Analysis of radioactive occupational hazard and protective measures in iodine-125 seed source manufacturer / 中国职业医学

Objective To analyze the occupational hazards and protective measures for personnel in an iodine-125(125I) seed source production company. Methods In 2022, a 125I seed source production enterprise in Guangdong Province was selected as the research subject. The occupational hazards in the workplace of the research subject was identified using the system engineering analysis method. The FLUAK program based on Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the blocking protection of the production of the 125I seed source, and to estimate the dose of internal and external irradiation of seed source that affected workers. Results The main occupational radiation hazards in the seed production were non-sealed radioactive materials, including external irradiation from X-ray and γ ray and internal irradiation from aerosols formed by iodine volatilization. Estimated maximum dose equivalent rate around the chest and eye lens for workers were 0.52 and 0.02 μSv/h, respectively. The expected annual effective dose for workers in each work site was 0.035 mSv, and the expected annual equivalent dose to the eye lens for all workers in various work sites was 0.001 mSv. The maximum annual equivalent dose of operator's hand was 80.620 mSv. The maximum dose of internal irradiation to the worker was 18.750 mSv, which was caused by the volatilization of nuclides. Conclusion With effective protection measures for internal and external irradiation in place, the annual exposure doses for seed production personnel and operator’s hand are below the national limits. Adequate measures should be taken on hand protection.

Medidas protetivas para o enfrentamento da Covid 19 sob a ótica dos profissionais de saúde de um complexo hospitalar de Curitiba / Protective measures to face Covid 19 from the perspective of health professionals at a hospital complex in Curitiba

Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar as medidas protetivas para a Covid-19 junto aos profissionais de saúde de um complexo hospitalar do município de Curitiba-PR. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e analítica, de natureza exploratória e abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em um complexo hospitalar universitário da capital paranaense. Nesta pesquisa, para definição da amostra, foi utilizada a técnica de amostragem não intencional e não probabilística, bola de neve e participaram 104 profissionais de saúde (enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, fisioterapeutas e médicos), que atuam em unidades com atendimento direto ao paciente suspeito ou confirmado da Covid-19. A coleta de dados foi desenvolvida entre os meses de maio e agosto de 2021, por meio de entrevista on-line, em que se utilizou de um questionário estruturado, composto por questões fechadas sobre o perfil sócio-ocupacional, histórico ocupacional e medidas de enfrentamento para Covid-19. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e pelos testes de qui quadrado, exato de Fisher, odds ratio com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Dos 104 participantes, 57,7% (n=60) eram enfermeiros, 84,6% (n=88) do sexo feminino, 42,3% estavam na faixa etária entre 30 e 39 anos e 38,5% (n=40) tiveram a Covid-19. Com relação à exposição a riscos e agravos: a média de idade entre os profissionais de saúde positivos para Covid-19 foi de 36,2 anos; 62,5% dos participantes referiram estar parcialmente seguros no ambiente de trabalho e contraíram Covid-19; 36,7% dos profissionais de saúde que realizaram procedimentos geradores de aerossol testaram positivo para a doença. Na associação do perfil sócioocupacional com o acidente com material biológico, 5,8% dos profissionais tiveram algum tipo de acidente. Em relação às medidas protetivas para a Covid-19, 66,7% dos profissionais de saúde negativos para o agravo, relataram terem participado de capacitações no ambiente de trabalho (p=0,006 OR: 0,2 [0,06-0,69]). Sobre o fornecimento de equipamentos de proteção Individual, afirmaram a presença deles, 59,2% dos profissionais negativos para covid-19 (p=0,05). Na realização dos cinco momentos de higienização das mãos, 83,3% dos entrevistados que mencionaram realizar a ação na maioria das vezes ao invés de sempre, conforme recomendado, testaram positivo para Covid-19 (p<0,001 OR: 10,89 [2,24-53,03]). Na associação de adesão às medidas protetivas e acidente com material biológico, observou-se que o uso do protetor facial ou óculos de proteção, quando utilizado sempre, foi um fator de proteção para não ocorrer nenhum tipo de acidente (p<0,001). Já, para o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual durante procedimentos geradores de aerossóis, quando comparado com o uso sempre, conforme recomendado, aqueles que mencionaram usar, na maioria das vezes, apresentaram maior risco para acidente (p=0,015 OR:7,67 [1,16-50,63]). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que as medidas protetivas foram indispensáveis e que sua adesão possibilitou redução da exposição dos profissionais de saúde a riscos e agravos à saúde. Ressalta-se que a participação em capacitações, o uso e o fornecimento de equipamentos de proteção individual e a higienização das mãos foram medidas importantes no enfrentamento da pandemia, sendo assim, recomenda-se que essas medidas sejam amplamente utilizadas como barreira contra a exposição dos profissionais de saúde à contaminação pela Covid- 19.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the protective measures for Covid-19 with health professionals from a hospital complex in the city of Curitiba-PR. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical research, with an exploratory nature and a quantitative approach, developed in a university hospital complex in the capital of Paraná. In this research, to define the sample, the unintentional and non-probabilistic sampling technique was used, snowball, and 104 health professionals participated (nurses, nursing technicians, physiotherapists and physicians), who work in units with direct patient care. suspected or confirmed Covid-19. Data collection was carried out between May and August 2021, through an online interview, in which a structured questionnaire was used, consisting of closed questions about the socio-occupational profile, occupational history and coping measures. for Covid-19. Data were analyzed descriptively and by chi-square, Fisher's exact and odds ratio tests with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the 104 participants, 57.7% (n=60) were nurses, 84.6% (n=88) were female, 42.3% were aged between 30 and 39 years and 38.5% ( n=40) had Covid-19. Regarding exposure to risks and injuries: the average age among health professionals positive for Covid-19 was 36.2 years; 62.5% of participants reported being partially safe in the work environment and having contracted Covid-19; 36.7% of healthcare professionals who performed aerosol-generating procedures tested positive for the disease. In the association of the socio-occupational profile with the accident with biological material, 5.8% of the professionals had some type of accident. Regarding protective measures for Covid-19, 66.7% of health professionals negative for the disease reported having participated in training in the work environment (p=0.006 OR: 0.2 [0.06-0.69 ]). Regarding the supply of Personal Protective Equipment, 59.2% of professionals were negative for Covid-19 (p=0.05). In performing the five hand hygiene moments, 83.3% of respondents who mentioned performing the action most of the time instead of always, as recommended, tested positive for Covid-19 (p<0.001 OR: 10.89 [2] .24-53.03]). In the association of adherence to protective measures and accidents with biological material, it was observed that the use of face shields or goggles, when used always, was a protective factor for no type of accident to occur (p<0.001). On the other hand, for the use of personal protective equipment during aerosol-generating procedures, when compared to always using it, as recommended, those who mentioned using it, most of the time, had a higher risk of accident (p=0.015 OR:7.67 [1.16-50.63]). Conclusion: It was concluded that the protective measures were indispensable and that their adherence made it possible to reduce the exposure of health professionals to risks and health problems. It is noteworthy that participation in training, the use and supply of personal protective equipment and hand hygiene were important measures in facing the pandemic, therefore, it is recommended that these measures be widely used as a barrier against the exposure of health professionals to contamination by Covid-19.

Impact of COVID-19 control measures on the spread of influenza / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of respiratory control measures before and after COVID-19 epidemic on influenza virus. MethodsThe percentage of influenza-like cases， the positive rate of influenza virus and the change of influenza outbreaks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared and analyzed by selecting the data of influenza surveillance sentinel-points in Shanghai. ResultsThe percentage of influenza-like illness after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 was significantly higher than that during the same period between 2017 and 2019. The positive rate of influenza virus detection in 2020 was significantly lower than the average rate of influenza virus detection from 2017 to 2019 with significant statistical difference （χ 2=2 359.07， P<0.001）. The number of outbreaks in 2020 was significantly lower than that from 2017 to 2019. ConclusionDuring the respiratory season， personal protection and reduction of human aggregation can effectively reduce the infection of influenza and the incidence of influenza in the population.

Impact of COVID-19 control measures on the spread of influenza / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of respiratory control measures before and after COVID-19 epidemic on influenza virus. MethodsThe percentage of influenza-like cases， the positive rate of influenza virus and the change of influenza outbreaks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared and analyzed by selecting the data of influenza surveillance sentinel-points in Shanghai. ResultsThe percentage of influenza-like illness after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 was significantly higher than that during the same period between 2017 and 2019. The positive rate of influenza virus detection in 2020 was significantly lower than the average rate of influenza virus detection from 2017 to 2019 with significant statistical difference （χ 2=2 359.07， P<0.001）. The number of outbreaks in 2020 was significantly lower than that from 2017 to 2019. ConclusionDuring the respiratory season， personal protection and reduction of human aggregation can effectively reduce the infection of influenza and the incidence of influenza in the population.

