Los hábitos de vida saludables en relación al autoconcepto físico en taekwondokas ecuatorianos en tiempos de la pandemia "COVID 19"

La práctica de taekwondo, en el confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID 19, guarda relación con los hábitos de vida saludables y autoconcepto físico. En tal sentido, se determinó como el objetivo de esta investigación identificar las relaciones que puedan producirse entre las respuestas al CAF (Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico) y hábitos de vida saludables de los practicantes de taekwondo a nivel nacional. Se implementó un diseño ex post facto de carácter retrospectivo y correlacional, donde las variables independientes no son susceptibles de manipulación, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico discrecional, cuya muestra la componen 423 deportistas de taekwondo entre 12 y 58 años. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF) y el Cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludables. Los resultados, comprueban la importancia de los entrenamientos en confinamiento de taekwondo como aporte de una vida saludable, en relación con su propia percepción del autoconcepto físico de los participantes. Se concluyó que la práctica del taekwondo en época de pandemia aportó significativamente en el cuidado y desarrollo de los hábitos de vida saludables.

A prática do Taekwondo, no confinamento da pandemia da COVID-19, está relacionada a hábitos de vida saudáveis e ao autoconceito físico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as relações que podem ocorrer entre as respostas ao CAF (Questionário de Autoconceito Físico) e os hábitos de vida saudável dos praticantes de Taekwondo em nível nacional. Foi implementado um projeto retrospectivo e correlacional ex post facto, em que as variáveis independentes não são suscetíveis de manipulação. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística discreta, com uma amostra de 423 atletas de taekwondo entre 12 e 58 anos de idade. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário de Autoconceito Físico (CAF) e o Questionário de Hábitos de Estilo de Vida Saudável. Os resultados comprovam a importância do treinamento de confinamento do taekwondo como contribuição para um estilo de vida saudável, em relação à percepção dos próprios participantes sobre seu autoconceito físico. Concluiu-se que a prática do taekwondo em tempos de pandemia contribuiu significativamente para o cuidado e o desenvolvimento de hábitos de vida saudáveis.

The practice of Taekwondo, in the confinement of the COVID19 pandemic, is related to healthy lifestyle habits and physical self-concept. In this sense, the objective of this research was determined to identify the relationships that may occur between the responses to the CAF (Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire) and healthy lifestyle habits of Taekwondo practitioners nationwide. An ex post facto design of a retrospective and correlational nature was implemented, where the independent variables are not susceptible to manipulation, a discretionary non-probabilistic sampling was used, which sample is made up of 423 taekwondo athletes between 12 and 58 years old. The participants completed the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Healthy Life Habits questionnaire. The results prove the importance of Taekwondo confinement training as a contribution to a healthy life, in relation to their own perception of the participants' physical self-concept. It was concluded that the practice of taekwondo during the pandemic contributed significantly to the care and development of healthy lifestyle habits.

Caracterización de la identidad digital en estudiantes chilenos de ciencias de la salud. Un estudio de caso según género / Characteristics of the current digital identity in Chilean students. A case study by gender in the area of Health Sciences

Resumen Las huellas digitales que se dejan al participar de un mundo altamente digitalizado e hiperconectado acompañan a los individuos durante toda su vida y son elementos constitutivos de la identidad digital. Este estudio de caso de tipo descriptivo, no experimental, de corte transversal basado en el paradigma cuantitativo tiene por objetivo describir el yo físico en medios digitales,considerando las diferencias prresentes según el género bajo su conceptualización binaria de hombre y mujer, de manera de identificar conductas estereotípicas que debiesen ser consideradas en el proceso formativo en estudiantes del área de ciencias de la salud chilenos. Se evaluó a 224 estudiantes universitarios a través de una encuesta, para identificar el tipo de información de su yo físico compartido en la red y cuáles son los medios de conectividad que utilizan para ingresar a la red. En términos generales, se concluyó que los universitarios utilizan preferentemente el celular como dispositivo de acceso a internet, son altamente transparentes y veraces al momento de autentificarse en plataformas y redes sociales, pero son las mujeres las más proclives a autentificarse con datos personales fidedignos. Este hecho abre la necesidad de incluir en el proceso formativo de los futuros profesionales de la salud competencias digitales relativas al autocuidado y la gestión identitaria.

