Problems and strategies for the prevention of ankle injuries in soccer / Problemas e estratégias para a prevenção de lesões do tornozelo no futebol / Problemas y estrategias para la prevención de lesiones de tobillo en el fútbol

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most significant reasons for the frequent ankle injuries in soccer players are the great rivalry and the multiple efforts required by the sport. Objective: Explore the actual scenario of sports injuries in the ankle joint in soccer players, raising adequate prevention strategies. Methods: 22 professional soccer players were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A controlled experiment lastingsix6 weeks was developed. The experimental group added complementary ankle training in the daily training, while the control group had no changes, according to the usual training plan. Rear (PL) and frontal (AT) balance indexes, functional movement assessment (FMS,) and ankle injury cause (CAI) were collected, analyzed, and compared before and after the intervention. Results: After training, the experimental group's PL score increased from 106.81±5.33 to 117.69±6.44; AT score increased from 61.94±6.17 to 70.36±5.37; CAI score increased from 22.33±3.58 to 25.38±3.18. Total FMS test score increased from 15.36±1.38 to 18.84±1.99, with trunk flexions standing out (from 2.10±0.43 to 2.57±0.37). On the other hand, the changes in the control group were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The presented complementary ankle training effectively prevented injuries in soccer players and can be applied to reduce sports complications in players in training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: As razões mais significativas para as frequentes lesões no tornozelo em jogadores de futebol são a grande rivalidade e os múltiplos esforços requisitados pelo esporte. Objetivo: Explorar o quadro atual das lesões esportivas na articulação do tornozelo em jogadores de futebol, levantando estratégias de prevenção adequadas. Métodos: Um total de 22 jogadores profissionais de futebol foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e de controle. Um experimento controlado com duração de 6 semanas foi desenvolvido. No treinamento diário, o grupo experimental acrescentou um treinamento complementar do tornozelo, enquanto o grupo de controle não teve alterações, de acordo com o plano de treinamento habitual. Foram coletados, analisados e comparados os índices de equilíbrio traseiro (PL) e frontal (AT), a avaliação funcional do movimento (FMS) e a causa das lesões no tornozelo (CAI) antes e após a intervenção. Resultados: Após o treinamento, a pontuação PL do grupo experimental aumentou de 106,81±5.33 para 117,69±6.44; a pontuação AT aumentou de 61.94±6.17 para 70,36±5,37; a pontuação CAI aumentou de 22,33±3,58 para 25,38±3,18. A pontuação total do teste FMS aumentou de 15,36±1,38 para 18,84±1,99, destacando-se as flexões do tronco (de 2,10±0,43 para 2,57±0,37). Por outro lado, as alterações do grupo controle não foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: O treinamento complementar para o tornozelo apresentado mostrou-se eficaz na prevenção de lesões em jogadores de futebol e pode ser aplicado para reduzir as complicações esportivas dos jogadores em treinamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las razones más significativas de las frecuentes lesiones de tobillo en futbolistas son la gran rivalidad y los múltiples esfuerzos que requiere este deporte. Objetivo: Explorar el panorama actual de las lesiones deportivas en la articulación del tobillo en futbolistas, planteando estrategias de prevención adecuadas. Métodos: Un total de 22 futbolistas profesionales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupos experimental y control. Se desarrolló un experimento controlado de 6 semanas de duración. En el entrenamiento diario, el grupo experimental añadió un entrenamiento complementario del tobillo, mientras que el grupo control no tuvo cambios, según el plan de entrenamiento habitual. Se recogieron, analizaron y compararon los índices de equilibrio posterior (PL) y frontal (AT), la valoración del movimiento funcional (FMS) y la causa de lesión de tobillo (CAI) antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Tras el entrenamiento, la puntuación PL del grupo experimental aumentó de 106,81±5,33 a 117,69±6,44; la puntuación AT aumentó de 61,94±6,17 a 70,36±5,37; la puntuación CAI aumentó de 22,33±3,58 a 25,38±3,18. La puntuación total del test FMS aumentó de 15,36±1,38 a 18,84±1,99, destacando las flexiones de tronco (de 2,10±0,43 a 2,57±0,37). Por otro lado, los cambios del grupo de control no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: El entrenamiento complementario de tobillo presentado demostró ser eficaz en la prevención de lesiones en futbolistas y puede aplicarse para reducir las complicaciones deportivas en jugadores en formación. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Cumplimiento del indicador Prevención de Infecciones de Vías Urinarias en Pacientes con Sonda Vesical Instalada / Compliance of the indicator Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Installed Urinary Catheter

