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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(6): 369-372, dic. 2016. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841612

ABSTRACT

El síndrome drepanocítico HbS/β talasemia responde a la herencia de tipo mendeliana en simultáneo de un alelo βs de la hemoglobina S (HbS) y un alelo de β talasemia. Vinculado fundamentalmente a individuos que comparten ascendencia africana y de países del Mediterráneo. La mutación responsable de la HbS es puntual, mientras que para la β talasemia existen más de 200 mutaciones que causan diferentes grados de deficiencia de síntesis de la cadena de β globina, lo cual justifica la heterogeneidad clínica y genética de este síndrome. Se presenta el caso clínico de un adulto joven de escasos recursos que consulta por dolores óseos de larga data. Registra hemogramas con anemia y marcada microcitosis. Se le realizó electroforesis de Hb detectándose un pico anómalo en posición de HbS y elevada fracción de HbA2. El resultado de la electroforesis de hemoglobina indica dos posibles alteraciones moleculares en simultáneo, por tal motivo se realizó el estudio molecular de las mutaciones más frecuentes en nuestra población de β talasemia y de la mutación puntual responsable de la hemoglobinopatía S. A partir de la clínica y datos del laboratorio bioquímico se diagnosticó el síndrome drepanocítico y se confirmó por biología molecular la portación de las mutaciones IVS-Int 110 G > A (β talasemia) y del codón 6 A > T (GAG→GTG: Glu→Val) responsable de la hemoglobinopatía S. Dado que es una enfermedad de alto impacto sanitario, es importante un adecuado asesoramiento genético a toda la familia.


Sickle cell syndrome HbS/β thalassemia is an inheritable mendelian type disease where two affected alleles are simultaneously present, one from HbS (βS) and the other from β thalassemia. That situation is mainly linked to individuals who share African and Mediterranean ancestors. The mutation responsible for HbS is a point mutation, whereas for β thalassemia, there are more than 200 mutations that cause different degrees of deficiency synthesis of β globin chain, which justifies the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this syndrome. It is presented a clinical case of a young adult man with limited resources that consulted by longstanding bone pain. The patient presented anemia with a marked microcytosis. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed, an abnormal peak in position of HbS and high HbA2 fraction were detected. These last results indicated two possible molecular alterations simultaneously, for this reason the molecular study was performed looking for the most common β thalassemia mutations in our population and, the point mutation responsible for S hemoglobinopathy. Clinical data and biochemical laboratory allowed the diagnosis of sickle cell syndrome. The molecular study confirmed the syndrome carrying mutations IVS-I nt 110 G > A, responsible for β thalassemia and, codon 6 A > T (GAG → GTG: Glu → Val) responsible for S hemoglobinophaty. Since it is a disease of high health impact, it is important to provide genetic counseling to the whole family.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hemoglobin, Sickle/genetics , Point Mutation , beta-Thalassemia/genetics , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , Syndrome , Biomarkers , Polymerase Chain Reaction , beta-Thalassemia/diagnosis , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis , Molecular Biology
2.
Salud UNINORTE ; 32(3): 513-527, Sept.-Dec. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-962391

ABSTRACT

Resumen La anemia hemolítica más frecuente en la población mundial es la anemia de células falciformes (ACF), con una incidencia de 1/600 recién nacidos en Estados Unidos y en algunas regiones de España con incidencia de 1/5000 neonatos; en Colombia no hay registros respecto a la incidencia y prevalencia. La transmisión de la ACF es autosómica dominante. Los homocigotos (SS) no sintetizan Hb A y poseen eritrocitos con un 90 % de Hb S. El portador o heterocigoto (AS) tiene hematíes con Hb A mayor que 50 % y Hb S de 20 - 40 % y son usualmente asintomáticos. La Hb S se debe a una mutación en el gen de la cadena beta de globina, lo cual conlleva a la polimerización de la Hb en condiciones de baja oxigenación, lo cual origina un cambio en la morfología del eritrocito que adquiere la forma falciforme. La sintomatología es secundaria a la anemia hemolítica crónica, la vaso-oclusión en los diferentes órganos y la asplenia funcional, la cual predispone a la infección. Otras manifestaciones asociadas son el secuestro esplénico, la aplasia eritroide y las complicaciones órgano - especificas, que disminuyen la calidad de vida y predisponen a mayor mortalidad. Su manejo debe realizarse en centros de referencia donde haya un manejo integral, incluyendo el recurso humano y físico, ya que el manejo inadecuado y sus complicaciones disminuyen la sobrevida, la cual no es superior a los 45 años según reportes.


