Funcionamiento de las parejas parentales y su relación con los conflictos en familias reconstituidas / Operation of the parental couples and their relationship with the conflicts in reconstituted families

Introducción: Los problemas específicos de las familias reconstituidas se asocian con algunas características que presentan las relaciones de los miembros de la pareja actual con sus respectivas exparejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el divorcio emocional, el conflicto coparental, el parentaje paralelo y los conflictos familiares que se manifiestan a partir de la inclusión del padrastro o la madrastra en la convivencia. Métodos: Se desarrolló un enfoque mixto de investigación con un diseño de dos etapas de transformación de datos cualitativos en cuantitativos. Participaron 68 familias de la ciudad de Pinar del Río, con tiempos de inclusión del nuevo miembro en el hogar entre 6 meses y 5 años. Resultados: Todos los aspectos evaluados del funcionamiento de las parejas se relacionaron con conflictos que surgieron entre los miembros de la familia reconstituida de la unidad de convivencia e involucraron a familiares no residentes en el hogar. El conflicto coparental que se expresó en las parejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad y el divorcio emocional se relacionaron con culpas, conflictos de lealtad y conflictos relacionales; mientras el parentaje paralelo mostró una relación significativa con las culpas. Conclusiones: Las dinámicas relacionales de las parejas parentales son potencialmente conflictivas y constituyen factores de riesgo para la reconstitución familiar y la funcionalidad de las familias reconstituidas(AU)

Introduction: The specific problems of reconstituted families are associated with some characteristics that present the relationships of the members of the current couple with their respective exes since the break-up of conjugality. Objective: To identify the relationship between the emotional divorce, the co-parenting conflict, the parallel parenting and the family conflicts that are manifested from the inclusion of the stepfather or stepmother in the cohabitation. Methods: A mixed approach of research with a two-stage design of qualitative data transformation in the quantitative level. 68 families from Pinar del Rio participated, being from 6 months to 5 years the inclusion time of the new member at home. Results: All the evaluated aspects of the functioning of the couples were related to conflicts that arose between the members of the cohabitation unit in the reconstituted family and those involved family members not residing in the home. The co-parenting conflict that was expressed in the couples from the rupture of conjugality and the emotional divorce were related to guilt, conflicts of loyalty and relational conflicts; while the parallel parenting showed a significant association with the guilts. Conclusions: The relational dynamics of parental couples are potentially controversial and constitute risk factors for the family reconstitution and the functionality of the reconstituted families(AU)

Funcionamiento de las parejas parentales y su relación con los conflictos en familias reconstituidas / Operation of the parental couples and their relationship with the conflicts in reconstituted families

RESUMEN Introducción: Los problemas específicos de las familias reconstituidas se asocian con algunas características que presentan las relaciones de los miembros de la pareja actual con sus respectivas exparejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el divorcio emocional, el conflicto coparental, el parentaje paralelo y los conflictos familiares que se manifiestan a partir de la inclusión del padrastro o la madrastra en la convivencia. Métodos: Se desarrolló un enfoque mixto de investigación con un diseño de dos etapas de transformación de datos cualitativos en cuantitativos. Participaron 68 familias de la ciudad de Pinar del Río, con tiempos de inclusión del nuevo miembro en el hogar entre 6 meses y 5 años. Resultados: Todos los aspectos evaluados del funcionamiento de las parejas se relacionaron con conflictos que surgieron entre los miembros de la familia reconstituida de la unidad de convivencia e involucraron a familiares no residentes en el hogar. El conflicto coparental que se expresó en las parejas desde la ruptura de la conyugalidad y el divorcio emocional se relacionaron con culpas, conflictos de lealtad y conflictos relacionales; mientras el parentaje paralelo mostró una relación significativa con las culpas. Conclusiones: Las dinámicas relacionales de las parejas parentales son potencialmente conflictivas y constituyen factores de riesgo para la reconstitución familiar y la funcionalidad de las familias reconstituidas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The specific problems of reconstituted families are associated with some characteristics that present the relationships of the members of the current couple with their respective exes since the break-up of conjugality. Objective: To identify the relationship between the emotional divorce, the co-parenting conflict, the parallel parenting and the family conflicts that are manifested from the inclusion of the stepfather or stepmother in the cohabitation. Methods: A mixed approach of research with a two-stage design of qualitative data transformation in the quantitative level. 68 families from Pinar del Rio participated, being from 6 months to 5 years the inclusion time of the new member at home. Results: All the evaluated aspects of the functioning of the couples were related to conflicts that arose between the members of the cohabitation unit in the reconstituted family and those involved family members not residing in the home. The co-parenting conflict that was expressed in the couples from the rupture of conjugality and the emotional divorce were related to guilt, conflicts of loyalty and relational conflicts; while the parallel parenting showed a significant association with the guilts. Conclusions: The relational dynamics of parental couples are potentially controversial and constitute risk factors for the family reconstitution and the functionality of the reconstituted families.

