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OBJECTIVE：To study the r elationship between corporate social responsibility ，financing constraints and corporate performance of listed pharmaceutical companies ，so as to provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to fulfill their social responsibility in China. METHODS ：Taking 211 A-share listed pharmaceutical companies in China from 2015 to 2018 as samples ， using corporate performance as explained variables ，corporate social responsibility and financing constraints as explanatory variables，asset size ，equity nature ，growth，R&D investment ，marketing investment and annual as control variables ，a multiple regression equation was constructed to study the relationship among corporate social responsibility performance ，financial constraints and corporate performance and put forward the suggestions. RESULTS ：Corporate social responsibility had a significant positive impact on corporate financial performance ；in the promotion of corporate social responsibility on corporate performance ， finacing constratins couldn ’t inhibit the promote function. CONCLUSIONS ：In China ’s pharmaceutical industry ，the awareness of corporate social responsibility needs to be improved ；pharmaceutical enterprises actively perform social responsibility will interactively promote corporate performance. The overall financial constraints faced by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises are not high，and enterprises which facing financial constraints will better improve their performance by fulfilling corporate social responsibility. It is suggested that the government should promote the legislative process of corporate social responsibility ； pharmaceutical enterprises should enhance the awareness of social responsibility and pay attention to the impact of financing constraints；investors should pay real-time attention to the responsibility information and actual performance of pharmaceutical enterprises.
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Objective: We conducted a survey on drug information accumulated by pharmaceutical companies about the adequacy of administration of crushed or simply suspended internal medicines through enteral feeding tube, examination methods to confirm adequacy and inquiries from medical institutions to pharmaceutical companies about the adequacy of these methods.Methods: We sent a questionnaire to 162 pharmaceutical companies that sell internal medicines to collect information. The survey was conducted from May 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017.Results: The questionnaire response rate was 61% (99 companies responded). Eighty and 90 percent of the companies possessed information about the drug crushing methods and simple suspension methods used for administration of internal medicines,respectively. The type of information and examination methods used varied among the companies, was very limited, and was often limited to new drugs. The information acquisition rate about crushing methods was 69.3% in original examination methods of pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, 90.3% of the information about simple suspension methods was obtained by the unified method of Hand Book of Simple Suspension Method.Conclusions: In the future, medical practice and patients will benefit if examination methods to confirm the adequacy of crushing and administration through feeding tubes are commonly and consistently obtained by pharmaceutical companies. Furthermore, it would be very useful for information of crushing methods and simple suspension methods to be included in package inserts and interview forms.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the representative cases of large-scale mergers and acquisitions in the global pharmaceutical industry in order to form a reference for domestic pharmaceutical companies to use for reference in the scientific development of M&A strategy and transformation.METHODS: By reviewing relevant literature and information at home and abroad, and combining specific case studies, the status and trends of mergers and acquisitions in the global pharmaceutical industry in recent years were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, the number of mergers and acquisitions cases in the global pharmaceutical industry is numerous, and the amount involved in mergers and acquisitions is relatively large. From 2013 to 2015, the number and amount of M&A transactions in global pharmaceutical companies are on the rise. In 2015, it became the year of mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry. This shows that some pharmaceutical companies are facing patent expiration of their major profitable products. The new drug development process has encountered many difficulties and faced pressure to expand product lines, expand market share, and increase core competitiveness, further contributing to corporate mergers and reorganizations. From 2016 to 2017, the number and amount of M&A transactions declined, and M&A activities were different from the target audience, M&A motives and methods, and the companies were more cautious. This article discusses mergers and acquisitions trends in the global pharmaceutical industry, major businesses involved in mergers and acquisitions, and active pharmaceutical companies and their characteristics, and analyzes the development trends of global pharmaceutical industry mergers and acquisitions for domestic pharmaceutical companies and industry managers to reference.