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el cumplimiento del indicador de Prevención de Infecciones de Vías Urinarias en Pacientes con Sonda Vesical Instalada, en una institución hospitalaria de segundo nivel en Tamaulipas, México. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 80 pacientes con sonda vesical instalada. Se utilizó el instrumento Prevención de Infecciones de Vías urinarias en Pacientes con Sonda Vesical Instalada (F1-PIVUPSVI/05) y una cédula sociodemográfica, para analizar los datos se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS-20. Resultados: En la población predominó el sexo femenino con un 56.3%. El servicio con mayor prevalencia con sonda vesical instalada fue medicina interna con 35% y cirugía general con 31%. El cumplimiento de indicador fue bajo (rojo) con un 62.5% (50) correspondiente a la escala de semaforización de ≤70%, 33.8% (27) medio (amarillo) equivalente a >70≤90 y solo el 3.8% (3) alto. Conclusiones: El cumplimiento del indicador de Prevención de Infecciones de Vías Urinarias en Pacientes con Sonda Vesical Instalada es bajo de acuerdo con la semaforización del sistema INDICAS, los criterios que se encontraron con mayor porcentaje de cumplimiento fueron los relacionados a el sistema de drenaje permanentemente conectado, registra datos de funcionamiento y bolsa colectora se mantiene por debajo del nivel de la vejiga.

Abstract Objective: To determine compliance with the indicator of Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with a Bladder catheter installed in a second level hospital institution in Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 80 patients with a bladder catheter installed. The instrument Prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with an installed bladder catheter (F1-PIVUPSVI / 05) and a sociodemographic card were used. The statistical package SPSS-20 was used to analyze the data. Results: In the population, the female sex predominated with 56.3%. The service with the highest prevalence with a bladder catheter installed was internal medicine with 35% and general surgery with 31%. Indicator compliance was low (red) with 62.5% (50) corresponding to the signaling scale of ≤70%, 33.8% (27) medium (yellow) equivalent to> 70≤90 and only 3.8% (3) tall. Conclusions: Compliance with the indicator of prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with a bladder catheter installed is low according to the signaling of the INDICAS system, the criteria found with the highest percentage of compliance were those related to the permanently connected drainage system, records Operating data and collection bag is kept below the level of the bladder.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis and preventive health measures for children with type 1 diabetes / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To study and analyze the risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes and formulate preventive health measures. Methods A total of 112 children with type 1 diabetes treated in our hospital from January 2017 to October 2019 were selected as the type 1 diabetes group, and 50 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze predisposing factors of type 1 diabetes in children, and preventive health measures was proposed. Results The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal age, passive smoking during pregnancy, milk feeding time, and children's respiratory infections were independent risk factors for children with type 1 diabetes (OR: 6404, 6.903, 6.417, 8.256, P <0.05). Conclusion Maternal age, passive smoking during pregnancy, milk addition time, and children's respiratory infections were independent risk factors for children with type 1 diabetes. Strengthening health education, breastfeeding as soon as possible, and preventing respiratory infections can help reduce the incidence of children with type 1 diabetes.