Studies on the development of cassava based reconstituted dry starch sago with modified starch as binder and characterization of its physico-functional properties

Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the status and diversity of plant species used for rearing of Eri silkworm and their traditional management in the homegardens of Mishing tribe.Methodology: A total of 45 homegardens from three villages were surveyed randomly which were primarily associated with rearing of Eri silkworm. Vegetation was studied using quadrat method. The data on traditional knowledge associated with the management of plants species for rearing of Eri silkworm were collected using semi structured questionnaires. Results: The average size of studied homegardens was 0.35 ha. A total of 243 plant species were recorded from the studied homegardens of which six species were used as food plants for rearing of Eri silkworm and 10 species were used in construction of mountage. Trees related to Eri culture contributed to 37.47% of the total importance value index (IVI) in the studied homegardens. Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem and Ricinus communis L. were the primary food plants of Eri silkworm and were found to be dominant in the homegardens. Activities such as land preparation, sowing, pruning, weeding and watering are carried out for the management of Eri silkworm food plant species and were found to vary for different species. Interpretation: There is an urgent need to document the indigenous knowledge and traditional practices associated with the management of host and food plants used in the rearing of Eri silkworm in the present day context as it is a part of their cultural heritage and should be reoriented through integration of modern farming technique.

Study of Exchange Transfusion by Reconstituted Blood in Hemolytic Disease of Fetus & New Born

Introduction: In newborns with hemolytic disease of fetusand newborn, exchange transfusion is one of the treatments.The main objective of this study was to review and establishthe practice of exchange transfusion with reconstituted bloodin neonates and to observe fall of bilirubin and also rise inhemoglobin and its comparison with related studies.Material and methods: Total 31 neonates with hemolyticdisease of fetus and newborn were included in thisstudy and exchange transfusion was carried out to treathyperbilirubinemia. Exchange transfusion with O Rh negativecells suspended in AB plasma were done for neonates havingRh hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn and O Rh positivecells suspended in AB plasma were used for exchangetransfusion to ABO hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn.The pre and post exchange transfusion blood samples weretested for serum bilirubin and hemoglobin.Result: Out of the 31 cases, 20 were of Rhesus (Rh) hemolyticdisease of fetus and newborn, while ABO and other bloodgroups constituted 08 and 03 hemolytic disease of fetus andnewborn cases respectively. The average post-exchange fallin serum indirect bilirubin was (53.47%) and average rise inhemoglobin level was 3.06 gm/dl in all 31 cases.Conclusion: The reconstituted blood is immunologically muchsafer and better than whole blood for purpose of exchangetransfusion in hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn becauseof its superiority in minimizing transfusion reactions and inachieving all the therapeutic effects of exchange transfusionin better way

A pilot study comparing the clinical efficacy of freshly reconstituted and botulinum toxin a reconstituted 1, 2 and 3 months before application in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis

