ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper was to study one of the most important tools for assessing the psychosocial factors underlying stress at work. The study of the Portuguese version of the Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) also intends to contribute to the discussion about the theoretical model (the division of the decision latitude in one or two dimensions) and the scale itself (the adequacy of the items from the Psychological Job Demand Scale). Construct validity of the questionnaire was examined using an exploratory factor analysis (maximum likelihood with promax rotation). After deleting three items, the analysis found a four-factor model. The reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha, indicating appropriate internal consistency for three scales and problems for psychological job demands. The findings suggest that the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the JCQ are satisfactory, although further improvement is needed for the psychological job demands scale. The results do not support the theoretical decision of dividing the decision latitude scale into two dimensions.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar uma das ferramentas mais importantes para avaliar os fatores psicossociais e organizacionais subjacentes ao estresse no trabalho. O estudo da versão portuguesa do Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), de Karasek, visa também contribuir para a discussão sobre a divisão da latitude de decisão em uma ou duas dimensões e sobre a adequação dos itens da escala exigências psicológicas do trabalho. A validade de construto foi avaliada por meio da análise fatorial exploratória, pelo método máxima probabilidade, com rotação promax. Depois de retirados três itens, foi encontrado um modelo de quatro fatores. O alfa de Cronbach mostrou que apenas a escala exigências psicológicas apresentava problemas de consistência interna. Os resultados sugerem que as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do JCQ são satisfatórias, embora seja ainda necessário melhorar a escala de exigências psicológicas. Os resultados não apoiam a decisão teórica de dividir a latitude em duas dimensões.(AU)
El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de una de las herramientas más importantes para evaluar los factores psicosociales y organizacionales subyacentes al estrés en el trabajo. El estudio de la versión portuguesa del Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) de Karasek tiene también por finalidad contribuir a la discusión sobre la división de la latitud de decisión en una o dos dimensiones y sobre la adecuación de los ítems de la escala demanda psicológica del trabajo. La validez de constructo del cuestionario se examinó mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, por el método máxima probabilidad con la rotación Promax. Después de eliminar tres variables, el análisis encontró un modelo de cuatro factores. El alfa de Cronbach mostró que apenas la escala exigencias psicológicas presentaba problemas de consistencia interna. Los resultados sugieren que las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa del JCQ-PT son satisfactorias, aunque es necesario mejorar la escala de demandas psicológicas. Los resultados no apoyan la decisión teórica de dividir la latitud en dos dimensiones.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Work/psychology , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
El OBJETIVO fue determinar la relación entre los factores psicosociales laborables y el síndrome de Burnout en personal de enfermería de una unidad de tercer nivel de atención a la salud. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico en personal de enfermería de una unidad de tercer nivel de atención a la salud. Los datos se captaron con el instrumento de factores psicosociales de Silva y el MBI. Se analizaron con el apoyo del SPSS. RESULTADOS: Participaron 163 personas de 21 servicios de la unidad de atención; 88% eran mujeres, 41,4% laboraba en el turno matutino y 47,5% perciben la presencia de factores psicosociales negativos en su área de trabajo, siendo lo más frecuente las exigencias laborales, remuneración del rendimiento y condiciones inadecuadas en su lugar de trabajo. En cuanto al Burnout, 33,3% presentaba agotamiento emocional, 50,8% baja realización personal y 17,9% despersonalización. El agotamiento emocional se relacionó (p < a 0,05) con seis de las ocho áreas de los factores psicosociales evaluados CONCLUSIÓN: Se confirmó la relación entre los factores psicosociales laborales y el síndrome de Burnout.