Sistema de evacuación seguro de neumoperitoneo y humo quirúrgico en cirugía laparoscópica mediante trampa de agua en tiempos de COVID-19 / Safe evacuation system for pneumoperitoneum and surgical smoke in laparoscopic surgery using a water trap in times of COVID-19

INTRODUCCIÓN: La reciente pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha hecho resurgir preocupación sobre la exposición inadvertida del equipo quirúrgico a agentes infecciosos transmisibles por vía aérea durante el acto quirúrgico. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la confección de un sistema de filtrado simple y de bajo costo que permite reducir el riesgo de exposición al virus, particularmente en el proceso de aspiración, recambio y remoción del neumoperitoneo en cirugía laparoscópica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Se diseñó e implementó un circuito cerrado de evacuación y de filtrado del neumoperitoneo en cirugías ginecológicas laparoscópicas en un centro de salud terciario. El circuito incluye un filtro HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) y una trampa de vacío que contiene una solución de inactivación en base a amonio cuaternario o hipoclorito de sodio. RESULTADOS: Desde su implementación se han realizado 17 cirugías laparoscópicas ginecológicas por diversas patologías. Dos de ellas fueron en pacientes Covid-19 (+). A la fecha no se han reportado contagios en el equipo médico que participó en la cirugía. CONCLUSIONES: Es posible implementar un sistema de evacuación del neumoperitoneo en cirugía laparoscópica presumiblemente eficaz en minimizar el riesgo de exposición al virus SARS-COV-2 (Covid-19). Su bajo costo lo hace especialmente recomendable en países en vías de desarrollo.

INTRODUCTION: The recent SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemics has raised concern on the incidental exposition of health team to air transmissible infectious agents during surgeries. The main goal of this work is to communicate a simple and low-cost filtering system allowing to reduce the risk of contagion related to the virus, associated with pneumoperitoneum removal during surgical laparoscopy. METHODS: A closed circuit of gas removal and filtering was developed and implemented in laparoscopic gynecologic procedures at a tertiary teaching hospital. The circuit included an HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter and a vacuum trap containing an inactivating solution based on quaternary ammonium or sodium hypochlorite. RESULTS: Since its introduction, seventeen laparoscopic surgeries have been carried out for different gynecologic pathologies. Two of them in Covid (+) cases. To date, no contagion has been reported among health teammates participating in these surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to implement a pneumoperitoneum evacuation system in laparoscopic surgery presumably effective in minimizing the risk of exposure to the SARS-COV-2 virus (Covid-19). Its low cost makes it especially recommended in developing countries.

The harm and protective measures of facial occupational exposure of dental medical and nursing personnel / 口腔疾病防治

@#There are many kinds of medical facial protective equipment with different functions. However, due to the lack of recognition of the hazards of facial occupational exposure, an incomplete understanding of the functions and effects of protective equipment and a lack of awareness, the proportion of staff that wear protective equipment in the Department of Stomatology is low. In this paper, the harmful and protective effects of face occupational exposure of dental staff were reviewed. A literature review showed that with the increasing prevalence of infection with AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and multidrug resistant bacteria in recent years, the occupational infection rate of medical staff in the Department of Stomatology has increased. The noise generated during oral treatment and the light from photosensitive curing lamps and treatment or surgical lasers can also cause occupational damage to hearing and vision. Face protection measures lack comprehensive functioning, and there is a lack of products that can be easily worn, indicating that the functions of face protection products need to be improved and strengthened. To minimize occupational infection and injury, we should not only improve the existing protective equipment but also improve personal protection awareness through advertising and education and comprehensively explore effective measures to improve occupational safety to ultimately achieve safe and high-quality medical services.