Abstract The fingerprints left by participating in a highly digitized and hyper-connected world accompany individuals throughout their lives and are constitutive elements of their digital identity. This descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional case study based on the quantitative paradigm aims to describe the physical self in digital media, according to gender under its binary conceptualization of man and woman, in order to identify stereotypical gender behaviors that should be considered in the training process in students of the Chilean Health Sciences area. From the perspective of the participants, this research considered a non-probabilistic sample of 224 university students (164 women and 60 men) who participated voluntarily. Nonparametric tests were used since the data is ordinal and one of the advantages of these tests is that they should not fit any distribution and can be applied even if the parametric validity conditions are not met. To look for differences by gender, the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test was applied (95 %; .05). Among the relevant results is the fact that men preferably use the internet connection available at home, women choose the one provided by their cell phone (p = .0469 and p = .0404, respectively). Likewise, the cellphone is the main technological device from which both prefer to access the network. From the sample, 79.88 % of women and 76.67 % of men state that they are, at least, 3 hours a day connected to the network. Women tend to identify themselves on digital platforms more frequently than men, using their real name and surname. Meanwhile, men tend to use nicknames more often than women. In this research it was concluded that students in the Health Sciences area are highly truthful in relation to the information they share in digital media, leaving data available that allows for a clear identification of their physical self on the internet. In addition, their main means of connection are their cellphones and the data networks that they provide through the use of their phone plans. There is a clear reflection of correspondence between their face-to-face and digital life, maintaining certain behaviors that can be attributed to gender stereotypes, but to a low degree. Finally, there is a clear need to include aspects related to digital competences in the training process that address the importance and proper management of communications in digital media, as well as the development and management of digital identity from a professional ethics perspective, since their actions on the network can involve and affect not only the construction of their own personal and professional digital identity, but also the personal lives of their patients and colleagues. It is important to note that these conclusions have some limitations, since this research is a cross-sectional study, and the sample was intentional per volunteer subject and not random. This implies that the results obtained are limited to the sample studied and describe its behavior at a given time. However, according to the purpose of the study, this type of sample manages to build a theoretical body that describes the common elements and the differences inherent in a collective case study, so it can be considered a good approximation to the Chilean reality. From a practical point of view, the conclusions of this research provide higher education institutions with evidence that allows progress towards a comprehensive, solid, and coherent training regarding the digital skills required by a university professional graduating in a highly digitized world. Considering the above, it would be advisable to advance in future studies that consider knowing what digital protection measures are incorporated in the training of university students.

Effect of online acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention on psychological flexibility of undergraduate students with facial negative physical self / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of online acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) group intervention on psychological flexibility of undergraduate students with facial negative physical self.Methods:From March to June 2022, thirty-two undergraduates with facial negative physical self-image were recruited, assessed and selected from a university in Zhejiang Province.The subjects were randomly divided into the training group( n=16) and the control group( n=16). The training group received 20 days of online ACT group intervention, while the control group kept waiting.The cognitive fusion questionnaire(CFQ), acceptance and action questionnaire version Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ) and negative physical self scale-face(NPSS-F) were used to measure the two groups before and after intervention and 1 month after intervention.Repeated measurement analysis of variance(ANOVA) conducted was used to compare scale results with SPSS 26.0. Results:(1)The interaction effect between group and time of CFQ scores was statistically significant( F(1.625, 48.755)=4.316, P=0.025, ηp2=0.126). After intervention, the CFQ score of the training group was significantly lower than those of the control group(34.38±8.66, 40.94±8.82, P<0.05). The CFQ scores of the training group after intervention and 1 month after intervention(36.00±9.49) were both significantly lower than those before intervention(41.87±8.72, all P<0.05). (2)The interaction effect between group and time of AAQ-Ⅱ scores was marginally statistically significant( F(2, 29)=3.009, P=0.065, ηp2=0.172). After intervention, the AAQ-Ⅱ score of the training group was significantly lower than those of the control group(24.12±4.97, 28.69±6.78, P<0.05). The AAQ-Ⅱ score of the training group after intervention was significantly lower than those before intervention(28.75±6.11, P<0.05). (3)The interaction effect between group and time of NPSS-F scores was not statistically significant( F(2, 29)=1.509, P=0.238, ηp2=0.094), while the main effect of time was marginally statistically significant between the two groups( F(2, 29)=3.315, P=0.051, ηp2=0.186). The NPSS-F score of the training group after intervention was significantly lower than those before intervention(16.06±6.67, 18.81±7.85, P<0.05). Conclusion:Online ACT group intervention can effectively reduce the cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance of undergraduate students with facial negative physical self, then can improve their psychological flexibility.

Impact of physical self-efficacy on physical activity and physical health among university students / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the impact of physical self-efficacy on physical activity and physical health among university students, so as to provide insights into formulation of the strategy to improve physical activity and physical health among university students.@*Methods@#Freshmen and sophomores were sampled from a university in Guangzhou City using a convenience sampling method from December 2021 to April 2022. Students' demographics and types of sport exercises were collected using questionnaire surveys. Physical self-efficacy was tested using the Physical Self-efficacy Scale, and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short, while physical health was evaluated using the school physical health standard test. The associations of physical self-efficacy with physical activity and physical health were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 4 171 questionnaires were allocated, and 3 811 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a effective recovery rate of 91.37%. The respondents included 1 582 males (41.51%) and 2 229 females (58.49%), and included 1 967 freshmen (51.61%) and 1 844 sophomores (48.39%). The median score of physical self-efficacy was 36 (interquartile range, 7) points, and there were 1 777 students reaching the national standard of physical activity (46.63%) and 1 112 students with excellent and good physical health (29.18%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that physical self-efficacy was a promoting factor for the proportion of reaching the national standard of physical activity (OR=1.054, 95%CI: 1.043-1.064) and excellent and good physical health (OR=1.109, 95%CI: 1.096-1.122) after adjustment for gender, grade, specialty and source of students. @*Conclusion@#The improvement of physical self-efficacy may increase the proportion of reaching the national standard of physical activity and excellent and good physical health among university students.