The OBJECTIVE was to determine the relationship between psychosocial factors and working burnout syndrome in nursing staff of a unit of tertiary health care. MATERIAL Y METHODS: It is an observational, cross-sectional analytical study in nursing staff of a unit of tertiary health care. The data were collected with the instrument of psychosocial factors Silva and MBI. It was analyzed with the support of SPSS. RESULTS: A total of 163 people from 21 services care unit; 88% were women, 41,4% worked in the morning shift and 47,5% perceive the presence of negative psychosocial factors in their work area, where work demands are the most frequent, performance reward and inadequate conditions in work place. Regarding the Burnout, 33,3% had emotional exhaustion, 50,8% reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalization 17,9%. Emotional exhaustion was associated (p <0,05) with six of the eight areas of psychosocial factors evaluated CONCLUSION: the relationship between psychosocial factors and confirmed Burnout syndrome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tertiary Healthcare , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Nurses/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workplace , Depersonalization , Nursing StaffABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la producción científica publicada sobre riesgo psicosocial laboral, en las bases de datos ProQuest y PsycArticles, durante los años 2000 a 2010. Para la recolección de información se elaboró una rejilla con indicadores bibliométricos, clasificados en tres categorías: bibliométricas, metodológicas, y teóricas de los artículos publicados. Se identificaron y analizaron 133 artículos científicos sobre riesgo psicosocial laboral, identificando que el año de mayor producción, fue el 2000 y 2005, con 20 y 19 artículos publicados respectivamente, el 30,8 % de los estudios se realizaron en Estados Unidos, la revista Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, reporta el mayor número de artículos (18 %), el 90,6 % de los autores pertenecen a la categoría de transeúntes, el 91,7 % de los artículos son de carácter empírico, con un diseño transeccional (65,4 %), los cuestionarios son los más utilizados para evaluar el riesgo (52,6 %), y el modelo teórico demanda control, es el más referido en las publicaciones (39,8 %).
The aim of this study was to describe the scientific production published on psychosocial risk at work in the ProQuest and PsycArticles databases between 2000 and 2010. Data collection was assisted by a grid with bibliometric indicators in three different categories: bibliometric, methodological, and theoretical features of published articles. We identified and analyzed 133 scientific articles on psychosocial risk at work, with the most productive years being 2000 and 2005, with 20 and 19 articles respectively. 30.8 % of the studies were conducted in the United States, the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, reported the highest number of articles (18 %), 90.6 % of the authors belong to the category of pedestrians, 91.7 % of the items are of an empirical nature with a transactional design (65,4 %), questionnaires are most commonly used to assess risk (52.6 %), and the theoretical model of demand-control is the most referenced in publications (39.8 %).
ABSTRACT
Over years it has been increasingly concerned with how upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) are attributed to psychosocial job stressors. A review study was conducted to examine associations between UEMSDs and psychosocial work factors, and to recommend what to consider for the associations. For studies in which the job demand-control-support (DCS) model or its variables were specifically employed, published papers were selected and reviewed. A number of studies have reported relationships between UEMSDs symptoms and psychosocial exposure variables. For example, the findings are: higher numbness in the upper extremity was significantly attributed to by less decision latitude at work; work demands were significantly associated with neck and shoulder symptoms while control over time was associated with neck symptoms; and the combination of high psychosocial demands and low decision latitude was a significant predictor for shoulder and neck pain in a female working population. Sources of bias, such as interaction or study design, were discussed. UEMSDs were shown to be associated with psychosocial work factors in various studies where the job DCS model was addressed. Nonetheless, this review suggests that further studies should be conducted to much more clarify the association between UEMSDs and psychosocial factors.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Bias , Hypesthesia , Neck , Neck Pain , Shoulder , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
Over years it has been increasingly concerned with how upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) are attributed to psychosocial job stressors. A review study was conducted to examine associations between UEMSDs and psychosocial work factors, and to recommend what to consider for the associations. For studies in which the job demand-control-support (DCS) model or its variables were specifically employed, published papers were selected and reviewed. A number of studies have reported relationships between UEMSDs symptoms and psychosocial exposure variables. For example, the findings are: higher numbness in the upper extremity was significantly attributed to by less decision latitude at work; work demands were significantly associated with neck and shoulder symptoms while control over time was associated with neck symptoms; and the combination of high psychosocial demands and low decision latitude was a significant predictor for shoulder and neck pain in a female working population. Sources of bias, such as interaction or study design, were discussed. UEMSDs were shown to be associated with psychosocial work factors in various studies where the job DCS model was addressed. Nonetheless, this review suggests that further studies should be conducted to much more clarify the association between UEMSDs and psychosocial factors.