BACKGROUND@#Most manufacturers of commercially available botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) recommend that the vials should be used within 24 hours after reconstitution to ensure efficacy, which in some instances would mean wastage of remaining reconstituted solution. Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of stored reconstituted BTX-A and have concluded that the use of BTX-A reconstituted and refrigerated for up to 6 weeks prior to administration does not significantly alter its efficacy in the treatment of facial rhytides.@*OBJECTIVES@#Our study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of freshly reconstituted BTX-A and BTX-A reconstituted 1, 2 or 3 months prior to administration in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.@*METHODOLOGY@#Patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis were enrolled in this pilot study. Freshly reconstituted BTX-A and BTX-A reconstituted 1, 2 and 3 months prior were administered in 4 pre-determined areas in the same patient. The degree of hyperhidrosis was assessed subjectively using Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and objectively using Minor’s iodine starch test followed by Sweating Intensity Visual Scale (SIVS) at 0, 2, 6 and 12 weeks after administration.@*RESULTS@#Five patients were enrolled in the study. Kruskall-Wallis test showed that HDSS at baseline was significantly different from follow-up periods with noted improvement from baseline to 2 weeks follow-up. Using Kruskall-Wallis test, SIVS was found to be not significantly different among these 4 treatment areas. In addition, significantly improved SIVS scores were noted as early as 2 weeks after administration in all 4 areas of treatments. There were no noted adverse effects in all patients at baseline and at all follow-up visits.@*CONCLUSION@#The clinical efficacy and safety of BTX-A reconstituted 1, 2 and 3 months prior to administration is comparable to that of freshly reconstituted BTX-A in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.

Technological properties of particleboards produced using mixture of pines and bamboo / Propriedades tecnológicas de painéis de partículas produzidos com pinus e bambu

ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to evaluate the technological properties of particleboards produced with particles of unconventional species, bamboo of the species Phyllostachys edulis, and of the genus traditionally used by the sector for the production of the particulate panels in Brazil, Pinus spp.The bamboo splints of 3 years old were collected in Frei Rogério, Santa Catarina, being transformed into particles in a mill hammer, while the particles of Pinus spp. were collected from the industrial process of MDP production in Bonet Madeiras e Papéis Ltda Company in Santa Cecília, Santa Catarina. The company used eight-year-old logs of P. taeda and P. elliottii from the thinning process, without distinction of the species. The experiment was composed of five compositions with mixing the bamboo and wood particles in different proportions ((T1)100:0%; (T2)75:25%; (T3)50:50%; (T4)25:75%; (T5)0:100%). The panels were produced nominal density of 700 kg / m³ and pressing cycle of 160ºC and 40 kgf/cm² for 8 minutes. Results reporting physical and mechanical properties of panels were evaluated through Analysis of Variance and Tukey´s Test at 95% probability. The results evidenced that bamboo particles presented potential for the production of particleboard. The most promising results were presented with the addition of 50% of bamboo in the panel composition (T3), mainly by means observed for dimensional stability, as for strength and stiffness. Values of internal bond presented significantly lower averages with the addition of more than 25% of bamboo.

RESUMO: Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas de painéis de madeira produzidos com partículas de bambu da espécie Phyllostachysedulis, e do gênero tradicionalmente utilizado pelo setor para a produção dos painéis particulados no Brasil, o Pinus spp. As varas de bambu com três anos de idade foram coletadas em Frei Rogério, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, sendo transformadas em partículas em um moinho. As partículas de Pinus spp. foram coletadas no processo produtivo da Empresa Bonet Madeiras e Papéis Ltda em Santa Cecília, Santa Catarina. A empresa utiliza toras provenientes do desbaste de reflorestamentos de Pinus taeda e Pinus elliottii com oito anos de idade, sem distinção de espécies. O experimento foi composto por cinco tratamentos com mistura das partículas de bambu e de madeira em diferentes proporções ((T1)100:0%; (T2)75:25%; (T3)50:50%; (T4)25:75%; (T5)0:100%). Os painéis foram produzidos com densidade nominal de 700 kg / m³ e ciclo de prensagem de 160 ºC e 40 kgf/cm2 por oito minutos. Os resultados para as propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis foram avaliados por meio da Análise da Variância e do Teste de Tukey a 95% de probabilidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que o bambu apresenta potencial para a produção de painéis de partículas. O resultado mais promissor foi encontrado com a adição de 50% de bambu na composição do painel (T3), principalmente quanto a estabilidade dimensional e aos valores de resistência e rigidez. Os valores para ligação interna apresentaram-se significativamente menores com adição de mais de 25% de partículas de bambu.

Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins: novel biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are naturally-occurring nanoparticles that are biocompatible, non-immunogenic and completely biodegradable. These endogenous particles can circulate for an extended period of time and transport lipids, proteins and microRNA from donor cells to recipient cells. Based on their intrinsic targeting properties, HDL are regarded as promising drug delivery systems. In order to produce on a large scale and to avoid blood borne pollution, reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) possessing the biological properties of HDL have been developed. This review summarizes the biological properties and biomedical applications of rHDL as drug delivery platforms. It focuses on the emerging approaches that have been developed for the generation of biomimetic nanoparticles rHDL to overcome the biological barriers to drug delivery, aiming to provide an alternative, promising avenue for efficient targeting transport of nanomedicine.

Comparative Analysis of In-use Period after First Opening or Reconstitution of European Union Imported Sterile Products and Domestic Sterile Products in Our Hospital / 中国药师

Objective: To provide reference and suggestions for improving the in-use period information of sterile products after first opening or reconstitution in China. Methods: The package inserts of sterile products in our hospital were investigated. The sterile products needed to be reconstituted before use and with multiple-dose package were selected. The in-use period information of European imported sterile products and domestic sterile products were comparatively analyzed. Results: The presentation rate of in-use period in the package inserts of domestic sterile products was 32. 25% , which was less than 55. 56% of the other imported sterile products, and significantly less than 93. 55% of European imported sterile products. Conclusion: The relevant content of in-use period of sterile products after first opening or reconstitution is supplemented relatively late in China's stability testing guidance for drug substances and products, moreover, the specific technical proposals are absent. It is suggested that the drug administrative department and its techni-cal supportive agencies should improve the relevant guidance and guide pharmaceutical research enterprises and manufacturing enterpri-ses to carry out in-use stability studies, furthermore, gradually improve the relevant in-use period information in package inserts.

The effect of non-compliance of PPI instruction on the stability of reconstituted oral antibiotics.

The patient package inserts (PPIs) should contain all the required information for the patient. It must be clear and understandable. There are several problems with the PPIs including the wrong information, readability and comprehensibility. Thus the pharmacists have to take an active role in making sure that patient is aware of important instruction including correct storage. Five antibiotics namely Erythromycin ethylsuccinate, Amoxicillin, Cefdinir, Flucloxacillin sodium and Clarithromycin powder for suspensions, were selected for this study, these antibiotic were reconstituted as directed on the label and tested initially and after 7 days when stored at room temperature and in refrigerator. Several chemical and physical pharmacopeial tests were performed. The results showed that two of the antibiotic oral suspensions namely erythromycin ethyl succinate and flucloxacillin sodium failed the accepted shelf life specification limits when stored at room temperature while both passes these limits when stored in refrigerator. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate has failed the tests of taste and odour while the flucloxacillin sodium has failed the assay test. Clarithromycin has failed some tests as viscosity, taste and pouring test when stored in refrigerator while passes all the tests when stored at room temperature. The study showed the vital role of the pharmacist to reiterate the important patient package insert instructions specially those concerned with the storage condition of the drug.