The study on the relationship among negative physical self,fear of negative evaluation, physical appearance perfectionism and social appearance anxiety in female patients with psoriasis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the relationship between physical appearance perfectionism, negative body self, fear of negative evaluation and social appearance anxiety in female patients with psoriasis.Methods:A total of 251 female patients with psoriasis in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the subjects. Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PPAS), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNES) and Negetive Physical Self Scale (Npss) were used in the survey. The correlation of negative body self and negative evaluation fear between the appearance perfectionism and social appearance anxiety of female psoriasis patients was analyzed.Results:The score of physical appearance perfectionism was 49.42±5.32, the score of social appearance anxiety was 58.72±6.24, the score of fear of negative evaluation was 30.59±7.21 and the score of negative physical self was 29.21±6.24. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation among physical appearance perfectionism, social appearance anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and negative physical self ( r value was 0.402-0.488, P<0.01). The mediating effect of negative physical self between physical appearance perfectionism and social appearance anxiety was 0.164 (95% CI 0.082-0.227), the mediating effect of negative body self between physical appearance perfectionism and social appearance anxiety was 0.152 (95% CI 0.079-0.214) and the chain mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation and negative physical self was 0.067 (95% CI 0.025-0.108). Conclusions:Female patients with psoriasis have a high level of physical appearance perfectionism, which can directly affect their social anxiety, while fear of negative evaluation and negative physical self indirectly affect the correlation between appearance perfectionism and social appearance anxiety. Psychological intervention measures should be taken to reduce their psychological burden on their own appearance defects and carry out social anxiety and fear.

Desarrollo de la Imagen corporal, la autoestima y el autoconcepto físico al finalizar la Educación Primaria / Development of Body Image, Self-esteem and Physical self-Concept at the end of Primary Education

Resumen En este trabajo se analiza la relación entre la satisfacción con la imagen corporal, la autoestima y el autoconcepto físico. Los participantes fueron 310 alumnos, de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria, y 22 profesores en activo, de la zona educativa Motril-Costa (España). Como técnicas cuantitativas, se utilizaron: el Cuestionario de Siluetas Corporales, Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Como técnica cualitativa, se utilizó la entrevista semi-estrucutrada. Los resultados muestran que difiere la imagen que tienen y que les gustaría tener. También se aprecia que los chicos tienen un mayor nivel de autoestima. Son las chicas las que se consideran menos hábiles para realizar actividad física y disfrutan en menor medida de estas actividades.

Abstract In this paperis analyzed the relationshipbetween satisfaction withbody image,self-esteem andphysical self.Participants were310students,grades 5 and 6primary and22practicing teachers,the educationalareaMotril-Costa (Spain). Asquantitative techniquesQuestionnairebody silhouettes, Physical SelfQuestionnaire and theRosenbergSelf-Esteem Scale.Asthe qualitative technique was used semi-structured interview. The results show thatdifferent fromthe image they haveand would like tohave.It is also appreciatedthat the boyshave a higher levelofself-esteem.It isthe girls whoare consideredless abletoenjoyphysical activityandto a lesser extentof these activities.

Asociación entre condición fisica y autoconcepto fisico en estudiantes españoles de 12-16 años / Association between physical fitness and physical self-concept in 12-16 year-old spanish schoolchildren

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo fue examinar la asociación de la fuerza muscular, potencia aeróbica y composición corporal con el autoconcepto físico en adolescentes de diferente sexo. Un total de 1816 adolescentes españoles (12-16 años) participaron en este estudio transversal. Se administró el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico, las pruebas de fuerza muscular y potencia aeróbica de la batería ALPHA y se calculó el índice de masa corporal a partir de medidas objetivas. Los análisis de regresión logística mostraron que los adolescentes de ambos sexos con baja fuerza muscular, potencia aeróbica y con sobrepeso u obesidad tuvieron significativamente mayores odds ratios de reportar autoconcepto físico bajo. Los resultados de la asociación entre fuerza muscular y autoconcepto físico fueron sensibles al sexo y a la prueba de evaluación. Unos niveles de condición física saludable estuvieron asociados con el autoconcepto físico positivo en adolescentes. La influencia del sexo en esta asociación debe considerarse cuando se busque mejorar el autoconcepto físico.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the association of muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition with physical self-concept in adolescents of different sex. A total of 1816 Spanish adolescents (aged 12-16) participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical Self-concept Questionnaire and ALPHA battery tests were administered to evaluate muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index was calculated from objective measurements. Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents of both genders with low muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, and overweight had significantly higher odds ratios of showing a low physical self-concept. The results of the association between muscular fitness and physical self-concept were sensitive to gender and the evaluation test. Healthy fitness levels were associated with a positive physical self-concept in adolescents. Gender differences should be considered when seeking to enhance physical self-concept.

