitation group was 53.3%,and it was 66.7% in the baclofen group,and 86.7% in the acupuncture-medicine group.The scores of MAS,FMA and MBI significantly improved in all the groups after treatment(t>6.500,P<0.001),and improved the most in the acupuncture-medicine group(F>12.332, P<0.001).No adverse event was found during the treatment. Conclusion The integration of acupuncture and Chinese medicine in rehabilitation can further relieve the spasticity in pa-tients after stroke,and improve the motor function and activities of daily living.

Rapid determination of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in red peony root by near-infrared spectroscopy / 中草药

Objective To develop a method for the measurement of the content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in red peony root (the roots of Paeonia lactiflora, RPR) by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for quality rapid assessment. Methods A total of 65 RPR samples were collected from Sichuan, Zhejiang and Anhui of China, and then quantified the content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin by NIR and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Fifty-three samples were chosen as the calibration set, while the remaining 12 samples were assigned to external validation set. The calibration model of paeoniflorin and albiflorin was further developed by modified partial least squares (MPLS) using UPLC data as reference based on optimized spectral regions, pre-treament of spetrum and the number of principal divisors. The content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in unknown samples (validation model) was predicted according to the validation set of NIR. Results The standard errors of prediction (SEP) for the contents between the predicted value of NIR method and the estimated value of UPLC method were 1.437 2% for paeoniflorin and 0.784 3% for albiflorin, and their correlation coefficient (R) were 0.990 2 for paeoniflorin) and 0.994 4 for albiflorin in 53 calibration set samples. Moreover, the SEP and R of that in 12 validation set samples were 0.714 5%, 0.988 0% for paeoniflorin, and 0.632 4, 0.994 6 for albiflorin, respectively. The sum of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in RPR cultivated in Sichuan, Anhui, and Zhejiang province in China were 5.49%, 5.33%, and 4.81%, respectively. Conclusion NIR can quantify the amounts of paeoniflorin and albiflorin quickly and simultaneously in RPR for quality rapid assessment. The quality of RPR cultivated in Sichuan, Anhui, and Zhejiang is similar based on the sum of these two bioactive compounds without significant differences.

Efficacy and adverse reaction of total glucosides of paeony compared with vitamin B2 in recurrent aphthous ulcers / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore and analyze the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) and vitamin B2 in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) . Methods 120 patients of RAU were randomly divided into TGP group and vitamin B2 group, 60 cases in each group. The TGP group received TGP capsules after meals, three times a day, 0.6g/d. Vitamin B2 group received vitamin B2 tablets, three times a day, 5mg/d, 8 weeks for one course. The ulcer change, visual analogue scale (VAS) and efficacy were observed. Results After treatment, the VAS scores were significantly reduced in two groups(P<0.05), and the above indicators of TGP group were better than vitamin B2 group(P<0.05). The total efficacy in TGP group was higher than that in vitamin B2 group (P<0.05). There was minor adverse reactions in TGP group and no significant adverse reactions in vitamin B2 group.Conclusion TGP has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers. The TGP has significant effect than that of vitamin B2.

Acitretin combined with total glucosides of peony for psoriasis:a Meta analysis / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse reaction of acitretin combined with total glucosides of peony for patients with psoriasis.Methods Clinical controlled trials that compared acitretin with combination therapy of acitretin and total glucosides of peony for patients with psoriasis were searched in the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase and so on(from establishment to October 2016).All extractive data analysis was performed by Review Manage version 5.3 after the data was extracted and the quality was assessed according to the inclusion criteria.Results A total of 8 articles were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate[OR=3.15,95％CI(2.04,4.86),P0.05).Conclusion Acitretin combined with total glucosides of peony for patients with psoriasis can improve the clinical efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse reaction.