Papel protector de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad en sepsis: aspectos básicos e implicancias clínicas / Protective role of high density lipoproteins in sepsis: basic issues and clinical implications

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are responsible of reverse cholesterol transport and play an important antiatherogenic role. In recent years, several studies suggest that HDL have additional functions, including a possible anti-inflammatory activity in infectious conditions. Furthermore, available evidence indicates that the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) within the circulation during infectious states induced by gram-negative bacteria may be involved in the decrease in HDL cholesterol levels and changes in lipoprotein composition, which have been associated with a higher mortality due to sepsis in animal models and in humans. In this article, we review this subject and also discuss possible mechanisms that explain the positive impact achieved by native HDL, reconstituted HDL, or HDL apolipoprotein peptides on the inflammatory response and mortality in models of endotoxemia. In this regard, it has been proposed that one of the mechanisms by which HDL protect against sepsis may be mediated by its binding ability and/or neutralizing capacity on LPS, avoiding an excessive response of the immune system. Thus, increasing blood levels of HDL and/or parenteral HDL administration may represent a new anti-inflammatory tool for managing septic states in humans.

Las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) son responsables del transporte reverso de colesterol y ejercen un importante papel anti-aterogénico. En los últimos años, diversos estudios indican que las HDL también tendrían otras funciones críticas, incluyendo una posible actividad anti-inflamatoria durante estados infecciosos. Además, la evidencia disponible sugiere que la presencia de lipopolisacárido (LPS) en la circulación durante estados infecciosos inducidos por bacterias gramnegativas podría estar involucrado en la disminución del colesterol HDL y los cambios en composición de esta clase lipoproteínas, lo cual se asociaría con una mayor tasa de mortalidad por sepsis en modelos animales y en humanos. En este trabajo, se revisan los antecedentes mencionados y además se discuten posibles mecanismos que explican la disminución de la respuesta inflamatoria y de la mortalidad que se logran en modelos de endotoxemia tratados con HDL o preparaciones similares. En este sentido, se ha propuesto que uno de los mecanismos protectores de las HDL estaría mediado por su capacidad de unión y/o neutralización del LPS, evitando una respuesta exacerbada del sistema inmune. De esta manera, el aumento de los niveles sanguíneos de HDL y/o su administración parenteral podrían constituir nuevas herramientas anti-inflamatorias para el manejo de estados sépticos en humanos.

Transformaciones de la parentalidad: la clínica con familias separadas y con familias reconstituidas / Transformations of parenthood: clinical aspects with separated and reconstituted families

El trabajo posee dos partes. La primera trata sobre las dificultades surgidas entre los integrantes de una familia separada y la segunda trata sobre las diferentes formas de ser padre/padrastro en las familias reconstituidas. En ambas partes el trabajo incluye una síntesis de la bibliografía reciente y una exposición de situaciones clínicas. En la primera parte, sobre los conflictos en una familia separada, el trabajo describe la relación conflictiva de una madre y sus dos hijas en una familia separada. Para ello expone una síntesis de entrevistas y un análisis del material derivado de la aplicación de técnicas gráficas. En la segunda parte, sobre las diferentes formas de ser padre/ padrastro en una familia reconstituida, el trabajo incluye el estudio de dos casos. En el primero de ellos, el padre/padrastro tiene un carácter más bien afectuoso aunque con dificultades en cuanto a la puesta de límites a algunos de los hijos. En el segundo, el padrastro no ha sido padre y se ubica más bien como otro de los hijos en la familia. El trabajo concluye que la base intersubjetiva de las familias separadas y reconstituidas depende de los reacomodamientos simbólicos que engloban a la pareja conyugal, la pareja parental y la familia extensa. Propone además que, en la clínica de la familia, es conveniente prestar atención a la cualidad de los intercambios intersubjetivos subyacentes en los lazos socio afectivos, sin perder de vista la promoción de la salud emocional.

