Comportamentos Antiesportivos e de Fair Play: Categorização dos Comportamentos dos Árbitros de Futsal / Unsportsmanlike Behaviors and Fair Play: Categorization of Futsal Referees' Behaviors

Os árbitros são agentes esportivos que contribuem para a promoção do fair play. Esse estudo tem por objetivo categorizar as classes de comportamentos que compõem a classe geral "manejar comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play em atletas de Futsal". Empregou-se como fonte de informação o Código de Ética da Confederação Brasileira de Futsal e o Livro Nacional de Regras do Futsal. O procedimento foi composto pelas seguintes etapas: selecionar e registrar trechos das obras; identificar, destacar e registrar nos trechos selecionados as partes que contenham componentes das classes de comportamento; derivar e registrar componentes das classes de comportamentos; avaliar a linguagem dos componentes identificados; nomear as classes de comportamento; avaliar a linguagem; organizar e categorizar as classes de comportamento. Os resultados apontaram um total de 132 classes de comportamento categorizadas em: dever do árbitro e proibido ao árbitro. Descrever as classes de comportamentos aumenta a probabilidade de desenvolver intervenções mais eficientes e efetivas que capacitem os árbitros a manejarem comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play nos jogos de futsal.

Referees are sports agents who contribute to the promotion of fair play. This study aims to categorize the classes of behaviors that make up the general class "Managing unsportsmanlike behavior and fair play in Futsal athletes". The Code of Ethics of the Brazilian Futsal Confederation and the National Futsal Norms Book were used as sources of information. The procedure consisted of the following steps: Select and record excerpts from the works; Identify, highlight and record in the selected sections the parts that contain components of the behavior classes; Derive and register components of behavior classes; Evaluate the language of the identified components; Naming the behavior classes; Assess language; Organize and Categorize Behavior Classes. The results showed a total of 132 behavior classes, which were categorized into: Referee's Duty and Referee's Prohibition. Describing behavior classes increases the likelihood of developing more efficient and effective interventions that allow referees to manage unsportsmanlike and fair play behavior in Futsal games.

Developmental toxicity and programming alterations of multiple organs in offspring induced by medication during pregnancy

Medication during pregnancy is widespread, but there are few reports on its fetal safety. Recent studies suggest that medication during pregnancy can affect fetal morphological and functional development through multiple pathways, multiple organs, and multiple targets. Its mechanisms involve direct ways such as oxidative stress, epigenetic modification, and metabolic activation, and it may also be indirectly caused by placental dysfunction. Further studies have found that medication during pregnancy may also indirectly lead to multi-organ developmental programming, functional homeostasis changes, and susceptibility to related diseases in offspring by inducing fetal intrauterine exposure to too high or too low levels of maternal-derived glucocorticoids. The organ developmental toxicity and programming alterations caused by medication during pregnancy may also have gender differences and multi-generational genetic effects mediated by abnormal epigenetic modification. Combined with the latest research results of our laboratory, this paper reviews the latest research progress on the developmental toxicity and functional programming alterations of multiple organs in offspring induced by medication during pregnancy, which can provide a theoretical and experimental basis for rational medication during pregnancy and effective prevention and treatment of drug-related multiple fetal-originated diseases.

Research progress of vaccine hesitancy in China in recent years / 上海预防医学

The 2030 Immunization Agenda of the World Health Organization （WHO） states that everyone in the world should fully benefit from vaccines to achieve good health and well-being. With the ever-changing disease spectrum and the improvement of residents' health literacy， relying solely on vaccines included in the National Immunization Program （NIP） is insufficient to meet the current requirements for disease prevention and control. Non-NIP vaccines play an important role in meeting people's diverse needs. Vaccine hesitancy is a global issue and an important factor affecting vaccine uptake. By reviewing relevant studies on vaccine hesitancy in recent years， this paper summarized different vaccination situations， current situation of vaccine hesitancy， measuring tools of vaccine hesitancy， and major influencing factors. It aims to provide references for the development of scientific and effective vaccine education strategies， which can increase public knowledge and understanding of vaccines， enhance healthcare professional's willingness and behavior in recommending vaccines， improve public vaccine literacy， and reduce vaccine hesitancy. At the same time， the supervision and guidance of media discourse should be strengthened to enhance the protective role of non-NIP vaccines in immunization barriers.