Research progress of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of total glucosides of peony in hepatoprotective effects / 中国中药杂志

Total glucosides of peony (TGP), containing the effective components of paeoniflorin (Pae), albiflorin (Alb) and so on, are effective parts of Radix Paeoniae Alba. And it possesses extensive pharmacological actions, one of which is hepatoprotective effect. In recent years, abundant of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics research of TGP in hepatoprotective effects have been performed. However, the relative medicine of TGP in hepatoprotective effect has not been developed for clinical application. In order to provide reference for the development and rational clinical application of TGP, the research progresses of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TGP in hepatoprotective effect were summarized in this paper. Pharmacokinetics research has clarified the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of TGP in vivo, and liver injury disease can significantly influence its metabolic processes. Pharmacodynamics studies suggested that TGP can protect against acute liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), chronic liver fibrosis and liver cancer. However, the action mechanism and in vivo process about hepatoprotective effects of TGP have not been clearly revealed. How liver injury influences the metabolism of TGP and its integrated regulation through multiple targets need to be further studied. The combined pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies should be performed in favour of medicine development and clinical application of TGP in hepatoprotective effects.

Distribution of Metabolites in Root Barks of Seven Tree Peony Cultivars for Quality Assessment Using NMR-based Metabolomics / 中草药·英文版

Objective To determine the distribution of metabolites in the root barks of different tree peony cultivars for quality assessment. Methods Seven tree peony phenotypic cultivars with different colors were systematically analyzed using NMR-based metabolomics. Results A total of 16 metabolites from their methanol extracts were simultaneously identified and quantified, including one primary metabolite (sucrose) and 15 secondary ones (acetophenones, phenolics, monoterpene glycosides, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids). The quantitative data indicated that sucrose (90-180 mg/g) and acetophenones (15-100 mg/g), and non-phenolics, monoterpene glycosides, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids (2-15 mg/g) were the major metabolites in these tree peony cultivars. The significantly increasing levels of paeonoside with bioactivity were observed in “Xiangyu”, “Wujinyaohui”, “Roufurong”, “Yaohuang”, “Zhaofen”, “Doulű”, and “Yingrihong” in order. Opposite trends in the levels of paeonoside and paeonol were observed in “Xiangyu” and “Yingrihong”, suggesting that the changes of the secondary metabolites in plants were influenced by primary metabolites, such as sucrose/glucose, and the different physiological processes occurred in different tree peony cultivars. Conclusion “Yingrihong” with red flower has the highest medicine quality whereas “Xiangyu” with white flower has the worst one based on the content of paeonoside.

Determination of ten stilbenes and their antioxidant activity of peony seed coat, seed kernel and seed coat extracts / 中国中药杂志

The seed of tree peony and herbaceous peony contained a variety of stilbenes which possess many pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, allergy and neuraminidase inhibition. In order to develop and use peony seed resources, a simple and sensitive HPLC-DAD was developed for simultaneous determination of 10 stilbenes in peony samples, i.e.,suffruticosol A,suffruticosol B,suffruticosol C,trans-resveratrol,cis-ε-viniferin,trans-ε-viniferin,cis-suffruticosol D,cis-gnetin H,trans-suffruticosol D and trans-gnetin H. At the same time, the scavenging activity of DPPH free radicals was employed to evaluate their antioxidant effect. The results showed that the 10 stilbenes are mainly present in peony seed coat (total content of more than 16.7%) compared to peony seed kernel (total content less than 0.3%), and can be enriched in the extract of peony seed coat (total content of more than 75%) The extract of peony seed coat and 10 stilbenes exhibited significant antioxidant properties. This work provides a foundation for comprehensive utilization of the tree peony and herbaceous peony seed resources.