The paper has two parts. The first deals with the difficulties between the membersof a separate family and the second deals with the different ways of being a father /stepfather in reconstituted families. In both parts the paper includes a synthesis and discussion of recent literature and a study of clinical situations. In the first part thepaper describes the troubled relationship between a mother and her two daughters ina separate family, presents a synthesis of interviews and an analysis of the material derived from the application of graphic techniques. In the second part, on the differentways of being a father / stepfather in a reconstituted family, the paper includes thestudy of two cases. In the first, the father / stepfather has an affectionate approachto the childrens, although he exhibits difficulties in the capacity to limit children character. In the second case, the stepfather has not an own child. Then, he apppears located more like other child in the family. The paper concludes that the intersubjective basis of separated families and step families is dependent on symbolic rearrangements encompassing the marital partner, the parental couple and the extended family. Further proposed that, in the clinical activity with the family, it should pay attention to the quality of the underlying intersubjective exchanges in social bonding, without losingsight of promoting emotional health.

Decisiones sobre Crianza de los Hijos en Familias Reconstituidas / Decisões sobre a Criação dos Filhos em Famílias Reconstituídas / Child-rearing Decisions in Stepfamilies

Con el propósito de identificar las experiencias de padres y madres en familias reconstituidas sobre la toma de decisiones referentes a la crianza de los hijos, se entrevistó a nueve mujeres y tres hombres con segunda o tercera unión marital. El análisis de las temáticas identificadas indicó que padres y madres perciben mayor autonomía en decisiones relacionadas con la crianza de sus hijos. Sin embargo, los participantes coinciden en que su pareja actual se involucra en la crianza y participa en las decisiones sobre sus hijos. Se discuten los resultados con base en la literatura existente acerca de la toma de decisiones y la crianza en familias reconstituidas.

The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of mothers and fathers in stepfamilies with regard to child-rearing decisions. After interviewing nine mothers and three fathers that were in their second or third marital union, data analysis of the identified issues indicated that biological mothers and fathers perceive a greater autonomy in decisions related to the upbringing of their children. However, they also perceive their current partners to be involved in the child-rearing process and related decisions. Results are discussed on the basis of the existing literature on decision-making and child-rearing in stepfamilies.

Com o propósito de identificar as experiências de pais e mães em famílias reconstituídas sobre a tomada de decisões referentes à criação dos filhos, entrevistou-se a nove mulheres e três homens com segunda ou terceira união marital. A análise das temáticas identificadas indicou que pais e mães percebem maior autonomia em decisões relacionadas com a criação de seus filhos. Contudo, os participantes coincidem em que seu companheiro atual se envolve na criação e participa das decisões sobre seus filhos. Discutem-se os resultados com base na literatura existente sobre a tomada de decisões e a criação em famílias reconstituídas.

Exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia:a comparison between citrated whole blood and different ball-oplasm ratio reconstituted blood / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To determine the efifcacy of exchange transfusion (ECT) with whole blood and reconstituted blood in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Methods The clinical data of hyperbilirubinaemic neonates who had undergone ECT was reviewed. The neonates were categorized into three groups based on their ECT, whole blood (n=17), 1:1 ball-oplasm ratio reconstituted blood (n=18) and 2:1 ball-oplasm ratio reconstituted blood (n=20). Results There was no signiifcant difference in the demographic characteristics and causes of jaundice among the three groups. ABO blood incompatibility was the most com-mon cause of hyperbilirubinaemia in all groups. ECT with reconstituted or whole blood had no signiifcant effect on biochemi-cal indices of serum in patients. The levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit of 2:1 ball-oplasm ratio group were higher than those of other groups (P<0.05). The rates of hypocalcaemia and thrombocytopenia were similar in three groups after ECT. Conclu-sion ECT with 2:1 ball-oplasm ratio reconstituted blood can reduce the occurrence of anemia, and is more effective to treat neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.