Caracterización de las mujeres mediante variables obstétricas, según Robson / Characterization of women through obstetric variables, according to Robson / Caracterização da mulher por meio de variáveis obstétricas, segundo Robson

En los últimos tiempos, la praxis de la cesárea en los centros hospitalarios se ha incrementado notablemente, el cual es ha sido corroborado según fuentes del INEI, por su parte, la OMS estandarizó que la variabilidad máxima es el 15%, superado aquello genera un grave problema al estado en cuestiones económicos, para constatar la problemática se tuvo en cuenta el objetivo de caracterizar a las mujeres de parto por cesárea a través de variables obstétricas desde la perspectiva de Robson, por lo que la investigación correspondió al enfoque cuantitativo, tipo no experimental y diseño descriptivo, la muestra representada por 1365 mujeres registradas en el base de datos correspondientes al 2019. El análisis de los resultados obedeció al método inductivo-deductivo, la misma que permitió diferenciar la tasa global de cesárea, el modelo de Robson mostró como resultado el 53%, cifra que supera en 38% a lo que establece la OMS, mientras que los grupos con mayor contribución a la tasa global de cesáreas fueron los grupos: 5, 1, 3 y 10. Finalmente, se concluye que la mayor cantidad de las mujeres han sido sometida al parto por cesárea, siendo mayor la tasa global durante el año indicado, en consecuencia generó mayor gasto al estado, exigiendo incrementar presupuesto al sector salud, cabe precisar que existe la posibilidad de controlar a través de la inducción a las mujeres embarazadas para el parto vaginal aplicación de los métodos y técnicas eficaces que permitan generar confianza a la mayor población de mujeres gestantes.

In recent times, the practice of cesarean section in hospital centers has increased notably, which has been corroborated according to INEI sources, on the other hand, the WHO standardized that the maximum variability is 15%, exceeding this generates a serious problem for the state in economic matters, In order to verify the problem, the objective of characterizing women who give birth by cesarean section through obstetric variables from Robson's perspective was taken into account, so the research corresponded to the quantitative approach, non-experimental type and descriptive design, the sample represented by 1365 women registered in the database corresponding to 2019. The analysis of the results obeyed the inductive-deductive method, the same that allowed differentiating the global rate of cesarean section, Robson's model showed as a result 53%, a figure that exceeds by 38% what the WHO establishes, while the groups with the highest contribution to the global rate of cesarean section were the groups: 5, 1, 3 and 10. Finally, it is concluded that most women have been subjected to cesarean delivery, being higher the overall rate during the year indicated, consequently generated greater expenditure to the state, requiring increased budget to the health sector, it should be noted that there is the possibility of controlling through the induction of pregnant women for vaginal delivery application of effective methods and techniques to generate confidence to the largest population of pregnant women.

Nos últimos tempos, a prática da cesárea nos centros hospitalares tem aumentado notavelmente, o que tem sido corroborado de acordo com fontes do INEI, enquanto a OMS padronizou que a variabilidade máxima é de 15%, o que gera um grave problema para o Estado em questões econômicas, A fim de verificar o problema, foi levado em conta o objetivo de caracterizar as mulheres que dão à luz por cesárea através de variáveis obstétricas da perspectiva de Robson, de modo que a pesquisa correspondeu à abordagem quantitativa, tipo não experimental e desenho descritivo, a amostra representada por 1365 mulheres registradas no banco de dados correspondente a 2019. A análise dos resultados obedeceu ao método indutivo-dedutivo, que nos permitiu diferenciar a taxa geral de cesárea, o modelo de Robson mostrou um resultado de 53%, que é 38% maior do que o estabelecido pela OMS, enquanto os grupos com maior contribuição para a taxa geral de cesárea foram os grupos 5, 1, 3 e 10. Finalmente, conclui-se que a maioria das mulheres passou por cesarianas, sendo a taxa geral mais alta durante o ano em questão, e como resultado, o Estado gastou mais dinheiro, exigindo um aumento no orçamento do setor de saúde. Deve-se notar que é possível controlar as mulheres grávidas através da indução ao parto vaginal, aplicando métodos e técnicas eficazes que gerarão confiança na população maior de mulheres grávidas.

A Review on Logistic Regression in Medical Research

In today抯 scenarios many healthcare decisions are being taken by predictive modeling and machine learning techniques. With this review, we focused on logistic regression model, a kind of predictive modeling used in machine learning, and how healthcare researchers take decisions by the help of predictive modeling. For a better data analysis in healthcare, we need to understand the concept of logistic regression as well as others terms, which are linked with it. so that we can clearly understand the concept behind it and implement in medical research. In this review we worked on an example and illustrated how to perform logistic regression using R programming language. The aim of this paper is to understand logistic regression in healthcare and implement it for decision making.