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BACKGROUND: Currently establishment of public pharmaceutical companies became an issue for securing stable supply of national essential drugs in order to respond appropriately to national public health crisis. Pharmacy students as future pharmacists need to be interested in drug related issues under the discussion in our society. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of pharmacy students on the national drug supply strategy through public pharmaceutical companies. METHODS: A 20-items questionnaire designed for this study was used. Pharmacy students nationwide were enrolled in July 2017. They responded to questions through on-line survey program. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: 160 students from 26 pharmacy schools participated. 5th and 6th grade students accounted for two-thirds, and one third aspired future jobs in pharmaceutical industry. Among responders, 71.3% was unaware of current national essential drugs, 52.5% did not know the Rare and Essential Drug Center, and 91.9% was unaware of the legislation on the supply and management of essential drugs. 82.5% favored the establishment of public pharmaceutical companies. 80.6% agreed that government should intervene in pharmaceutical market for ensuring drug accessibilities, 73.8% agreed that public pharmaceutical companies make possible to reach a goal of stable supply of pharmaceuticals, and 85.1% agreed that active compulsory license by public pharmaceutical companies is necessary. CONCLUSION: We found that pharmacy students recognized the need for governmental control to achieve social values of pharmaceuticals. More attention and participation of the pharmacy students as well as pharmacists in the process of national debate on public pharmaceutical companies are expected.
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To explore the problems in environmental governance of pharmaceutical industry in China,based on the conclusion that the US has done,then propose ways for environmental management to be applied to the pharmacutical industry in China,including strengthening the ecological property research;to transite the government regulation to common control by the government and the market;to speed up the disclosure of environmental information about pharmaceutical enterprise;to try contractual governance within the pharmaceutical industry;to explore sustainable development mechanism of the Evironmental Non-governmental Orgnization(ENGO);to advocate that popularizing of environmental protection knowledge scientific,to support the dissemination of science socialized.
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There are few new drugs for psychiatric disorders, and many pharmaceutical companies have withdrawn from neuroscience research. Pharmaceutical companies are therefore reducing their involvement with psychiatry, which includes a reduction in organizing and funding educational activities. This editorial looks at how psychiatrists of the future will update their knowledge and learn about new treatments, concluding that there may well be an overall reduction in the amount and quality of continuing education available for psychiatrists working in clinical practice. There may be difficulties learning about the safe and effective use of new treatments such as neurostimulation therapies. Psychiatrists will need to be more proactive in seeking education, make better use of online resources, and demand more of hospitals, universities and professional colleges.
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Background: For a long time, the domestic pharmaceutical companies have performed Public Relation (PR) activities to help their business and ensure good relations with their customers. However, the effects of the pharmaceutical companies\u2019 PR activities were not high. Objective: To discover the actual circumstances of PR for a number of pharmaceutical companies in Viet Nam in recent years. Subjects and method: Subjects were the PR activities of pharmaceutical companies through the relations with various public groups. This was a descriptive, retrospective and observational study. Results: The pharmaceutical companies were more and more interested in relations with the public through sponsorship programs. Client relations had been consolidated after health consultancies, customer conferences, workshops, trade fairs, etc\u2026 The image of domestic pharmaceutical companies has appeared more often on mass media. Internal PR activities had built the culture of business and cemented relations between the company and employees. Investment and distribution relations had lagged behind.Conclusions: The PR activities of the pharmaceutical companies appeared to be more varied through relations with various public groups, making contributions to the development of the company.
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Objectives : Pharmaceutical companies in Japan can attach pharmacoeconomic (PE) data to their application for new drug prices covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI) system since 1992. To examine the present state of PE studies in Japan by investigating the situation of PE data attachments and their details and also to identify problems concerning how to reflect the PE information in new drug pricing, a questionnaire-based survey of pharmaceutical companies was conducted.<BR>Method : The survey covered 115 drugs filed by the members of the Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), which are among the 137 drugs listed between June 20, 1997, when the NHI drug price formula was published, and November 17, 2000. Questionnaires were returned on 114 of the 115 drugs studied and the response rate was 99%.<BR>Results : PE data was attached to 37 of the 114 drugs (32%) at the time of application. The ratio of applications accompanied by PE data tended to be decreased from 1998. No significant relation was observed between a premium for a drug and the attachment of PE data. The most common method used in the attached PE data was cost-effective analysis (14 of 37 drugs ; 38%), followed by cost-benefit analysis (7 drugs) and cost-minimization analysis (6 drugs). Cost-utility analysis was not applied to any of the 37 drugs.<BR>Discussion : Compared with overseas PE studies, Japanese studies were found to be less comparable with one another due to the lack of a uniform system of research and reporting results. Other problems observed included insufficient epidemiological data for analysis and difficulty in the cost data collection. The questionnaire-based survey revealed that Japan needs to set guidelines for PE studies and to establish epidemiological and cost databases for these research activities. It also suggested the necessity of reviewing the present method of clinical tests so that economic parameters for PE analysis and QOL may be obtained from these tests.
