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1.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 20(supl.1): 75-89, Mai. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-843764

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Introdução: A epidemia global do tabaco já assumiu proporções de pandemia, com cerca de 1,3 bilhão de usuários e 6 milhões de mortes anuais. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as tendências de mortalidade por doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e câncer de pulmão, lábios, cavidade oral, faringe e esôfago, no Brasil, entre 1990 e 2015. Métodos: O estudo foi viabilizado mediante parceria entre o Instituto Métricas e Avaliação em Saúde (IHME), da Universidade de Washington, Ministério da Saúde e o grupo técnico GBD Brasil, utilizando análise de estimativas do estudo Carga Global de Doenças 2015. Resultados: As taxas de mortalidade por DPOC caíram, já que, em 1990, foi de 64,5/100.000 habitantes e, em 2015, 44,5, queda de 31%. Para os vários tipos de câncer relacionados ao tabaco, a queda foi em menor proporção do que a verificada para DPOC. A mortalidade por câncer de pulmão permaneceu estável, com taxa de 18,7/100.000 habitantes, em 1990, e 18,3/100.000 habitantes, em 2015. Entre as mulheres, observa-se curva ascendente, com aumento de 20,7%. Discussão: O estudo aponta o tabaco como fator de risco para mortalidade prematura e incapacidades por DPOC e câncer. A importante redução da prevalência do tabaco nas últimas décadas poderia explicar reduções nas tendências de doenças relacionadas com o tabaco. A maior mortalidade por câncer de pulmão em mulheres pode expressar o aumento tardio do tabagismo nesse sexo. Conclusão: Ações nacionais nas últimas décadas têm tido grande efeito na diminuição da mortalidade de doenças relacionadas ao tabaco, mas ainda há grandes desafios, principalmente quando se trata de mulheres e jovens.


ABSTRACT: Introduction: The global tobacco epidemic has taken pandemic proportions, with about 1.3 billion users and 6 million annual deaths. This study aimed to analyze the trends in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung, lips, oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus cancer in Brazil between 1990 and 2015. Methods: The study was made possible through a partnership between the Metrics and Health Assessment Institute (IHME), University of Washington, Ministry of Health and the GBD Brazil technical group, using estimates from the Global Disease Charge 2015 study. Results: The mortality rates due to COPD fell; in 1990, it was 64.5/100,000 inhabitants and in 2015, 44.5, a decrease of 31%. For the various types of cancer related to smoking, the decrease was in a lower proportion than for COPD. For lung cancer, rates were 18.7/100,000 inhabitants in 1990 to 18.3 in 2015. For women, there is an upward curve for lung cancer from 1990 to 2015, with an increase of 20.7%. Discussion: The study points to smoking as a risk factor for premature mortality and disability due to COPD and cancer. The significant reduction in tobacco prevalence in recent decades could explain reductions in tobacco-related disease trends. The higher mortality from lung cancer in women may express the delayed increase in smoking in this gender. Conclusion: Nationwide actions taken in the last decades have had a great effect on reducing mortality from tobacco-related diseases, but there are still major challenges, especially when it comes to women and young people.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tobacco Use Disorder/complications , Tobacco Use Disorder/mortality , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/mortality , Time Factors , Nicotiana , Brazil/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/mortality
2.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-413004

ABSTRACT

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of thymosin alpha 1 on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 60 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were divided into two groups at random.The two groups were given conventional treatment,and the treatment group was received thymosin alpha 11.6 mg hypodermic injection,1 every other day for 4 weeks,since then 2 times/week for 5 months.All patients were followed for 6 months,clinic every 2 weeks,1 follow-up,evaluation of clinical condition.In two groups,before treatment and 6 months after treatment the blood samples were collected for the measurement of the blood CD3,CD,and CD8 levels.Results In the treatment group,the number and days of patients with acute exacerbation were significantly lower in comparison with those of the control group(all P<0.01).After treatment with thymosin alpha 1,blood CD4 and CD4/CD8 levels were significantly increased(all P<0.01).Conclusion Thymosin alpha 1 had a good protection effect for the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by incresing body cellular immune activity.

3.
Rev. ciênc. méd., (Campinas) ; 15(5): 415-425, set.-out. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489142

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento de variáveis cardiorrespiratórias de portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, durante a realização de testes de esforço submáximos que exigem comportamentos biomecânicos distintos, com a intenção de compará-las e determinar se os testes provocariam, ou não, respostas de magnitudes diferentes. Estudo transversal, obtidos durante a execução dos testes de Paschoal e de caminhada de seis minutos, aplicado a dez portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, com média de idade de 61,4, desvio-padrão 13,9 anos e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo entre 45 e 70 por cento do previsto, composto pelos registros das respostas cardiorrespiratórias. Os valores de medianas de frequência cardíaca total, durante os seis minutos de duração de ambos os testes, foram exatamente os mesmos (634,5 batimentos). A análise da recuperação da frequência cardíaca revelou que, em ambos os testes, a partir do segundo minuto, os valores já eram significativamente menores do que os das frequências cardíacas finais. O valor de pressão arterial sistólica ao final do teste de caminhada de seis minutos e do teste de Paschoal foi significativamente maior do que o obtido em repouso, e somente no teste de caminhada diminuiu após o terceiro minuto da fase de recuperação. Apesar de os portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica terem feito testes que demandam características biomecânicas distintas para sua execução, as respostas cardiorrespiratórias obtidas foram muito similares e mostraram que ambos os testes podem ser utilizados como coadjuvantes na avaliação e controle cardiorespiratório dos pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica.


ObjetiveTo analyze the cardio-respiratory variables in patients with chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, during the execution of sub-maximal effort tests with differentbiomechanical characteristics, in order to compare such variables and to determineif the tests could or not promote responses of different magnitudes.MethodsThis is a transversal study based on the results of tests applied to ten patientswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with mean age of 61, standarddeviation 13.9 years, who, at the first second of exertion, presented a forcedexpiratory volume between 45 and 70% of the expected volume. The data oncardio-respiratory responses was obtained during the execution of the six-minutewalk test and the Paschoal test.ResultsThe median values of total heart rate recorded during the six minutes of each testwere exactly the same (634.5 beats). The heart rate recovery analysis revealedthat, in both tests, from the second minute on, the values were alreadysignificantly lower than the final heart rate values. The systolic blood pressurevalues at the end of the walk test and the Paschoal test were significantly higherthan the values obtained at rest, and they decreased significantly only in the walktest, after the third minute of recovery phase.ConclusionTherefore, it can be concluded that in spite of patients with chronic obstructivepulmonary disease having made tests with distinct biomechanicalcharacteristics for their execution, the cardiorespiratory responses obtainedwere very similar and showed that both tests can be used as co-adjuncts inthe cardio-respiratory evaluation and control of patients with chronicobstructive pulmonary disease.


Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , Patients , Walking
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