Programación temprana de la hipertensión arterial / Early programming of hypertension

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un factor de riesgo modificable de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y debe incluirse dentro del estudio de los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y enfermedad (DOHaD). Durante el desarrollo intrauterino y perinatal, diferentes factores ambientales impactan en la programación temprana de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). En esta revisión se resume la evidencia que vincula los cambios adaptativos y la plasticidad del feto a factores ambientales desfavorables alterando el fenotipo adulto en el desarrollo de HTA. Estos cambios adaptativos responden a cambios epigenéticos que favorecen el desarrollo de HTA y ECV en la edad adulta con implicancias intergeneracionales. Por último, se mencionan estrategias preventivas para limitar o revertir algunas de las variables que pueden producir alteraciones en la programación del desarrollo que conducen a HTA en etapas más tardías de la vida.

Hypertension (HTN) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and should be included in the study of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). During intrauterine and perinatal development, different environmental factors have an impact on the early programming of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This review provides a summary of the evidence that connects the fetus' plasticity and adaptive changes to unfavorable environmental factors that alter the adult phenotype in the development of HTN. Such adaptive changes result from epigenetic changes that favor the development of HTN and CVD in adulthood with intergenerational implications. Lastly, we mention preventive strategies to limit or reverse any variable that may alter developmental programming leading to HTN later in life.

Fetal programming: research status and reversal of intergenerational obesity caused by maternal obesity / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Fetal programming refers to as the process that organ structures and related functions undergo programming at the embryo and fetus phase. Any stimulus and injuries during embryo and fetal development can lead to changes in multiple fetal organs. Among them, maternal obesity is an important factor. This work reviews the data from recent animal models and human regarding the effects of maternal obesity on fetal programming, with a particular focus on the mechanisms and reversal strategies.

A meta-analysis of mental health and coping methods for caregivers based on neuro-linguistic programming / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of programming-based neuroverbal psychological intervention on the mental health and coping mode of caregivers.Methods:Chinese and English databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and literature on the impact of neuro-linguistic programming on nursing mental health and response methods were collected. The retrieval time limit was from self-built library to January 2022.Quality evaluation and data collation of the included literature were conducted. All data were analyzed by Meta-analysis using RevMan5.4, Stata15.0 software.Results:7 literature articles were included, a total of 1 293 nursing staff, the results of Meta-analysis showed that the psychological intervention experimental group applying neuro-linguistic programming was in somatization ( MD = -0.31, 95% CI -0.34 - -0.28, P<0.001), interpersonal relationship sensitive ( MD = -0.36, 95% CI -0.53 - -0.19, P<0.001), depression ( MD = -0.98, 95% CI -1.54 - -0.42, P = 0.006), anxiety ( MD = -0.97, 95% CI -1.43 - -0.51, P<0.001), adversary ( MD = -0.29, 95% CI -0.52 - -0.06, P = 0.010), remorse ( MD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.16 - 0.34, P<0.001), help ( MD = -0.42, 95% CI -0.58 - -0.27, P<0.001), fantasy ( MD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.22 - 0.29, P<0.001), retreat ( MD = 1.06, 95% CI 0.37 - 1.76, P = 0.003) was statistically different when compared to the control groups. Conclusion:Psychological intervention based on neurolinguistic programming has a significant positive effect on mental health and coping style of nursing staff, which can reduce psychological emotions and improve coping ability.

A new automatic planning approach: clinical practice of Eclipse scripting application programming interface combined with RapidPlan / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To propose an automatic planning approach for Eclipse15.6 planning system based on Eclipse scripting application programming interface (ESAPI) and evaluate its clinical application.Methods:20 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 20 cases of rectal cancer were selected in the clinical planning. The developed automatic planning script SmartPlan and RapidPlan were used for automatic planning and dosimetric parameters were compared with manual planning. The differences were compared between two groups by using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:The dosimetric results of automatic and manual plans could meet clinical requirements. There was no significant difference in target coverage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma planning between two groups ( P>0.05), and automatic plans were superior to manual plans in organs at risk sparing ( P<0.05). Except for the homogeneity index of PTV and the maximum dose of bowel in rectal cancer plans, the other dosimetric parameters of the automatic plans were better than those of the manual plans (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the manual plans, the automatic plans have the same or similar target coverage, similar or better protection of organs at risk, and more convenient implementation. The developed SmartPlan based on ESAPI has clinical feasibility and effectiveness.