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Objective : To identify the issues in conducting pharmacoeconomics (PE) studies at pharmaceutical companies in Japan.<BR>Methods : A questionnaire survey on the conditions of PE studies was conducted for the pharmaceutical companies that are members in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Tokyo. Seventy-seven of 94 member companies participated, an 82% response rate. The survey covered the following topics with regard to the companies : the number of applications of PE data for the new drug pricing process, the timing and phases to conduct a PE analysis, a recognition of the necessity for PE analysis, and issues for conducting optimum PE analysis.<BR>Results : Out of 77 responding companies, 36 companies (47%) answered that they conduct PE analysis at their regulatory affair department in order to submit supplemental applications for the drug pricing process to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. However, only 42% companies of approved drugs since April 1997 were actually submitted with PE data for the drug pricing review. Seventy-seven percent of companies recognized the necessity for PE analysis for the drugs. On the other hand, they did not perceive PE as a useful tool for negotiating drug prices with the Japanese government. Major issues for PE analysis to be conducted are ; lack of Japanese guidelines and epidemiological databases, lack of transparency in the method which reflects the data for the policy making, and lack of companies'initiative.<BR>Conclusion : Establishment of a Japanese guideline for PE studies will be important for companies to conduct accurate and reliable PE studies. The Japanese government should disclose the process of using the PE data for policy making. At the same time, it is necessary for the companies to be more spontaneous in their PE studies.
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The pharmaceutical market in Vietnam met the needs of disease prevention and care in which the foreign pharmaceutical companies contributed to this aspect. However, the activities of foreign pharmaceutical companies mainly focused the trading. Their investment in the drug manufacture was limited and was only on the popular drugs
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Financial Management , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
For the recent 15 years, in order to change the business as new mechanism, the National pharmaceutical company No I has upgraded, perfected the technical basis, materials and facility, profession. In which the human resource was considered as a most important factor for the development and integration
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Chemistry, PharmaceuticalABSTRACT
Objective : We sent out a questionnaire to major European pharmaceutical companies in attempt to determine the actual situation of European pharmacoeconomical activity.<BR>The questionnaire is expected to provide information which would be useful, when we, Japanese pharmaceutical companies monitor pharmacoeconomical activity to observe and estimate how the Japanese medical system is now changing and will change in the future.<BR>Methods : The questionnaires were sent directly to the headquarters in Europe or to subsidiaries of multinational companies which have their subsidiaries in Germany, the UK and France.<BR>Results : It was clear that there is no legal obligation to submit a pharmacoeconomical report as data for filing as a new drug and/or for filing for official drug price list in Germany, the UK and France. Of the three countries, the report made the best use of sales promotion in the UK. On the other hand, it was the least used in Germany.<BR>In France, the major purpose of the report was to explain to governmental authority the reason why the price for a new drug was set as such.<BR>Conclusion : Each country's pharmacoeconomical activities as surveyed by its pharmaceutical companies has particular characteristics. The contents of the activity depends on what type of users there are, for example, governmental administration, medical institution, health insurer etc. and it also depends on the expectations of the social environment regarding the economy and efficiency of medical treatment.<BR>It is necessary for us, Japanese pharmaceutical companies to have great considerartion for such social environment, when we consider pharmacoeconomical activity in Japan.