Awareness Regarding Practices Related to Infection Control among Dental Students in Patna City

Introduction: Cross infection control practice is essential toprotect both the patient and the dentist from blood and salivaborne infectious agents, including hepatitis B, C and HIV bydirect contact with contaminated instruments, fabrics and alsoby aerosols. Study aimed to assess the awareness regardingpractices related to infection control among dental student inPatna city.Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional studywhich was carried out in one of the dental teaching institutionsin Patna City. The subjects comprised of 180 dental students.The study subjects were third year; final year and Internstudents which were selected using convenience samplingtechnique. Their knowledge pertaining to infection controlpractices were assessed using a pretested self administeredquestionnaire. The questionnaire collected information onsocio demographic characteristics, and knowledge regardinginfection control practices. Data were analyzed using SPSSsoftware v20. Frequency distribution analysis and Chi sq testswere performed. p value<0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant.Results: The dental student had adequate knowledgeregarding personal protective measures and cross infectioncontrol but improvement was needed in areas of biomedicalwaste handling and disposal.Conclusion: A dental surgeon must take adequate protectionto prevent spread of harmful disease to self and other patients.Consequently inter-appointment disinfection of clinic surfacesis required to reduce the cross infection hazard.

Occupational hazards and health problems among traffic personnel of Mangaluru city

Background: Occupational health risks and hazards due to the polluted environment have become a serious public health concern. Thus, the duty-bound personnel like traffic police who are continuously exposed, may be at high risk and badly suffer from related health problems. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of occupational hazards and related health problems among traffic personnel in Mangaluru city. It also aimed to determine the association between occupational hazards and health problems. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among traffic personnel of Mangaluru city. A semi-structured questionnaire with established reliability and validity was used to measure occupational hazards, protective measures, and health problems. Results: The prevalence of respiratory morbidity, eye symptoms, and auditory symptoms was found to be 51.2%, 61.6%, and 47.5% respectively. Respiratory morbidity and duration of use of protective measures against air pollution are found to be significantly associated. The duration of exposure to noise pollution was also significantly associated with the auditory symptoms. Conclusions: Police personnel suffer from significant occupational health problems, due to hazards like air pollution and noise. Necessary protective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of traffic personnel. This study showed an association between occupational hazards and related health problems.

An occupational health survey of sewage treatment plant workers of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka

Background: Sanitation workers are at a risk of exposure to various health hazards which are preventable. The present study aimed at assessing the health status of sewage treatment plant (STP) workers, their respiratory morbidity and onsite assessment of their occupational safety.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a single STP during June-July months of 2017. A total of 32 employees were enrolled in the study. Data collection was done using a questionnaire, clinical examination and onsite assessment for occupational safety. The questionnaire included demographic details, clinical symptoms and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Clinical examination with special focus on respiratory system and portable spirometry was conducted followed by health education on workplace safety. Descriptive statistics were reported as mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and frequency and proportion for categorical variable.Results: None of the workers underwent pre-placement health check-up and routine health check-ups at regular interval. PPE were available in adequate number. Spirometry revealed 12 workers having forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) within normal limits and seven workers with mild restriction. Early small airway obstruction was found in six workers. Regarding the on-site safety, an absence of barricades at two places near anaerobic sludge reactor and clarifier tank was of concern.Conclusions: The workers in STP are at risk of respiratory occupational hazards and should undergo pre-placement and routine health check-up for prevention of occupational hazards. Physical safety in terms of barricades at appropriate sites also needs attention.

Study on occupational exposure characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in workers of Carbon Enterprises / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the characteristics of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the workplace and for various types of work in a carbon enterprise based on the measurement data of various components of PAHs in the air from the workplace of the carbon enterprise, and to provide a scientific basis for protection against PAHs in this enterprise.@*Methods@#In July 2017, a carbon enterprise in Shandong Province and its on-duty workers were chosen as subjects. On-site occupational hygiene investigation and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to investigate and determine the presence and concentrations of PAHs in various workshops and various types of work in the enterprise, and toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) was used to evaluate the carcinogenic level of PAHs.@*Results@#The components of PAHs with relatively high content in the air of the workplace in the carbon enterprise were fluoranthene, pyrene, benzanthracene, X, and benzo[a]pyrene, with mean concentrations of 1 485.66, 864.66, 805.35, 500.08, and 120.88 ng/m3, respectively. There were significant differences between the three workshops in the concentrations of PAHs components (benzo[a]pyrene, benzanthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, X, fluoranthene, pyrene, fluorene, indenopyrene, and anthracene) and total TEQ (P<0.05) . The total TEQ of PAHs in the molding workshop was significantly higher than that in other workshops (P<0.05) . There were significant differences between different types of work in the exposure to pyrene and fluoranthene and TEQ (P<0.05) . Shaking-table operators, moving-sieve operators, batching operators, fabric workers, and hot-oil stove workers had higher exposure levels of PAHs. The exposure concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and benzanthracene were highly correlated with total TEQ.@*Conclusion@#The concentration of PAHs in the working environment of the carbon enterprise is generally higher; benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene are the PAHs components against which special protective measures need to be taken; molding workshops are the workshops that are most seriously endangered by PAHs; shaking-table operators are the type of workers needing special protection against PAHs. The occupational hazards of PAHs in the carbon industry cannot be ignored, against which corresponding protective measures should be formulated based on their exposure characteristics.