Ciência da disseminação em DOHaD para a promoção da saúde nas futuras gerações / Dissemination Science in DOHaD for health promotion in future generations

Após o reconhecimento de princípios evolutivos e da epigenética associada à plasticidade do desenvolvimento, a ciência de DOHaD (Origens Desenvolvimentistas da Saúde e Doença) floresceu. Segundo DOHaD, a exposição a condições adversas no início da vida, como a subnutrição, leva a respostas adaptativas para aumentar as chances de sobrevivência imediata e posterior, as quais podem aumentar o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no curso da vida. Outros insultos como obesidade (materna e paterna) na preconcepção e gestação, diabetes gestacional, aleitamento e a alimentação inadequada na infância podem induzir respostas não adaptativas e aumentar o risco de doenças, independentemente do ambiente posterior. A exposição à desreguladores endócrinos, substâncias tóxicas e poluentes também podem ter efeitos de longo prazo. Esses efeitos são mediados por alterações epigenéticas, as quais se tornam mais sensíveis nesse período crítico de desenvolvimento de intensa reorganização. Diante da transição nutricional e coexistência das diferentes formas de desnutrição nos países de baixa e média renda (PBMR); do aumento global das DCNT, cujo impacto social e econômico é maior nesses países; da fraca contribuição de fatores genéticos fixos na etiologia dessas doenças; e da ineficácia das atuais intervenções, a implementação de DOHaD representa uma estratégia potencial para beneficiar as futuras gerações. Considerando que a disseminação de DOHaD não têm acompanhado seu florescimento científico, esse trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um ebook direcionado para nutricionistas e um artigo relativo aos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na perspectiva de DOHaD, a fim de aproximar a ciência destes profissionais e fomentar sua implementação. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura a partir artigos científicos em inglês e português, publicados nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e BVS, sem limite de data. O trabalho evidenciou que o desafio da dupla carga de doenças e das diferentes formas de desnutrição nos PBMR, foi agravado pela pandemia, tornando imperativo medidas de intervenção por seu provável impacto no ciclo intergeracional de DCNT e desenvolvimento dos países. A aproximação dessa ciência do nutricionista, propicia uma formação mais ampla e integrativa, através de capacitação técnica e habilidades interpessoais, capazes de acionar as fragilidades biopsicossociais, e melhor intervir, equacionando resultados de curto e longo prazo, a fim de interromper o ciclo intergeracional de DCNT, assim como otimizar o capital humano, a capacidade de produção e renda da futura geração. Conclui-se que o material desenvolvido é de grande valia, dado que a disseminação desse conhecimento deve se estender aos nutricionistas de todas as áreas e ser multiplicado

After evolutionary and epigenetics principles associated with the plasticity of development were recognized, DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) science flourished. According to DOHaD, the exposure to adverse conditions at the beginning of life, like undernutrition, leads to adaptive responses to increased immediate and later odds of survival, which may increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) during life. Other conditions such as obesity (maternal and paternal) in preconception and pregnancy, gestational diabetes, lactation, and inadequate nourishment during infancy can induce non-adaptive responses and increased risk of diseases, regardless of the upcoming environment. The exposure to endocrine disruptors, and toxic and pollutant substances can also have long-term effects. Those effects are mediated by epigenetic changes, which become more sensitive during this critical period of development under intense reorganization. Considering the nutritional transition and coexistence of the different forms of undernutrition in the low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); the global increase of NCDs, with a higher social and economic impact in those countries; the weak contribution of fixed genetic factors in the etiology of those diseases; and the inefficacy of current interventions, the implementation of DOHaD represents a potential strategy to benefit future generations. Considering that the dissemination of DOHaD have not followed its scientific progress, the goal of the present work was to develop an e-book targeting nutritionists and an article about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the perspective of DOHaD, intended to drive the science closer to those professionals and foster its implementation. It is a narrative review of the literature regarding scientific articles published in English and Portuguese on the data bases SciELO, PubMed and BVS, with no date limit. The work has highlighted that the challenge of the double burden of the diseases and the several forms of undernutrition in the LMIC, was aggravated by the pandemic, making intervention measures imperative due to its likely impact on the intergenerational cycle of NCD and the development of countries. By inching closer to nutritionists this science provides larger and more integrative education through technical training and interpersonal abilities that help activate biopsychosocial fragilities, and better intervention; providing short- and long-term results aiming to interrupt the NCD intergenerational cycle, as well as optimize the human capital, the work and income capacity of the future generation. It is concluded that the material developed is of great value, given that the dissemination of this knowledge should reach all nutritionists from all areas and be multiplied