Physical self-efficacy is associated to body mass index in schoolchildren / Autoeficácia física associada ao índice de massa corporal em crianças em idade escolar

Abstract: Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical self-efficacy and body mass index in a large sample of schoolchildren. Methods: The Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children was administered to 1560 children (50.4% boys; 8-12 years) from three different countries. Weight and height were also recorded to obtain the body mass index. Results: In agreement with the literature, the boys reported greater perceived physical self-efficacy than girls. Moreover, the number of boys who are obese is double that of girls, while the number of boys who are underweight is half that found in girls. In the linear regression model, the increase in body mass index was negatively related to the physical self-efficacy score, differently for boys and girls. Furthermore, age and nationality also were predictors of low physical self-efficacy only for girls. Conclusion: The results of this study reinforce the importance of psychological aspect of obesity, as the perceived physical self-efficacy and body mass index were negatively associated in a sample of schoolchildren for boys and girls.

Resumo: Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a autoeficácia física e o índice de massa corporal em uma grande amostra de crianças em idade escolar. Métodos: A Escala de Capacidade Física Percebida para Crianças foi administrada a 1.560 crianças (50,4% meninos; 8-12 anos) de três países diferentes. O peso e a altura também foram registrados para obter o índice de massa corporal. Resultados: De acordo com a literatura, os meninos relataram maior autoeficácia física percebida do que as meninas. Além disso, o número de meninos obesos é o dobro do de meninas, ao passo que o número de meninos abaixo do peso é metade do de meninas. No modelo de regressão linear, o aumento no índice de massa corporal foi negativamente relacionado ao escore de autoeficácia física, diferentemente em meninos e meninas. Além disso, a idade e a nacionalidade também foram preditoras de autoeficácia física baixa apenas para meninas. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a importância do aspecto psicológico da obesidade, uma vez que a autoeficácia física percebida e o índice de massa corporal foram negativamente associados em uma amostra de crianças em idade escolar para meninos e meninas.

Explicit physical self and its correlation with their implicit physical self in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between explicit and implicit physical self among contemporary college students.Methods:A total of 485 college students were recruited,with 264 male students,221 female students,266 junior students,219 senior students,189 students in the urban areas and 296 students in the rural areas.The Adolescents'Physical Self Scale (APS) was used to measure their explicit physical self.The Implicit Association Tests were designed to examine implicit physical self of 50 college students,who were selected from 485 college students by isometric random sampling.Results:The difference were significant among the five dimensions of college students' APS scores (P ＜ 0.001).The average scores of college students' appearance,sexual attractiveness were the highest,while the average score of body flaws was the lowest.Male students scored higher in five APS dimensions than female students (Ps ＜ 0.05).Senior students scored higher in the appearance,movement characteristics,figure and body flaws than junior students (Ps ＜0.05).Students in the urban areas scored higher in the appearance,movement characteristics,figure and body flaws than the students in the rural areas(Ps ＜ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between explicit and implicit physical self (P ＞ 0.05).The scores of relative separation index of movement characteristics were lower in male students than in female students (Z =2.45,P ＜ 0.05).The scores of relative separation index of body flaws were lower in the urban ones than in the rural ones (Z =3.14,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that separation phenomenon exists between explicit and implicit physical self and the separation phenomena is distinct among the students of different genders or from different areas.

Relación entre imagen corporal y autoconcepto físico en mujeres adolescentes / Relationship between body image and physical self-concept in adolescent females

El presente estudio examina las diferencias existentes entre los distintos subdominios del autoconcepto físico, en función de la insatisfacción corporal y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Participaron 447 mujeres adolescentes españolas entre 12 y 17 años de edad, a las que se aplicó el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF), el instrumento Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) y la Escala de Evaluación de la Imagen Corporal de Gardner, además de recopilarse datos antropométricos para calcular su IMC. Los resultados informan de que una mayor insatisfacción corporal y un IMC más alto se relacionan con peores percepciones físicas, especialmente en relación con el atractivo, y con un autoconcepto más devaluado. Como conclusión, se destaca la importancia de una imagen corporal saludable en la configuración del autoconcepto físico y general de la mujer adolescente.

This study examines the differences between the different subdomains of physical self-concept, based on body dissatisfaction and Body Mass Index (BMI). A sample of 447 spanish female adolescents aged 12 to 17 participated in this study, and were administered the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF), the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and Gardner's Scale for the Assessment of Body Image. Anthropometric data was collected to calculate their BMI. The results indicate that greater body dissatisfaction and higher BMI were associated with worse physical perceptions, especially in relation to appearance and a more devalued self-concept. In conclusion, the importance of a healthy body image is highlighted, as it configures the self - and general - concept in adolescent females. Further details are reported in the text.