Lei Maria da Penha, equipe multidisciplinar e medidas protetivas / Maria da Penha Law, multidisciplinary team and protective measures / Ley Maria da Penha, equipo multidisciplinario y medidas protectivas

Investiga-se o papel da Equipe de Atendimento Multidisciplinar na aplicação das medidas protetivas previstas na Lei Maria da Penha, a qual cria mecanismos para coibir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. A Equipe é composta por assistentes sociais e psicólogos. Com base em levantamento bibliográfico e documental exploram-se as demandas dirigidas à Equipe e as respostas por ela oferecidas, analisando-se os motivos de sua intervenção. Essas respostas apoiam-se nos profissionais envolvidos e relacionam-se com a interpretação da autoridade judicial. A intervenção da Equipe situa-se entre as expectativas e as dúvidas dos atores jurídicos e o acolhimento dos que se dirigem ao sistema judicial. Conclui-se que o aspecto punitivo da legislação não esgota os conflitos expressos nos casos de violência contra a mulher e as medidas protetivas sozinhas não garantem a integridade de sua demandante

The role of the Multidisciplinary assistance team in the execution of protective measures foreseen in Maria da Penha's law, which creates means to prevent domestic and in-house violence against women, is investigated. The team is composed of social workers and psychologists. Based on a bibliographic and documentary review, demands directed to the team are identified, as well as its responses by assessing the team's reasons for intervention. Such responses are based on the professionals and are related to the interpretation of the judicial authority. The intervention of the team is situated between the expectations and the doubts with respect to the justice players and the acceptance of the demands that are directed to it. As a conclusion, the punishment aspect of the legislation does not exhaust the conflicts in the form of violence against a woman and protective measures alone do not guarantee the integrity of women

Se investiga el papel del Equipo de Atención Multidisciplinar en la aplicación de las medidas de protección previstas en la Ley María da Penha, la cual crea mecanismos para cohibir la violencia doméstica y familiar contra la mujer. El equipo está compuesto por asistentes sociales y psicólogos. Con base en levantamiento bibliográfico y documental se exploran las demandas dirigidas al Equipo y las respuestas por él ofrecidas, analizándose los motivos de su intervención. Estas respuestas se apoyan en los profesionales involucrados y se relacionan con la interpretación de la autoridad judicial. La intervención del Equipo se sitúa entre las expectativas y las dudas de los actores jurídicos y la acogida de los que se dirigen al sistema judicial. Se concluye que el aspecto punitivo de la legislación no agota los conflictos presentes en los casos de violencia contra la mujer y las medidas protectivas por sí solas no garantizan la integridad de su demandante

Occupational exposure investigation and protective measures in a tertiary infectious disease hospital / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the cause of occupational exposure among 136 nurses in a tertiary infectious disease hospital, and puts forward the prevention strategy.@*Methods@#A total of 136 nurses exposed to occupational exposure between 2014 and 2016 were included in the study. Analysis was conducted from the years of work of nurses, exposure routes, and the pathogens.@*Results@#The nurses suffer from the highest risk of occupational exposures (73.91%) .Nurses working for less than 5 years and interns are most likely to suffer occupational exposure (45.59% and 35.29% respectively) . Occupational exposure was mainly caused by needle injuries, in which infusion was the main route of occupational exposure (36.76%) . The improper treatment of needle pulling after infusion is the main link of needle puncture (36.76%) . Occupational exposure pathogens were mainly HBV (63.24%) .@*Conclusion@#Nursing staff is the high-risk group of occupational exposure. Irregular operation, lack of awareness of protection, improper disposal after the needle withdrawal and poor safety assessment of the operating environment are the main causes of occupational exposure. It is suggested to strengthen the training of occupational safety and protection, enhance clinical nurses occupational safety protection consciousness, standardize medical operation, so as to prevent the occurrence of occupational exposure.