Early introduction of exercise prevents insulin resistance in postnatal overfed rats

Early childhood obesity increases the risk of developing metabolic diseases. We examined the early introduction of exercise in small-litter obese-induced rats (SL) on glucose metabolism in the epididymal adipose tissue (AT) and soleus muscle (SM). On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three (SL). On day 22, rats were split into sedentary (S and SLS) and exercise (E and SLE) groups. The rats swam three times/week carrying a load for 30 min. In the first week, they swam without a load; in the 2nd week, they carried a load equivalent to 2% of their body weight; from the 3rd week to the final week, they carried a 5% body load. At 85 days of age, an insulin tolerance test was performed in some rats. At 90 days of age, rats were killed, and blood was harvested for plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triacylglycerol measurements. Mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal, and brown adipose tissues were removed and weighed. SM and AT were incubated in the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, 5.5 mM glucose for 1 h with or without 10 mU/mL insulin. Comparison between the groups was performed by 3-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc test. Sedentary, overfed rats had greater body mass, more visceral fat, lower lactate production, and insulin resistance. Early introduction of exercise reduced plasma cholesterol and contained the deposition of white adipose tissue and insulin resistance. In conclusion, the early introduction of exercise prevents the effects of obesity on glucose metabolism in adulthood in this rat model.

Percepção do aprendizado nas disciplinas de programação do ensino técnico baseada em modelos mentais / Perception of learning in the programming lectures of technical education based on mental models

As Ciências Cognitivas têm como objeto de estudo a compreensão da mente humana e de sua capacidade de aprendizado. Uma maneira de entender esse aprendizado é por meio de modelos mentais, que podem ser vistos como um conjunto de regras, pensamentos e formas de interação com a realidade. Neste trabalho, é apresentado um estudo sobre a percepção do aprendizado nas disciplinas de programação do Ensino Técnico Integrado, por meio de uma investigação indireta de modelos mentais construídos pelos alunos na resolução de problemas computacionais. Como principais contribuições deste trabalho, destacam-se uma análise baseada em questionário para identificar pontos fortes e fracos na estruturação de modelos mentais e a validação das inferências realizadas através de testes de significância estatística. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, embora as turmas analisadas encontrarem-se abaixo dos níveis desejados, comprovou-se uma evolução dos modelos mentais observados de uma série para a seguinte.

Cognitive Sciences have as their object of study the understanding of the human mind and its ability to learn. One way to understand this learning is through mental models, which can be seen as a set of rules, thoughts, and ways of interacting with reality. In this paper, we present a study about the perception of learning in the programming disciplines of Integrated Technical Education, through an indirect investigation of mental models built by students in solving computational problems. The main contributions of this work are an analysis based on questionnaire to identify strengths and weakness in the structuring of mental models, and the validation of the inferred conclusions through statistical tests. The obtained results show that although the analyzed classes are raked in levels lower than the expected, an evolution of the observed mental models from a grade to the following was observed.

Viabilidade no atendimento às normas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e sua relação com custo dos cardápios / Feasibility in meeting nutrient amounts of the National School Feeding Program and its relationship with the menu cost

Resumo O estudo avaliou a viabilidade da adequação de cardápios em relação às exigências nutricionais estabelecidas pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e a relação entre o custo do cardápio. Cada cardápio semanal contou de uma combinação de alimentos dentro de cada grupo. Para cada combinação de alimentos foi elaborado um modelo de otimização de dados para obter as quantidades de cada alimento de forma a atender às exigências do PNAE ao menor custo possível (cardápios com 20% e 30% da ingestão dietética de referência para energia, macronutrientes, cálcio, ferro, magnésio, zinco, vitaminas A e C, além de restrições para sódio, gorduras saturada e trans, e açúcar de adição). Não foi obtida nenhuma solução que acomodasse todas as exigências do PNAE. Os componentes limitantes foram cálcio, sódio e carboidratos; para os demais os cardápios foram adequados. O custo foi diretamente correlacionado com a frequência de carne e frutas, e inversamente com os conteúdos de sódio e carboidratos, e com as frequências de arroz e feijão. A probabilidade de adequação de carboidratos foi próxima de zero quando a frequência de carne foi acima de 1 vez por semana. Concluindo, é pouco provável a obtenção de cardápios que atendam à todas as exigências do PNAE.