Autoconcepto físico de escolares chilenos: diferencias en función del género y del estatus socioeconómico y su relación con la intensidad percibida en la clase de educación física / Physical self-awareness of chileans students: differences in function of gender and socioeconomic status and its relationship with physical education's class perceived intensity

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar el Autoconcepto Físico de escolares chilenos en función del género y el nivel socioeconómico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por escolares de quinto curso de la región metropolitana. La escala de percepción del esfuerzo de Borg fue administrada durante 3 semanas en cada clase de EF, finalmente la escala del Autoconcepto Físico fue rellanada al final del proceso. La correlación de Spearman se utilizó para establecer relaciones entre la intensidad de la clase de EF y el Autoconcepto Físico. El estudio de las diferencias en función del género y del nivel socioeconómico se analizó con la U de MannWhitney. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el Autoconcepto Físico en función del nivel socioeconómico, pero no en función del género. Los resultados sugieren un cambio en la metodología de enseñanza del profesorado de Educación Física.

The aim of the study was to analyze differences between Physical Self Awareness in Chilean primary students according to gender and socioeconomic status. The sample was composed by fifth graders of the metropolitan region. The rate of perceived exertion was filled after P.E. classes during a period of three weeks. The Physical Self-Awareness questionnaire was filled at the end of the process. The Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relations between P.E. class intensity and Physical self-awareness. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between gender and socioeconomic status. Differences were found between according socioeconomic status but not between genders. The results suggest changes in P.E. the teachers´ methodology.

Autoestima e autoconceito físico em adultos jovens: estudo exploratório com vista à validação da versão brasileira do physical self perception profile / Self-esteem and physical self in young adults: exploratory study for the validation of brazilian version of physical self perception profile

O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar as características psicométricas da versão Brasileira do Physical Self Perception Profile – o PSPPb – no que respeita à sua validade e fiabilidade, e ainda aferir a sua adequação para a administração generalizada no Brasil. Participaram do estudo 401 adultos (idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 60 anos), 201 do sexo feminino e 200 do sexo masculino, com média de 23,45 ± 6,1 anos e 25,55 ± 8,54 anos respectivamente. Foram seguidos procedimentos standard para a tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento. Os dados foram analisados com recurso à Análise Fatorial Exploratória e revelaram uma estrutura fatorial mais semelhante à descrita na versão original obtida na população americana e diferente da encontrada em Portugal com a versão Portuguesa (PSPPp). A estatística descritiva e as correlações existentes entre as diferentes escalas corroboram os resultados de estudos anteriores, tendo o PSPPb demonstrado boa consistência interna com valores de Alfa de Cronbach na sua maioria superiores a 0,75. Tais resultados demonstram boas evidências que apontam no sentido de uma potencial validação do PSPPb tendo por base o modelo original de quatro subescalas; no entanto, são necessários mais estudos, com outras amostras da população Brasileira, de modo a possibilitar uma análise mais aprofundada da sua validade fatorial antes que se possa recomendar a sua utilização plena.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Physical Self Perception Profile - the PSPPb - with respect to their validity and reliability, and also to assess their suitability for general administration in Brazil. The study involved 401 adults (aged 18 to 60 years), 201 female and 200 male, mean 23.45 ± 6.1 years and 25.55 ± 8.54 years respectively. We followed standard procedures for translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument. Data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis that revealed a factor structure similar to the one described in the original version of the instrument with U.S. population and different from the one found with the Portuguese version (PSPPp) in Portugal. Descriptive statistics and correlations between the different scales corroborate results from previous studies, with PSPPb showing good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha values of Cronbach mostly above .75. The present study demonstrates good evidence pointing towards a potential validation PSPPb based on the original model of four subscales, however, more studies are needed with other samples of the Brazilian population, to enable further analyses of its factorial validity before being recommend for full use.

Study on characteristics of physical self of head and neck cancer patients with depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between depression and physical self and related factors of head and neck cancer patients (HNCPs).MethodsOne hundred and twenty-eight HNCPs were assessed with self-rating depression scale,physical self scale,negative physical self scale and symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90).SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe evaluation of appearance,sport characters and figure characters were significantly different between sexual groups,the average physical self scale level of the male patients was higher than that of the females (3.33 ± 0.56 vs.2.87 ± 0.32,P ＜ 0.05).The appearance,sport characters,figure characters and sexual characters of physical self-concept were significantly different between age groups,the body satisfaction scale from higher to lower were under 45 years old patients,beyond 60 years old,between 46 and 59 years old.ConclusionThe evaluation of appearance is reversely correlated with the score of SCL-90,the evaluation of short,appearance and fat in negative physical self are positively correlated with the score of SCL-90.