Patients' and General Practitioners' Views About Preventive Care in Family Medicine in Switzerland: A Cross-sectional Study / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe general practitioners (GPs)' opinions and practices of preventive care and patients' opinions, attitudes, and behaviors towards prevention. METHODS: The data stemmed from a cross-sectional national survey on prevention conducted in Switzerland from 2015 to 2016. In total, 170 randomly drawn GPs and 1154 of their patients participated. The GPs answered an online questionnaire and the patients answered a questionnaire administrated by fieldworkers present at their practices. RESULTS: Both patients and GPs agreed that delivering preventive care is the dedicated role of a GP. It appeared that beyond classical topics of prevention such as cardiovascular risk factors, other prevention areas (e.g., cannabis consumption, immunization, occupational risks) were scarcely covered by GPs and reported as little-known by patients. In addition, GPs seemed to use a selective approach to prevention, responding to the clinical context, rather than a systematic approach to health promotion. The results also highlight possibilities to improve prevention in family medicine through options such as more supportive tools and public advertising, more time and more delegated tasks and, finally, a more recognized role. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an unfavorable context of prevention within the healthcare system, preventive care in family medicine is reasonably good in Switzerland. However, some limitations appear regarding the topics and the circumstances of preventive care delivery. A global effort is needed to implement necessary changes, and the responsibility should be broadened to other stakeholders.

The Key Problems and Technology Strategies of KY3H Health Care Service Model / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

KY3H is a traditional Chinese medicine health care service mode based on the existing problem,focusing on an interconnected and continuous integration of four key technological innovation,which promotes the service model transformation from passive "doctor-searching" to "asking yourself ".There are four features on KY3H mode.First,based on traditional Chinese medicine meridian and viscera theory,it can accurately identify the health status and take risk assessment of individuals through digital quantitative model.Then,the mode realizes the personalized health status recognition and precisious intervention through integrated technology products of dynamic monitoring and identification,assessment and intervention with independent intellectual property rights.The third is to improve the intelligence,realtime and accessibility of KY3H health care services through developing the Chinese-western medicine informationalized software system about health status identification,assessment and intervention.The last one is formulating traditional Chinese medicine health care standards,industry standards and service package design,which drive KY3H health service model spreading effectively and practical applying,achieving remarkable social and economic benefits.

The impacts of urban residents’ basic medical insurance on the medical treatment and preven-tive care service utilization / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:The paper aims to evaluate the impacts of the urban residents’ basic medical insurance on the medical treatment and preventive care services utilization through quantitative evaluation. Methods:The China Health and Nutrition Surveys ( CHNS) Data collected from 2006 to 2011 were used to compare the difference between medical treatment and preventive care services utilization adopting the difference-in-difference method and the Probit model. The control group urban residents did not participate in the basic medical insurance while their treatment group participated. Results:The medical treatment and preventive care services utilization were more for the treat-ment group than they were for the control one. The age, education level, annual per capita income and hypertension influenced the medical services utilization, and the annual per capita income was a protective factor. The age and ed-ucation level also influenced the preventive care services utilization. Conclusion: The urban resident basic medical insurance plays an important role in the medical treatment and preventive care services utilization. Meanwhile, this factor continuously enhanced the coverage and the per capita income protection for medical services.

THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE IN COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICE / 现代医院

Objective To explore the influencing factors and countermeasures for prevention and health care in community health service.Methods A random sampling method in our county, 13 community health centers, 152 community health stations, 2 county hospitals, 2 special hospitals was used for the investigation to analyzes the obstacles in carrying out the preventive care service and to work out measures.Results By strengthening prevention and health care management, the problems in prevention and shortage of health care funds, feasibility to preventive care service, community nurses'comprehensive quality, poor awareness of community residents were significantly im-proved (p>0.05).Conclusion Pertinent to the influencing factors for health care and prevention work in commu-nity health service, targeted measures should be made to improve the financial problem, improve the feasibility, im-prove community medical service to provide a strong guarantee for the protection of the health of residents.

Geriatric health: Need to make it an essential element of primary health care.