Abstract We evaluated the feasibility of the menu adequacy regarding the nutritional constraints established by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and its relation to the cost. Each menu accounted for a given food combination within each food group. A diet optimization model comprising each set of foods was designed to obtain food quantities in order to meet the exigences of the PNAE at the lowest cost (menus with 20% and 30% of dietary reference intake for energy, macronutrients, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A and C, also restrictions for sodium, saturated and trans fats, and added sugar). There was no feasible solution that accommodated all nutrient targets. Limiting components were calcium, sodium, and carbohydrates; but the menus were adequate for the other nutrients. There was a positive correlation between the menu cost and the frequency of meat and fruits, and a negative correlation with the contents of sodium and carbohydrates, and with the frequencies of rice and beans. The probability of obtaining carbohydrate adequacy was close to zero when the meat frequency was higher than one serving per week. In conclusion, it is unlikely to obtain menus that meet all the requirements of the PNAE.

Realization of interactive assessment form of radiotherapy dose based on Eclipse Scripting API / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To realize the interactive form evaluation of radiotherapy dose and the automatic calculation of conformity index (CI) and heterogeneity index (HI) in the Eclipse planning system.Methods:The Eclipse Scripting API application development interface and C# programming language were employed to develop it with script plug-ins combined with independent programs. The visual interface programming and call the relevant dose query function in the API were utilized to realize the interactive table dose evaluation and the automatic calculation of HI. The functions of calling dosage structure creation and structure Boolean operation in the API were adopted to realize the automatic calculation of CI.Results:15 clinical radiotherapy cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected. The dose evaluation results were statistically compared between this method and the module equipped in the Eclipse system. The results showed that the accuracy was consistent between these two methods ( P>0.05), whereas the evaluation efficiency of this method was significantly higher compared with that of the Eclipse system module ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The interactive evaluation form in this article has a friendly interface, which allows users to more conveniently perform dose assessment, multi-plan comparison, and calculation of CI and HI, which effectively improves work efficiency and can better serve the clinical and scientific research work of radiotherapy.

Application of VBA programming to achieve high quality critical illness score / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To establish a high-quality critical illness scoring program by VBA programming.Methods:The acute physiology and chronic health evaluatin Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ), Logistic organ dysfunction score (LODS) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) were combined into a program with visual basic for applications (VBA) of Microsoft Excel. Taking the case data published in the literature as an example, the program was applied to SOFA score. First, directly copied the patient's data, such as age, body weight, body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, blood routine, blood biochemistry, blood gas analysis, etc. Then, returned to the program, clicked the "paste data" button, and the data would be automatically filled in, and selected the worst option. Then, the usage of norepinephrine, mechanical ventilation, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and 24-hour urine volume were input according to the situation. Finally, clicked the "score" button to get SOFA score.Results:Pasted the data directly into the critical illness scoring program and checked it accordingly. The total time from data input to abtaining scoring result was less than 2 minutes; and the repeatability was strong.Conclusion:The application of VBA self-programming can quickly and accurately perform critical illness scoring.

Simulation study on variable selection method for high-dimensional biomedical data / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To compare the performance of five commonly used variable selection methods in high-dimensional biomedical data variable screening so as to explore the effects of sample size and association among candidate variables on screening results and provide evidence for the development of variable selection strategy in high-dimensional biomedical data analysis. 【Methods】 Variable selection algorithms were implemented based on R-programming language. Monte Carlo method was used to simulate high-dimensional biomedical data under different conditions to evaluate and compare the performance of different variable selection methods. Variable selection performance was evaluated based on the true positive rate and true negative rate in screening. 【Results】 For specified high-dimensional data, the variable selection performance was improved for all the methods when sample size was increased, and the association between candidate variables did affect variable screening results. Simulation results indicated that the elastic network algorithm yielded the best screening performance, LASSO algorithm took the second place, and ridge algorithm did not work at all. 【Conclusion】 Elastic network algorithm is an ideal variable screening method for high-dimensional data variable screening.

Research and suggestion on the plan of environmental radioactivity level investigation / 中国辐射卫生

The investigation of environmental radioactivity level is an important basic work of ecological environment protection. It can provide basic data and scientific basis for the evaluation of radioactive environment quality and the formulation of radiation safety regulations and standards. Based on many years of practical experience of environmental radioactivity level investigation, combined with relevant regulations and standards, this paper summarizes the common investigation methods in the investigation and research of environmental radioactivity level at home and abroad, summarizes a set of environmental radioactivity level investigation scheme with strong applicability, and gives detailed suggestions on the ideas, methods, technical routes and other key points of the investigation scheme. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the preparation of environmental radioactive level investigation scheme.