Autoconcepto físico según la actividad físicodeportiva realizada y la motivación hacia ésta / Physical Self-concept depending on the kind of physical activity practised and motivation to it

En este trabajo de investigación se examinan las diferencias en los distintos dominios del autoconcepto físico en función del tipo de práctica físicodeportiva y la motivación hacia ésta, incidiendo especialmente en el atractivo físico. En la investigación participaron 894 adolescentes españoles entre 12 y 17 años a los que se les administraron el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF) y el Cuestionario de Motivos de Práctica Deportiva. Los resultados permitieron comprobar cómo el autoconcepto físico fue significativamente menor, particularmente en las mujeres, en aquellas prácticas dónde es importante el factor estético o se practican con vistas a mejorar la apariencia física. Las practicantes de este tipo de actividades físicodeportivas presentaron un autoconcepto físico y general más devaluado, especialmente en la escala de atractivo físico. Además, para las mujeres, las motivaciones estéticas hacia la práctica se asociaron a peores percepciones físicas y de autoconcepto general. Todo ello hace vincular el autoconcepto físico, el tipo de práctica y los motivos hacia ella con la insatisfacción corporal en las mujeres adolescentes.

The aim of this study was to analyze differences among physical self-concept domains according to the kind of physical activity and the reasons that motivate it, giving special consideration of physical attractiveness as a self-concept domain. Two questionnaires (Physical Self-concept Questionnaire, CAF, and Motives of practicing sport Questionnaire) were administered to 894 teenagers aged 12-17. Results show physical self-concept is significantly lower, mainly in women, in those sports in which the aesthetic factor is relevant or is practiced in order to improve physical appearance. In these sports both general and physical self-concept were more devalued, especially in the attractive body scale. What is more, women participating in this study presented aesthetic motivations linked to worse physical perception and general self-concept. Subsequently, self-concept, the kind of practise and motivation are linked to teenage women body dissatisfaction.

The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Body Weight Reduction after Educational Program for Health Care / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the health problems with high risk of metabolic and physiologic morbidity worldwide. Obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk and death as well as psychological and emotional health problems. Self-efficacy and physical self-efficacy are important evaluation tools for successful diet and exercise in obesity diet practice and it is directly associated with health behaviors. This study conducted to evaluate the effect of weight loss on self-efficacy and life quality. METHODS: The 39 adults who joined in weight control program in one public health center were recruited into this study. Quality of life, depression scale, anxiety scale, self-efficacy and physical self-efficacy were examined. Also physical performance ability and weight and lipid profile were examined. Statistical analysis obtained by SPSS. RESULTS: Quality of life and anxiety scale were significantly diminished in obese subjects than non-obese subjects. Quality of life was increased after weight control program in obese subjects. Physical self-efficacy was improved in weight reduction group with much more than 5% of initial weight. CONCLUSION: Weight reduction has positive impact on psychological aspects in obese subjects. Therefore, we should be more concerned about psychological and functional aspect of obese individuals during weight control treatment.

Autoagresión corporal entre los jóvenes del occidente de México: psicopatología y cultura / Autoagressão corporal entre os jovens do ocidente do México: psicopatologia e cultura / L'auto-agression corporelle parmi les jeunes de l'ouest du Mexique: psychopathologie et culture / Physical self-aggression among youth in western Mexico: psychopathology and culture

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar, mediante conceptos del psicoanálisis y de la antropología simbólica, algunas prácticas de autoagresión corporal entre jóvenes urbanos del Occidente de México, como una manifestación de enfermedad, de sí mismos y de su sociedad, esta articulación se propone a partir del análisis de trastornos de alimentación, y del acto de auto cortarse la piel.

This paper uses concepts of psychoanalysis and symbolic anthropology to analyze practices of physical self-aggression among urban youth in western Mexico. Here this practice is seen as a symptom of themselves and their society. This articulation is proposed from the point of view of eating disorders and the act of cutting one’s own skin.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, através de conceitos da Psicanálise e da Antropologia Simbólica, algumas das práticas de auto-agressões no corpo entre jovens urbanos do México Ocidental, como uma manifestação de doença a partir de análise de transtornos de alimentação bem como do ato de se autocortar a pele.

Le but de cet article est d'analyser, à l'aide des concepts de la psychanalyse et de l'anthropologie symbolique, certaines pratiques d'auto-agression corporelle pratiquées parmi les jeunes des villes de l'ouest du Mexique comme un symptôme d'infirmité, de soi et de leur société. Cette articulation sera proposée par une analyse des troubles de l'alimentation et de l'acte de se couper la peau.