Within the next few decades, we will see an extraordinary increase in the number of older people worldwide. The public health benefit of preventive medicine in old age comes from the compression of the time spent in dependency to a minimum. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the morbidity profile of the geriatric population in a rural area of Maharashtra. A total of 214 subjects, of age 60 years and above, were examined. Data were collected by structured interviews and clinical and laboratory examinations. Out of the total of 214 subjects, 190 were suffering from some or the other diseases and the major morbidities were visual (56%), musculoskeletal (38.3%), respiratory (32.7%), and hypertension (28%). Anemia was present in 62.6%, 5.61% had Diabetes Mellitus and 22.5% were found to be overweight. The average morbidity load was 2.61. The rising morbidities clearly showed that a regular, complete health checkup of the elderly should be embedded in the essential elements of the Primary Health Care. This would reduce the morbidity, improve the quality of life, and facilitate 'Active Aging'.

Nurses: the "front gate" to provide effective pediatric preventive care

The objective of this paper is to analyze the importance of nurses as key providers of preventive services for Mexican children and adolescents. Nurses represent a long-standing tradition as public health providers and are very close to the individual, the family and the community. Their contribution to the preventive care of patients of these age groups is explicit and tangible. Health needs for this segment of the population and the current conditions of the Mexican health care system call for further actions. Preventive care should be accessible, high quality and comprehensive. To accomplish these goals it is necessary to invest in the public health workforce. Also, the need to increase its efficiency and effectiveness of preventive services should prompt the Mexican health care system to support the skill mix and promote the presence of nurse practitioners in primary care facilities.

Bases moleculares da história reprodutiva na prevenção do câncer de mama / Molecular basis of reproductive history on breast cancer prevention

A taxa atual de mortalidade por falha do tratamento do câncer de mama e o aumento de sua incidência suporta o investimento na preveção primária. O risco de desenvolver câncer de mama é dependente de condições endócrinas moduladas pela função ovariana, tais como a menarça precoce, menopausa tardia e a paridade. Gestação precoce é um fator sabidamente preventivo. Mulheres que levam uma gestação a termo antes de 24 anos de idade apresentam redução no risco de desenvolver câncer de mama e gestações adicionais aumentam a proteção. As tendências atuais de controle de natalidade e gestação tardia associadas à utilização de métodos hormonais de anticoncepção podem ser fatores responsáveis pelo aumento substancial na incidência do câncer de mama nas últimas décadas. Dados experimentais em modelos animais sugerem que o efeito preventivo da gestação é secundário à exposição à gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG). O hCG é capaz de modular a expressão genética de células mamárias, resultando em sua completa diferenciação. Essa ação parece ser mediada por mecanismos epigenéticos. A demonstração de que o hCG é capaz de modular a expressão de genes responsáveis pela diferenciação celular promovendo efeito quimio-preventivo é a base do modelo futuro da prevenção primária da doença.

The current mortality rate due to breast cancer treatment failure and the worldwide increase in its incidence support the effort in primary breast cancer prevention. The risk of developing breast cancer is dependent on endocrine conditions modulated by ovarian function, such as early menarche, late menopause and parity. Early pregnancy is a known protective factor. Women who gave birth before 24 years old exhibit a decrease in their lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, as additional pregnancies increase the protection. Current tendency regarding birth control and late pregnancy associated with the use of hormonal contraceptive methods could be responsible or the increasing incidence of breast cancer. Experimental data in animal models suggest that this preventive role is due to the exposure to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Human chorionic gonadotropin is able to modulate the expression of genes in breast cells resulting in the complete differentiation. The data gathered suggest that its modulation activity is due to a mechanism called epigenetic changes. The demonstration that hCG can modulate the expression of genes through epigenetic changes leading to breast cell differentiation and promoting a chemo-preventive effect is the base that support the future model for primary preventive care of this neoplam.