Paternal High-Fat Diet Exposure Induces Adverse Effects on Offspring Health: a Systematic Review of Animal Studies

Abstract This systematic review examined the effects of paternal exposure to a high-fat diet on the likelihood of offspring developing health consequences, including metabolic conditions. While the connection between a mother's diet and offspring health has been well established, our understanding of whether offspring health is affected by a father's diet remains limited. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. The PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases were searched using combinations of the MESH terms: obesogenic diet, high-fat diet, cafeteria diet, paternal diet, parental diet, programming, paternal effects, and paternal programming. Sixteen studies were selected after assessing articles for eligibility criteria. The main outcomes concerning offspring health related to metabolic disorders. The offspring of fathers exposed to a high-fat diet displayed elevated gene expression and serum levels of leptin, decreased gene expression and serum levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, changes in the transcriptome of pancreatic islet tissues, increased triglycerides, and increased expression of lipogenic genes. The available evidence suggests that paternal exposure to a high-fat diet may induce harmful effects on the health of offspring.

La valoración de la percepción de padres/cuidadores sobre manual de estimulación del movimiento y lenguaje: Para niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje entre 3 a 4 años / The assesment of the perception of parents caregives on the manual of movement and languaje stimulación: For children with specific language disorder between 3 and 4 years of age

El lenguaje es una función cognitiva, esta es muy importante ya que nos permite compartir y organizar nuestra vida cotidiana; al mismo tiempo es un pilar fundamental de las relaciones humanas. Sin embargo, no todos los menores desarrollan el lenguaje de manera adecuada. En Chile es posible observar una alta prevalencia del Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje (TEL), siendo necesaria la creación de Manuales para la estimulación de los niños en el hogar, donde Padres/Cuidadores actúan como agentes principales en esta tarea, complementando lo entregado en los establecimientos a los cuales asisten estos menores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la percepción de padres/ cuidadores sobre el Manual de Estimulación del Movimiento y Lenguaje, para niños con Trastorno específico del Lenguaje (TEL) entre 3 a 4 años de edad. El estudio fue abordado bajo un alcance descriptivo, donde participaron 109 padres. Dentro de los resultados fue posible observar que más del 50% de ellos consideró que el contenido, la forma de presentación y los ejercicios eran adecuados seleccionando la opción muy de acuerdo. De lo anterior, es posible concluir que la percepción que presentan los padres/cuidadores sobre el Manual de Estimulación del Movimiento y Lenguaje, es favorable para su difusión. Esto representa una oportunidad de utilizar este manual como una herramienta de entrenamiento para cuidadores de niños con diagnóstico de trastornos específicos del lenguaje y posteriormente evaluar la efectividad del mismo en el progreso de los menores.

Language is a cognitive function, which is important because it allows us to share and organize our daily lives; at the same time it is a fundamental pillar of human relationships. However, not all children develop language adequately. In Chile it is possible to observe a high prevalence of specific language disorder, being necessary the creation of manuals for the stimulation of children at home, where parents/caregivers act as main agents in this task, complementing what is delivered in the establishments attended by these minors. The objective of this study is to assess the perception of parents/caregivers about the Movement and Language Stimulation Manual for children with Specific Language Disorder (SLD) between 3 and 4 years of age. The study was approached under a descriptive scope, where 109 parents participated. Within the results, it was possible to observe that more than 50% of them considered that the content, the form of presentation and the exercises were adequate, selecting the option with strong agreement. From the above, it is possible to conclude that the perception presented by parents/caregivers about the Movement and Language Stimulation Manual is favorable for its dissemination. This represents an opportunity to use this manual as a training tool for caregivers of children diagnosed with specific language disorders and subsequently evaluate the effectiveness of the program in the children's progress.

Replacing ultra-processed foods with fresh foods to meet the dietary recomendations: a matter of cost? / ¿Reemplazar comidas ultraprocesadas por comida fresca para cumplir con las recomendaciones dietéticas: una cuestión de coste? / Substituir alimentos ultraprocessados por alimentos frescos para atender as recomendações alimentares: uma questão de custo?