A prática desportiva dos estudantes universitários e suas relações com as autopercepções físicas, bem-estar subjectivo e felicidade / University students' sport practice and its relations with physical self-perceptions, subjective well-being and happiness

A presente investigação analisou as relações entre a prática desportiva de estudantes universitários e o modo como estes se percepcionavam a si próprios e às suas vidas. Participaram nesta investigação 2284 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre os 18 e os 30 anos (M = 21,87 ±2,37), que preencheram um questionário sobre a sua prática desportiva, bem como versões portuguesas do Physical Self-Perception Profile (Fox & Corbin, 1989), da Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), da Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) e da Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). Em geral, a análise dos resultados revelou que os indivíduos que possuíam mais confiança física e que avaliavam a sua vida mais positivamente praticavam desporto mais regularmente; porém, verificou-se igualmente que quem se percebia menos forte fisicamente e tinha uma auto-estima mais baixa também praticava desporto mais regularmente do que os pares.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between university students' sport practice and the way they perceived themselves and their lives. Participated in this investigation 2284 male and female students, with ages between 18 and 30 years (M = 21.87 ±2.37), who filled out a questionnaire to assess their levels of sport practice, as well the Portuguese versions of the Physical Self-Perception Profile (Fox & Corbin, 1989), the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). Overall, the analysis of the results showed that students who were more physically confident and evaluated their lives more positively did sport more regularly; however, results also showed that students who reported lower levels of physical strength and self-esteem practiced sport more regularly than their peers.

Variables associated with the risk of eating disorders in adolescence / Variables asociadas al riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios en la adolescencia

Summary: It is very important to specify the generic affirmation that eating disorders mainly affect the female population, especially during adolescence. This study examined three variables associated with the risk of eating behaviour disorders (EBDs): age (early and late adolescence), physical self-concept and engagement in physical activity, as well as the interaction between these factors. This study, to be precise, aimed to clarify the following questions regarding the risk to the non-clinical adolescent population of suffering eating disorders: 1. Whether the risk is higher in the 15-18 age range than in the 12-14 one; 2. the relationship between risk and physical self-concept; 3. the relationship between risk and physical activity; and 4. whether the risk is always higher in women than in men, regardless of the three aforementioned variables (age, self-concept and sporting activity). There were 740 adolescent participants, 366 men (49.46%) and 374 women (50.54%), aged between 12 and 18 years ( X - = 14.33; SD=1.41). Three measurements were applied: the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), by Garner and Olmsted, the Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF) by Goñi, Ruiz de Azúa and Rodríguez (2006), and a questionnaire on physical activity. Results confirm that, as indicated by significantly higher scores in the EDI, the risk of suffering from eating disorders is higher among women than men, in the 15-18 age range than in the 12-14 one, in those with a low physical self-concept and in those who engage only sporadically rather than regularly in some kind of physical activity. Therefore, age, self-concept and physical activity therefore become modulating variables of the risk of suffering from eating disorders. Improvement in self-concept and the acquisition of active life habits, factors which modulate the usual gender differences in eating disorders, are the objects of educational intervention; this intervention is particularly important for adolescent females aged between 15 and 18 years. Consequently, physical self-concept should be included not only in the designs of research projects focusing on the self-perception of the physical-self, but also in the designs of guidance programmes; special attention should be given to those who have developed a low self-perception of both their physical condition and physical attractiveness. Furthermore, moderate physical activity is clearly better than a sedentary lifestyle; engaging in regular physical activity is highly recommendable, in general, as a way of preventing eating disorders. Finally, the group most in need of educational support in this field is the population of female adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years. Two criteria are important: a) the promotion of regular physical activity may be one resource, although not the only one, since by itself is not effective enough to eradicate the risk of eating disorders; b) special attention should be given to those who have developed a low self-perception of both their physical condition and physical attractiveness.