Famílias recasadas: mudanças, desafios e potencialidades / Remarried families: changes, challenges and potentialities / Famílias recasadas: cambios, desafíos y potencialidades

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a experiência de pessoas que tinham, no mínimo, dois anos de recasamento. Participaram cinco mulheres e três homens, residentes na cidade do Recife e com filhos do casamento anterior, quer fossem biológicos ou adotivos. Foi utilizada uma entrevista semidirigida, a partir de um roteiro estabelecido. Analisaram-se seis temas de acordo com a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática: motivação para o recasamento, tempo decorrido entre as uniões, adaptação dos filhos à nova família, administração da família, sentimentos experimentados e expectativas para o futuro. Pode-se concluir que os quatro primeiros anos de convivência são bastante delicados, exigindo do casal e dos seus filhos maior flexibilidade e paciência para alcançar uma integração familiar. Embora os membros dessa nova configuração apontem dificuldade quanto ao exercício de seus papéis, as famílias recasadas apresentaram grandes potencialidades como unidades promotoras de saúde e satisfação para seus integrantes.

The aim of this research was to investigate the experience of people who were remarried for at least two years. Participants were five women and three men with biological or adopted children from a previous marriage, who lived in Recife city. A semi-structures interview was applied following a pre-established guide. Six themes were analyzed according to Thematic Content Analysis Technique: motivation to remarriage; time between unions; children adaptation to the new family; family administration; experienced feelings and future expectations. Can be conclude that the four first years of living together are especially delicate, demanding greater flexibility and patience from the couple and their children in order to achieve family integration. Although members in this new configuration point to difficulties regarding their roles, remarried families present great potentialities as health and satisfaction promoting units for these people.

El objetivo del trabajo fue investigar la vivencia de personas que tenían, por lo menos, dos años de recasamiento. Participaron cinco mujeres y tres hombres, radicados en Recife y con hijos del casamiento anterior, tanto biológicos como adoptivos. Fue utilizada una entrevista semi- dirigida, a partir de un guión establecido. Fueron analizados seis temas según la técnica de análisis de contenido temático: motivación para el recasamiento; tiempo transcurrido entre las uniones; adaptación de los hijos a la nueva familia; sentimientos experimentados y expectativas para el futuro. Se puede concluir que los cuatros primeros años de convivio son muchísimo delicados, exigiendo de la pareja y de sus hijos una mayor flexibilidad y paciencia para lograr la integración de la familia. Aunque los miembros de esa nueva configuración muestren una dificultad relacionada al ejercicio de sus papeles, las familias recasadas presentaron grandes potencialidades como unidades que promueven salud y satisfacción para sus integrantes.

Accelerated stability and antimicrobial sensitivity studies of amoxicillin dry suspensions marketed in Bangladesh.

Since its introduction, amoxicillin dry suspension has been the mainstay for the antibacterial therapy for paediatric patients. But use of substandard preparation of antibiotic is one of the most important causes of microbial resistance. The present study has been carried out to evaluate the quality and stability status of 10 marketed amoxicillin dry suspensions of Bangladesh. All the brands were analyzed for their potency using chemical and microbiological methods described in the United States Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. Potency determination was done at three controlled temperatures - refrigerated, room and elevated (40C) showed that two samples were over potent but one sample was substandard out of the 10 samples. The initial potencies of the two samples were within USP range when freshly reconstituted but after 7 days, at room temperature, potencies deteriorated and came down to 90%. In refrigerated condition, all the samples remained in good condition and at 40C, a considerable loss of potencies in all the samples were observed. Results of microbiological assay also support the results of chemical assay. The study emphasizes the necessity of routine inspection, monitoring and evaluation of quality of formulations containing amoxicillin dry syrup.

Effect of reconstituted bone xenografts on tendon-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To investigate the effect of reconstituted bone xenografts(RBX) on tendon-to-bone healing by means of imaging,histological and biomechanical studies.[Method]Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction was performed bilaterally in 25 skeletally mature rabbits using long digital extensor tendon grafts.RBX were implanted into the treated knee of each rabbit,with the contralateral knees as controls.Every three rabbits were killed at 2,6 and 12 weeks postoperatively for routine histological studies.The samples were processed through Micro CT and subsequent HE and toludine blue staining.The remaining 16 rabbits were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks.Their femur-tendon graft-tibia complexes were harvested for subsequent mechanical testing.[Result]At 6 and 12 weeks after operation,the values of BMD in the RBX group were higher than those in the control group(P