Atención prenatal en las gestantes afiliadas al régimen contributivo y vinculadas en Bogotá, 2005 / Prenatal health care to pregnant women belonging to the taxpayer health care system and to women belonging to the subsidized health care system in Bogota, in 2005

Introducción: En 2005 se encontraron diferencias en las tasas de mortalidad materna en Bogotá, según la condición de las usuarias en el sistema. Fue ostensiblemente mayor en el régimen subsidiado y, en términos generales, mayor a la observada en ciudades como Medellín y Cali. Objetivo: Describir, comparar y establecer diferencias en la integralidad y oportunidad de los servicios de salud que recibieron las gestantes antes del parto, afiliadas al régimen contributivo y las atendidas como vinculadas en Bogotá, en 2005. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Las categorías utilizadas para la descripción y comparación de los servicios fueron: integralidad y oportunidad (inicio de consultas antes del parto). Resultados: Hubo mayor integralidad en la atención de las gestantes afiliadas al régimen contributivo (21,5) que en las vinculadas (4,8). El 100% de las gestantes afiliadas al régimen contributivo (partos de octubre, noviembre y diciembre) empezó consultas prenatales en el primer trimestre y sólo el 50,1%, el 46,2% y el 38%, de las vinculadas, respectivamente, en cada uno de estos meses; en las consultas en el puerperio inmediato de los dos grupos (partos de octubre y noviembre) hubo diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Existieron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos evaluados, en integralidad y oportunidad de las atenciones de salud recibidas por las gestantes antes del parto. Palabras clave: embarazo, atención prenatal, prevención primaria.

Background: Differences were found in 2005 in the maternal mortality rates depending on the status of the users of the System in Bogota. The maternal mortality rate was higher for those inthe subsidized regime, and in general it was greater for Bogota than the rate of other cities such as Medellin and Cali. This is not an isolated case, and is possibly connected with the operation of the Colombian Social Health Care System (SGSSS) and other socioeconomic conditions which influence the health care results. Aim: To describe, compare and establish differences in the integrality and opportunity of health care services received by pregnant women before labor, for those in the contributory system and for those in the subsidized system in Bogota in 2005. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted, based on the information of the database used by MPS to establish the sufficiency of UPC in 2005 and for women belonging to the subsidized system, as well as the RIPS for the same year. The categories used to describe and compare the services were integrality and opportunity (beginning of the consultations before labor). Results: There was greater integrality in the service rendered to pregnant women belonging to the contributory system (21.5) than the one rendered to those of the subsidized system (4.8). 100% of the pregnant women of the contributory system (labors of October, November and December) started prenatal consultations in the first quarter whereas only 50.1%, 6.2% and 38% of the women in the subsidized system did in each one of these months. Significant differences were found during the immediate puerperium in the consultations for the two groups (labors of October and November). Conclusions: There were significant differences between the two groups assessed regarding the integrality and opportunity of the health careservice received by pregnant women before labor. Keywords: Pregnancy, prenatal care, preventive care.

Lesões da mucosa oral em pacientes portadores de próteses dentárias: ilustrações clínicas e abordagem preventiva / Oral mucosal lesions in patients using dental prosthesis: clinical illustrations and preventive approach

A mucosa oral está sujeita ao desenvolvimento de diversas patologias, muitas das quais relacionadas com o uso de próteses removíveis, que, paralelamente à sua função reabilitadora, podem agir como um agente irritante aos tecidos moles da cavidade bucal. Estudos epidemiológicos têm evidenciado que lesões provocadas por próteses ocorrem com uma freqüência considerável, havendo publicações que indicam prevalência de lesões da mucosa oral em até 62% dos pacientes usuários de aparelhos protéticos. Diante disto, pretende-se, com este artigo, revisar a literatura a respeito daquelas lesões nas quais as próteses podem agir como fator etiológico, enfatizando as medidas preventivas que podem ser adotadas para que seja reduzida a incidência das mesmas. São ilustrados casos clínicos das seguintes lesões: estomatite por dentadura, hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória, úlcera traumática e quelite angular. A prevalência de lesões em tecidos moles relacionados ao uso de próteses removíveis pode ser diminuída através de medidas relativamente simples, como: a orientação adequada dos pacientes quanto aos cuidados que devem ter com suas próteses; a preservação da saúde bucal dos usuários de prótese removível; e cuidados nas diversas etapas de confecção das próteses, resultando em oclusão estável, boa adaptação da base à fibromucosa e selamento periférico adequado, dentro dos limites da área chapeável.