The study aimed to analyze the economic impact of the adoption of optimized and nutritionally balanced diets to Brazilian families, considering the Brazilian dietary guidelines and the economic disparities of the population. Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey from 2008-2009 (550 strata; 55,970 households) were used. About 1,700 foods and beverages purchased by the Brazilians were classified into 4 groups according to NOVA system. Linear programming models estimated isoenergetic diets preserving the current diet as baseline and optimizing healthier diets gradually based on the "golden rule" of the Brazilian dietary guidelines, respecting nutritional restrictions for macronutrients and micronutrients (based on international recommendations) and food acceptance limits (10th and 90th percentiles of the per capita calorie distribution from the population). The diet cost was defined based on the sum of the average cost of each food group, both in the current and optimized diets (BRL per 2,000Kcal/person/day). The economic impact of the Brazilian dietary guidelines to Brazilian household budget was analyzed by comparison the cost of the optimized diets to the cost of the current diet, calculated for the total population and by income level. Three healthier diets were optimized. Current diet cost was BRL 3.37, differed among low- and high-income strata (BRL 2.62 and BRL 4.17, respectively). Regardless of income, diet cost decreased when approaching the guidelines. However, low-income strata compromised their household budget more than two times the high-income strata (20.2% and 7.96%, respectively). Thus, the adoption of healthier eating practices can be performed with the same or lower budget.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el impacto económico de la adopción de dietas optimizadas y nutricionalmente equilibradas en familias brasileñas, considerando las guías alimentarias y las disparidades económicas de la población. Los datos se recopilaron de la Encuesta de Presupuestos por Hogares desde 2008-2009 (550 estratos; 55 970 hogares). Se clasificaron alrededor de 1.700 comidas y bebidas, adquiridas por brasileños en 4 grupos, según el sistema NOVA. Los modelos de programación lineal estimaron dietas isoenergéticas, preservando la dieta actual como base de referencia, y optimizando las dietas más sanas gradualmente, basadas en la "regla de oro" de las guías alimentarias, respecto a restricciones nutricionales en macronutrientes y micronutrientes (basadas en recomendaciones internacionales), y los límites de aceptación alimentarios (10o y 90o percentiles de la distribución calórica per cápita de la población). El coste de la dieta se definió basado en el total del coste medio de cada grupo de comida, ambos en las dietas actual y optimizada (BRL por 2.000Kcal/persona/día). El impacto económico de las guías alimentarias para el presupuesto por hogar se analizó mediante comparación del coste de dietas optimizadas con el coste de la dieta actual, calculado para el total de población y por nivel de ingresos. Se optimizaron las tres dietas más saludables. El coste de la dieta actual fue BRL 3,37, diferenciando los estratos entre bajo- y altos-ingresos (BRL 2,62 y BRL 4,17, respectivamente). A pesar del ingreso, el coste de la dieta decreció cuando se aproximaba a las recomendaciones de las guías. No obstante, los estratos de bajos ingresos comprometieron su presupuesto doméstico más de dos veces, respecto a los estratos de ingresos más altos (20,2% y 7,96%, respectivamente). Por ello, la adopción de prácticas alimentarias más sanas se puede conseguir con el mismo presupuesto o incluso más bajo.

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o impacto econômico da adoção de dietas otimizadas e nutricionalmente balanceadas para famílias brasileiras, considerando as diretrizes alimentares para a população brasileira e as disparidades econômicas da população. Foram usados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Orçamentos Familiares de 2008-2009 (550 estratos; 55.970 domicílios). Cerca de 1,7 mil alimentos e bebidas adquiridos pelos brasileiros foram classificados em quatro grupos de acordo com o sistema NOVA. Modelos de programação linear estimaram dietas isoenergéticas preservando a dieta atual como linha de base e otimizando dietas mais saudáveis gradativamente com base na "regra de ouro" das diretrizes alimentares, respeitando restrições nutricionais para macronutrientes e micronutrientes (com base em recomendações internacionais) e limites de aceitação alimentar (10º e 90º percentis da distribuição de calorias per capita da população). O custo da dieta foi definido a partir da soma do custo médio de cada grupo de alimentos, tanto na dieta atual quanto na otimizada (R$ por 2.000Kcal/pessoa/dia). O impacto econômico das diretrizes alimentares para o orçamento familiar brasileiro foi analisado comparando-se o custo das dietas otimizadas com o custo da dieta atual, calculado para a população total e por nível de renda. Três dietas mais saudáveis foram otimizadas. O custo da dieta atual era de R$ 3,37, diferindo entre os estratos de baixa e alta renda (R$ 2,62 vs. R$ 4,17). Independentemente da renda, o custo da dieta diminuiu com a abordagem das diretrizes. No entanto, os estratos de baixa renda comprometeram seu orçamento familiar mais de duas vezes que os estratos de alta renda (20,20% vs. 7,96%). Assim, a adoção de práticas alimentares mais saudáveis pode ser realizada com orçamento igual ou inferior.