Resumen: Es bien conocido que los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCAs) afectan ante todo a la población femenina, muy especialmente durante la adolescencia. Ahora bien, ¿hasta qué punto cambia el riesgo de que la población adolescente no clínica padezca tales trastornos en función de variables que pueden ser objeto de atención preventiva? Este estudio pretendía esclarecer si dicho riesgo: 1. es mayor en el grupo de edad de 15-18 años que en el de 12-14 años; 2. si guarda relación con el autoconcepto físico; 3. si se relaciona con la actividad física practicada; 4. si es siempre mayor en las mujeres adolescentes que en los adolescentes varones con independencia de las tres variables citadas arriba. Participaron en el estudio 740 adolescentes, 366 hombres (49.46%) y 374 mujeres (50.54%), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 18 años ( X - =14.33; DT=1.41). Todos los participantes respondieron al Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), de Garner y Olmsted, un cuestionario destinado a evaluar conductas y pensamientos propios de los TCAs. Todos completaron también un cuestionario acerca de sus hábitos de actividad física. Además, una parte de esta muestra, concretamente 347 sujetos (172 hombres y 175 mujeres), contestó el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF), de Goñi, Ruiz de Azúa y Rodríguez. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes análisis estadísticos mediante el programa SPSS 11.5 para Windows: análisis de la varianza factorial, ANOVA de un factor, contraste de medias, análisis de gráficos de perfil para interacciones, así como comparaciones múltiples de Bonferroni. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que el riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios, tal como lo indican unas puntuaciones significativamente superiores en el EDI, es mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres, en el grupo de edad de 15-18 años que en el de 12-14 años, en personas con autoconcepto físico bajo y en quienes realizan actividad físico-deportiva de forma esporádica en comparación con quienes la practican de forma habitual. La insatisfacción corporal y las conductas bulímicas se incrementan, en efecto, en el segundo tramo de la adolescencia con independencia de que la práctica deportiva se realice de forma esporádica o habitual. La insatisfacción corporal, igualmente, aparece asociada con puntuaciones bajas en el autoconcepto físico (tanto en la dimensión de condición física como en la de atractivo físico), pero tal asociación no es significativa en el grupo de 12 a 14 años. Las chicas de entre 15 y 18 años muestran un riesgo significativamente mayor que los chicos. Asimismo, las diferencias de género en trastornos alimentarios, que no son significativas en el grupo de 12-14 años, vuelven a ser claras en éste. Estos datos reclaman prestar atención al grupo de edad de entre 15 y 18 años como etapa particularmente crítica, al menos con respecto a la primera adolescencia (12-14 años). Por otro lado, se confirma que los trastornos de alimentación conforman una patología propia de mujeres. La percepción del atractivo físico propio tiene, por ejemplo, un comportamiento diferente de un género a otro: no se correlaciona con los trastornos en el caso de los varones pero sí en el de las mujeres. De todos modos, estas consabidas diferencias de género no son las mismas, como ya se ha dicho, en distintos grupos de edad ni tampoco cuando tanto los chicos como las chicas realizan actividad física de forma habitual. En este último supuesto persisten las diferencias entre ambos pero se reducen. La edad y el autoconcepto se convierten, en consecuencia, en variables moduladoras del riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios, así como la actividad física. De los resultados del estudio se desprende que la actividad física moderada se correlaciona con menor incidencia de patología alimentaria, por lo que se convierte en altamente recomendable. No obstante, entre los asuntos que precisan más investigación figura el de la relación entre distintas modalidades e intensidades de actividad física y el bienestar psicológico, más allá de la clasificación dicotómica en adolescentes poco activos versus adolescentes activos utilizada en este estudio. El riesgo, evaluado mediante el EDI, de padecer trastornos alimentarios se ha mostrado fuertemente asociado con el autocon-cepto físico medido con el CAF, lo que invita a incluir este último constructo no sólo en los diseños de investigación sobre la autoper-cepción del yo físico sino también en los programas de orientación, por dos razones básicas. De un lado, la utilización de cuestionarios como el CAF que miden autoconcepto físico puede convertirse en una forma rápida y económica de detectar precozmente sujetos con riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios entre población adolescente no clínica. De otro, una forma viable de educar con respecto a los TCAs consiste en fomentar el desarrollo del autoconcepto físico por medio de programas de intervención adecuados.

Analizan los factores asociados con trastornos alimentarios en la adolescencia / Factors associated with eating disorders in adolescence

New data are presented on the relationship between eating disorders in adolescence and physical self-concept. The degree to which age, engagement in sports activities, and body mass index present a risk in the development of eating disorders is analyzed. The study population was comprised of 740 adolescents (366 males and 374 females) between the ages of 12 and 18 years. Study subjects answered questions on the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI); the Physical Self-Concept Inventory (PSCI); and questions about sports activity habits, weight and height. Very significant differences are noted on EDI scores between groups of adolescents with low, medium, or high esteem concerning physical self-concept. Female adolescents, in general, are at higher risk of developing eating disorders than their male adolescent counterparts. This general finding is notable when considering age (12-14 years of age versus 15-18 years of age), physical activity (sporadic or habitual) and body mass index (low weight, normal weight, overweight)

En este trabajo se presentan nuevos datos sobre la asociación de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en la adolescencia mcon el autoconcepto físico; se analiza, asimismo, hasta qué punto la variable sexo interactúa con las de edad, práctica deportiva e índice de masa corporal con respecto al riesgo de padecer trastornos de la alimentación. Participaron en el estudio 740 adolescentes (366 hombres y 374 mujeres), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años, que respondieron al Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), al Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF), así como a una batería de preguntas acerca de sus hábitos deportivos, su peso y su altura. Resultan muy significativas las diferencias de puntuación en el EDI en función de la pertenencia al grupo de adolescentes con autoconcepto físico bajo, medio o alto. De otro lado, la población femenina adolescente muestra, en general, mayor riesgo que la masculina de padecer trastornos alimentarios; ahora bien, esta afirmación general exige notables precisiones cuando se toma en consideración la edad (12-14 vs. 15-18 años), la actividad física (esporádica o habitual) y el índice de masa corporal (bajo peso, peso normal, sobrepeso)

Negative Physical Self of Female Students from 12 to 22 Year-Old / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To investigate the influence of social comparison and social support on negative physical self of female from adolescents to young adulthood. Methods: 980 female students aged from 12 to 22 completed NPSS-F (negative physical self scale-fatness), MSPSS (multidimensional scale of perceived social support) and PACS (physical appearance comparison scale). Their body mass index (BMI) was also calculated by weight and height of the subjects. Results: High school students had higher score in Fatness dimension than middle school students (13.5?9.3/11.0?9.0,P