Investigation and analysis of perceived occupational risk of nurses in nocturnal hemodialysis / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the occupational risk of nurses in nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD), and to analyze the relevant factors and coping approach to occupational risk. Methods The occupational risk of 25 nurses at conventional hemodialysis (CHD) and 25 nurses at NHD were investigated using Nursing Occupational Risk Assessment Questionnaire. The Likert Scale 5-grade method was used to score the questionnaire, to obtain occupational risk index, and to analyze the relevant risk factors. Results The scores in 3 dimensions, including accidental risk, chemical risk, and ergonomical, psychosocial and organizational risk, in the NHD nurse group were significantly higher than those in the CHD nurse group (P<0.05). The average risk index scores of the harzard of irregular working hours, interpersonal relation disturbance, frequent shift work, overtime, and night shift, and the hazard of understaffing and overworking were in the top 2 of each sub events, and they belonged to the risks which were order not allowed. Conclusion The average risk index of the nurses at NHD is higher than at CHD, and the formative factors are specific. Hospital managers should take active measures to prevent and reduce the occupational risk.

Investigation and analysis of perceived occupational risk of nurses in nocturnal hemodialysis / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the occupational risk of nurses in nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD),and to analyze the relevant factors and coping approach to occupational risk.Methods The occupational risk of 25 nurses at conventional hemodialysis (CHD) and 25 nurses at NHD were investigated using Nursing Occupational Risk Assessment Questionnaire.The Likert Scale 5-grade method was used to score the questionnaire,to obtain occupational risk index,and to analyze the relevant risk factors.Results The scores in 3 dimensions,including accidental risk,chemical risk,and ergonomical,psychosocial and organizational risk,in the NHD nurse group were significantly higher than those in the CHD nurse group (P＜0.05).The average risk index scores of the harzard of irregular working hours,interpersonal relation disturbance,frequent shift work,overtime,and night shift,and the hazard of understaffing and overworking were in the top 2 of each sub events,and they belonged to the risks which were order not allowed.Conclusion The average risk index of the nurses at NHD is higher than at CHD,and the formative factors are specific.Hospital managers should take active measures to prevent and reduce the occupational risk.

Pericias psicológicas y otros medios probatorios de las decisiones en las comisarías de familia de Bogotá: casos de violencia de pareja contra la mujer / Forensic Psychological Evaluation and Other Evidences to the Decision Making Process in Administrative Family Courts in Bogotá: Partner Violence Against Women

En este artículo se presenta el estudio que establece la asociación de las pericias psicológicas y otros medios probatorios con las decisiones de los operadores de justicia en las Comisarías de Familia de Bogotá; para lo cual, se realizó una investigación con diseño analítico de corte transversal descriptivo con 47 mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja que solicitaron medida de protección en el Centro de Atención Integral contra la Violencia Intrafamiliar (CAVIF). Se analizaron los fallos de las medidas de protección definitivas impuestas en 16 comisarías de familia de 13 localidades de Bogotá. Los resultados mostraron que no existe asociación entre la utilización de las pericias psicológicas, dictamen de lesiones no fatales del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLCF), informes sociales, denuncias de Fiscalía y testimonios de terceros, con las decisiones tomadas por los comisarios de familia. Solo se encontró asociación entre la aceptación de cargos, con las decisiones de aprobación de acuerdo conciliatorio y conminación a no agresión del accionado.

This study aimed to establish the association of the forensic psychological evaluation and other evidences to the decision making process by judicial operators in administrative family courts in Bogotá, through a research with a transversal descriptive cut analytical design on 47 women, victims of partner violence, who sought protective measures at the Integral Care Center against Domestic Violence (CAVIF). Analyzing the final protective measures imposed in 16 administrative family courts on Bogotá, the results showed no association between the use of forensic psychological evaluations, expert's concept of nonfatal injuries from the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF), social forensic report, legal complaint, witness testimony and the decisions made by the family commissioner. The only association found was between acceptance of charges and approval decisions for settlement's agreements, as well as with the party's injunction to non-aggression.

Hazards of needle stabbing for medical staff and protective measures / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Analysis main reasonsof needle stabbing are poor self-protection awareness,unsound health care management system and dangerous behavior and habits.Therefore,medical staffshould strengthen safety education,arouse consciousness of self protection,improve working environment and do proper treatment after needle stabbing to avoid needle injury and safeguard their own health.