On the oral mucosa, diverse pathologies may develop, many of them related to the use of removable prosthesis, which, parallel to their role in rehabilitation, can act as an irritant agent to the soft tissues of the mouth. Epidemiological studies have evidenced that lesions induced by prosthesis occur with a considerable frequency, and there are publications that indicate a prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in up to 62% of the patients using prosthetic devices. Therefore, this article aims to review the literature related to those lesions of which the prosthesis can act as an etiological factor, emphasizing the preventive measures that can be adopted to reduce their incidence. Clinical cases of the following lesions are illustrated: denture stomatitis, fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia, traumatic ulcer and angular cheilitis. The prevalence of soft tissue lesions related to the use of removable prosthesis can be decreased through relatively simple measures, as: adequate directions to the patients regarding the care they should take of their prosthesis; follow-up of removable prosthesis wearers' oral health; and diligence in the diverse phases of the prosthesis' construction, resulting in stable occlusion, fine adaptation of the base to the underlying mucosa, within the limits of the bearing area.

Health care utilization and health-related quality of life perception in older adults: a study of the Mexican Social Security Institute / Utilización de servicios de salud y percepción de calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en adultos mayores: un estudio en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

OBJECTIVE: To establish how health care service utilization patterns are associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) perception in older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study in adults aged 60 years or more was conducted in a random sample of 1150 beneficiaries of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in Mexico City during 2003. Health care services utilization was categorized as preventive or curative, which generated six usage profiles. HRQL was measured by means of the SF-36 questionnaire. Analyses of variance and multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the relationship between health care services utilization and HRQL. RESULTS: The use of preventive and curative services has a positive association with HRQL levels. Usage profiles with a prevalence of preventive services have a stronger positive association with HRQL scales. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a positive association between use patterns for primarily preventive health care services and a better HRQL perception among older adults.

OBJETIVO: Determinar cómo distintos patrones de utilización de servicios están asociados con calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS) de adultos mayores. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en adultos de 60 años y mayores con muestra aleatoria de 1150 derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en la Ciudad de México en 2003. El uso de los servicios se clasificó en preventivos y curativos, lo que generó seis perfiles de utilización de servicios. La CVRS se midió con el SF-36. Para evaluar la asociación del uso de servicios con CVRS se realizaron análisis de varianza y regresión lineal múltiple. RESULTADOS: La utilización de servicios preventivos y curativos muestra una asociación positiva con CVRS. Los perfiles en que predominan servicios preventivos tienen una asociación positiva más fuerte con escalas de CVRS. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio sugiere una asociación positiva de los perfiles de uso de servicios predominantemente preventivos con una mejor percepción de CVRS en adultos mayores.

Analysis of current nursing homes in Korea and to assess the role and prospect of dentists in comparison to Japanese long term care insurance system / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The introduction of "The Long-term Care Insurance System"(a public nursing care insurance scheme) is scheduled from July in 2008. Lately, the importance of oral health care had increased. Introduction and establishment of the methodology (nursing care procedure) based on professional dental knowledge is inevitable. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to rouse recognition of the importance of dental care in the long term elderly care in nursing homes, with implementation of the new insurance law. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Visited two institutions for the elderly, Yudang Village and Sungjiwon located in Suwon city to investigate the present conditions in terms of (1) the detailsof the institution, (2) the activities concerning with dental care in the institution, and (3) the consciousness and recognition regarding dental care of the staffs. RESULTS: In two institutions, under the present conditions, oral cleaning (including the cleaning of denture) for residents was operated with no professional advices and limited professional dental care. It was found that there was very little awareness of aspiration pneumonia. The members of staff however, did recognizethe necessity of professional maintenance and management of oral care in daily nursing care, and that many residents hold dental problems. They were very eager in introducing the methodology (nursing care procedure) in dental care in nursing homes.