An inquiry to experimental conditions and cell-counting assays in reconstituted basement membrane invasion experiment in vitro / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the most suitable chemostatic condition and a method of cell-counting in reconstituted basement membrane invasion experiment in vitro. Method Reconstituted basement membrane invasion experiment was employed, and conditioned medium, fibronectin (FN), and a combination of conditioned medium and FN were respectively used as chemoattractants was placed in the lower compartment of the chamber. After the filters were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), two kinds of cell-counting methods were employed. One was random cell-counting to count the cells in 5 fields infiltrated in the different areas of the filter membrane under 40?magnification, and the other was whole cell-counting of the infiltrating cells on the whole filter membrane with 4? magnification and image analysis system. Results The number of infiltrating cells in the presence of the chemoattractants was much larger than that of the control group. The number of infiltrating cells of the conditioned medium group was larger than that of FN group. The numbers of infiltrating cells in the combination of conditioned medium and FN groups were significantly larger than those of conditioned medium and FN alone groups. The accuracy of method of random cell-counting under 40? magnification was poorer than that of whole cell-counting with image analysis system. Conclusion Chemoattractants exert strong effect on the tumor cells invasion, and different chemoattractants show different chemotactic abilities. By using image analysis system to count all the infiltrative cells of the whole filter membrane is an objective and accurate cell-counting method.

Replicative Senescence and Differentiation Properties of Reconstituted Skin and Monolayer Human Keratinocytes in Vitro / 대한해부학회지

This experiment tried to elucidate the characteristics of senescence and differentiation in the reconstituted skin and the monolayer cultured human keratinocytes in vitro, respectively. While the keratinocytes were cultivated from undifferentiated state to completely senescent and differentiated, the monolayer cultured cells of every passage were doubly stained with SA-beta-gal initially, then keratins or involucrin. We also performed the SA-beta-gal enzyme staining and the immuno-reaction such as keratins or involucrin in the reconstituted skin. The results were as follows: Lack of reactivity against SA-beta-gal in the reconstituted skin indicated that there was no senescence occurred. The reconstituted skin showed decreased expression of K10 and preceded expression of involucrin compare to in vivo skin. Nevertheless, the reconstituted skin which did not express the K10 or involucrin in the basal cell maintained the differentiation system similar to that of in vivo skin. On the other hand, the monolayer cultured keratinocytes showed a thoroughly different pattern in the senescent and differentiating process. SA-beta-gal was colocalized with K10 or involucrin in the cells of high percentage ratio by the double staining method, and this indicated that the senescence and differentiation in the kratinocytes were simultaneously progressed. Reaching the nearer stage leading to the cell death, the cells choosed the one of senescence or differentiation pathway. It was supported by the fact that the percentage index of double staining together with SA-beta-gal and involucrin was lower at passage 5 than passage 1~4. The SA-beta-gal's reactivity was maximally reached at passage 4 and the involucrin maximally reached at passage 5. These trends suggested that the senescence was preceded by the differentiation. In conclusion, the reconstituted skin maintained only the differentiation system without the cell senescent process similar to the in vivo while the senescent and differentiating events were simultaneously processed in the monolayer cultured keratinocytes.

Identification and isolation of ATP transport protein in mycobacillin sensitive Aspergillus niger.

The temperature sensitive release and uptake of ATP through the Aspergillus niger G3Br membrane vesicles followed saturation kinetics. Both the processes which occurred in the absence of mycobacillin were greatly enhanced by its presence. Liposomes prepared with antifilipin sterol and lipid showed the release and uptake of ATP in the presence of filipin, but no such uptake and release was seen with antimycobacillin sterol and lipid in the presence of mycobacillin. However the liposomes supplemented with Aspergillus niger membranes protein (s) showed the release and uptake of ATP, implicating membrane protein as a carrier in the transport process.