Survey on occupational hazards of nurses in the supply room / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the occupational hazards of nurses in the supply room,to determine what kind of occupational hazards is most dangerous,and accordingly put forward some suggestions of protective measures.Methods Totally 208 nurses from supply rooms of 4 general hospitals were surveyed with questionnaires.The data of occupational hazards were analyzed.Results Various kinds of occupational hazards happened among nurses in the supply room,and among all occupational hazards,physical damage was the most frequently happened.Conclusions The occupational protection awareness of nurses is relatively weak.They can not properly handle damages caused by occupational hazards,so sufficient attention should be given to it.

A convivência familiar e comunitária é direito da criança e do adolescente e uma realidade a ser repensada pela escola / Family and community coexistence is a right of children and adolescents and a reality that should be rethought by school

O tema sobre a convivência familiar e comunitária como um direito de crianças e adolescentes, à primeira vista, se mostra bastante abstrato e ocupando ao mesmo tempo um lugar-comum. A sociedade aceita facilmente o fato de que toda criança tem direito a nascer e crescer em um lar saudável, protegido e seguro. Entretanto, muitas são as crianças que enfrentam situações de extrema vulnerabilidade pessoal e social, tendo que se afastar de suas famílias de origem para viver em situação de abrigamento, como medida protetiva. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal, a partir do que está preconizado no Plano Nacional de Promoção, Proteção e Defesa do Direito de Crianças e Adolescentes à Convivência Familiar e Comunitária e em leis anteriores (Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988 e na Lei n. 8069/90 - Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente), apresentar uma análise sobre os desafios e transformações que serão imprescindíveis para que esse direito seja efetivado, abordando os principais aspectos que envolvem as responsabilidades das políticas sociais brasileiras, com ênfase na educação pública.

At first sight, family and community coexistence as a legal right for children and adolescents seems quite abstract, although it occupies a common place. Society easily accepts that every child has the right to be born and raised within a healthy, protective and safe home. However, social and personal vulnerability force many children to leave their families and live in foster homes or shelters, as a protective measure. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the challenges and transformations needed in order to enforce children and adolescents' rights, in compliance with the National Plan for Social Devel opment, Protection and Defense of the Rights of Children and Adolescents to Family and Community Coexistence and other previous laws (1998 Brazilian Federal constitution and Law n. 8069/90 Children and Teenager's Statute), by approaching the main aspects involving the responsibilities of Brazilian social policies, with an emphasis on public education.

Acolhimento familiar: uma alternativa de proteção para crianças e adolescentes / Family foster care: a protective alternative for children and adolescents

O acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes que vivenciam violação de direitos tem sido discutido no âmbito do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e no meio acadêmico. Tais discussões visam elaborar diretrizes que garantam o direito à convivência familiar e comunitária e evidenciam um campo em reordenamento. Este artigo contextualiza o acolhimento familiar no cenário nacional, considerando-o como uma medida de proteção possível para crianças e adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade. Discute-se também o reflexo de algumas perspectivas teóricas que abordam as relações de vínculo afetivo em situações de acolhimento. Argumenta-se que ao fomentar uma nova cultura de acolhimento são necessárias mudanças nas concepções de infância e juventude, nas significações de vinculação afetiva e nas políticas de assistência à infância e juventude.

Foster care of children and adolescents who have had their rights violated is being discussed both in the scientific literature and in agencies involved in the development of public policies. Such discussions, which aim to define some guidelines to guarantee the right to family and community inclusion, expose a field under change. This paper focuses on foster care in the Brazilian context and presents it as one of the possible alternatives for children and adolescents in risk situations. The (mis)leading influences of some theoretical perspectives that deal with affective bonds in foster care are also discussed. It is argued that a new foster culture requires changes in the conceptions of infancy and youth, in the meanings of affectionate bonds, and in welfare policies for children and adolescents.

Protective Measures for Emergently Admitted Influenza H1N1 Patient / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To discuss the management experience of protective measures for emergently admitted influenza H1N1 patients in our hospital who were converted from general ward into isolated ward in no more than three hours.METHODS Laying out the guideline of the work,personal training and personal protective measures were taken to manage the staff who working in the isolated ward.RESULTS There was statistically significant difference in hand washing,wearing mask and head wear,taken off gloves,mask and clothes among medical staff who worked in the isolated ward,in comparison with staff from other ward and non-medical staff From 14 points of suruey.there were 8 points were over 80% pass rate.The use of protective equipment was correct.without any cross infection.CONCLUSIONS Management of protective measures plays an important role in control of cross infection in treatment of H1N1 patients.