Correlation between active components alignment and medicinal function of Peony and Licorice decoction / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To study the change regulation of nine compounds(oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoyl-paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin) in Peony and Licorice decoction, and analyze the correlation between therapeutical effects and active components alignment. Methods: Classical prescription Peony and Licorice decoction (Shanghanlun) were taken as the carrier, five different combinations of Peony and Licorice decoction were used as the control, and the content was determined by HPLC-DAD. Results: The contents of nine compounds of different combinations of Peony and Licorice decoction was(mg/ml): Shanghanlun 1.92, 0.90, 3.51, 0.53, 8.35, 3.16, 0.77, 0.77 and 0.15; Chuanxinshiyongfang 0.92, 0.45, 1.62, 0.37, 0.78, 0.34, 0.06, 0.10 and 0.01, Zhushijiyanfang A 1.59, 0.82, 3.28, 0.49, 3.15, 1.10, 0.27, 0.44 and 0.08, Zhushijiyan-fang B 1.14, 0.52, 2.12, 0.41, 2.92, 0.97, 0.22, 0.36 and 0.06, Weishijiacangfang 1.38, 0.59, 2.70, 0.43, 2.40, 0.35, 0.06, 0.10 and 0.01, Yi-menbafang 1.52, 0.67, 2.91, 0.45, 3.00, 1.07, 0.24, 0.42 and 0.07. Conclusion: 1. The change regulation of the nice compounds was Shang-hanlun>Zhushi-jiyanfang A > Yimenbafang, oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin in Zhushijiyanfang B Weishijia cangfang. chuanxinshiy-ongfang has the the lowest content of the nine compounds. 2. Total contents and proportion of the nine compounds are different due to different compatibility. The clinical curative effect is also different. Total contents of the nine compounds in Shanghanlun were 20.06 mg/ml which is used to relieve pain in the legs, in Zhushijiyanfang A was 8.72 mg/ml which is used to relieve pain caused by diabetes, in Zhushijiyanfang B was 8.72 mg/ml which is used to treat foot weakness, in Chuanxinshiyong-fang was 4.65 mg/ml which is used to treat wet beriberi, in Weishijiacangfang was 8.02 mg/ml which is used to treat wet beriberi, in Yimenbafang was 10.35 mg/ml which is used to treat peratodynia.

Study on Drug Pair of Cassia Twig and White Peony Root by HPLC/MS Analysis Based on Theory of“Xin-Gan Hua-Yang and Suan-Gan Hua-Yin” / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study the different clinical characteristics using drug pair of Cassia twig and white peony root with the contents ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. Based on the different clinical treatment of drug pair of Cas-sia twig and white peony root, different compositional ingredients in ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 were illuminated by HPLC/MS method. The drug pair of Cassia twig and white peony roots in ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 and single herbs were ex-tracted for HPLC/MS analysis. A protocol was followed, including acetonitrile - 0.1% acetic acid with gradient elution, positive mode, 350℃ capillary temperature and 300℃ vaporization temperature. The results showed that Procyanidol B2 and 2-Hydroxy cinnamal dehyde can be extracted from single Cassia twig, but 2-Hydroxy cinna-mal dehyde cannot be detected in drug pair. It showed the contents of Procyanidol B2 in 1:1 ratio was more than 1:2 ratio. Simultaneously, Palbinone, paeoniflorin sulfonate, 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, Paeoniflorin, Pae-oniflorin isomers, Benzoylpaeo-niflorin, and Benzoyl Paeoniflorin isomers can also be dissolved in white peony root. In addition, the contents of 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, Paeoniflorin, Benzoylpaeo-niflorin, and Benzoyl Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:1 were more than 1:2. The contents of Palbinone, paeoniflorin sulfonate and Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:2 were more than 1:1. It was concluded that Procyanidol B2, 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, Paeoniflorin, Benzoylpaeo-niflorin and Benzoyl Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:1 were more than 1:2. The contents of Pal-binone, Paeoniflorin sulfonate and Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:2 were more than 1:1. It provided a scientific basis for traditional Chinese medicine treatment using rational drug pair.

Effect of Different Compatibility of Aconite and Peony in Zhenwu Decoction on Renal Inflammation in Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the intervention effect of different compatibility of aconite and peony in Zhenwu Decoction on experimental nephritis in rats, and explore the connotation of suitable fire and evil fire. Methods Sixty experimental rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, valsartan group, high aconite and low peony group, aconite and peony equivalent group, low aconite and high peony group. All rats except the blank group were made glomerulonephritis model by tail vein injection of monoclonal antibody 1-22-3. Rats were gived continuous gavage administration (blank group and model group were lavaged with NS) after modeling, and killed 2 weeks later. The morphological change of kidney tissues and serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 levels were observed. Results The valsartan group, aconite and peony equivalent group, low aconite and high peony group inhibited the rats mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion significantly, so as the level of hs-CRP, TNF-αand IL-6. The effect of aconite and peony equivalent group was better than low aconite and high peony group, but inferior to valsartan group, while high aconite and low peony group accelerated the progress of the disease. Conclusion The different compatibility of aconite and peony in Zhenwu Decoction has resistance and proinflammatory effect on renal inflammation.