Abstract The most common hemolytic anemia in the world population is sickle cell anemia, with an incidence of 1/600 newborns in the United States and Spain some regions 1/5000 incidence of infants; in Colombia there are no records regarding the incidence and prevalence. ACF transmission is autosomal dominant. Homozygotes (SS) do not synthesize Hb A and possess erythrocytes with 90 % Hb S. The carrier or heterozygous (AS) is greater Hb RBCs with 50 % A and Hb S of 20 - 40 % and are usually asymptomatic. Hb S is due to a mutation in the gene for beta globin chain, leading to polymerization of Hb in low oxygenation, resulting in a change in morphology sickle erythrocyte acquiring form. The symptoms are secondary to chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusion in the different organs and functional asplenia which predisposes to infection. Other associated manifestations are splenic sequestration, erythroid aplasia complications and organ - specific, which decrease the quality of life and predispose to increased mortality. Its management must be performed in reference centers where there is a comprehensive management including human and physical resources, as improper handling and its complications decreased survival which is not more than 45 years according to reports.

3.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 37(2): 211-216, jul.-dez. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-832094

ABSTRACT

Current analysis investigates the sickle-cell syndrome among members of a maroon community (comunidade quilombola) in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. The entire population, comprising five hundred and ninety-three people, was screened. Blood samples were collected from 318 people, aged between six months and fifty years, who underwent a solubility test to assess the presence of HbS, followed by Sickle-Cell Test to confirm its presence. Results revealed that 2.2% of the three hundred and eighteen people tested have hemoglobin HbS in their blood; 57% have type HbAS and 43% have a combination between thalassemia and heterozygous with a variable percentage of HbS ranging between 24.9 and 37.9%. Blood sampling revealed that only five out of the 318 people belonged to different families. Results are highly relevant for public health policies on the sickle-cell syndrome and its management.


Este trabalho investiga a síndrome da anemia falciforme entre os membros de uma comunidade quilombola no Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Foi rastreada toda a população, que compreende 593 pessoas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 318 pessoas, com idades entre seis meses e 50 anos, que foram submetidas a um teste de solubilidade para avaliar a presença de HbS, seguido pelo teste de falcização para confirmar a sua presença. Os resultados revelaram que 2,2% das 318 pessoas testadas apresentaram hemoglobina variante HbS em seu sangue; 57% possuíam a variante HbAS e 43% apresentaram uma combinação entre talassemia e heterozigotos com percentagens variáveis de HbS entre 24,9 e 37,9%. A coleta de sangue revelou que apenas cinco das 318 pessoas pertenciam a famílias distintas. Os resultados são altamente relevantes para o planejamento e gestão de políticas públicas de saúde sobre a síndrome falciforme


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis , Anemia, Sickle Cell
4.
Invest. clín ; 55(2): 173-184, jun. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-749975

ABSTRACT

El síndrome drepanocítico (SD) comprende un grupo de anemias hemolíticas hereditarias de tipo multisistémico asociadas a la hemoglobina S. Los pacientes que padecen este síndrome tienen un mayor riesgo, en comparación con individuos sanos, de presentar accidentes cerebrovasculares, hipertensión pulmonar, necrosis avascular de articulaciones, síndrome torácico agudo y complicaciones durante el embarazo, asociados a un estado de hipercoagulabilidad inducido por alteraciones en los diferentes componentes de la hemostasia, que incluyen la activación del endotelio y de los sistemas plaquetario, de la coagulación y de la fibrinólisis. Esta revisión resume las alteraciones en la hemostasia reportadas en los pacientes con SD, en los cuales se ha demostrado: mayor interacción de células endoteliales con leucocitos, hematíes y plaquetas; aumento de la expresión de proteínas de adhesión, como el factor von Willebrand y sus multímeros de alto peso molecular; aumento de la adhesión y la agregación plaquetaria y de la expresión de proteínas en sus membranas. En el sistema de coagulación se ha detectado aumento en la expresión del factor tisular (FT) en micropartículas derivadas de diferentes células, aumento de marcadores de activación de este sistema, entre estos los fragmentos 1.2 de la protrombina y los complejos trombina-antitrombina y una disminución de las proteínas C y S que actúan como anti-coagulantes. Adicionalmente, se han encontrado aumentados los marcadores de activación del sistema fibrinolítico como los dímeros D y los complejos plasmina/antiplasmina. Todas estas manifestaciones favorecen la aparición de complicaciones trombóticas, implicadas en el deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se recomienda implementar en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de esta enfermedad, la determinación de variables del sistema hemostático, con el fin de identificar alteraciones en etapas tempranas y aplicar terapias que puedan prevenir complicaciones trombóticas.


Sickle cell syndrome (SCS) includes a group of congenital hemolytic anemias associated to the presence of hemoglobin S, which is characterized by acute pain episodes and progressive damage of different organs. Some patients with sickle cell syndrome have shown, when compared with healthy individuals, an increased risk of presenting stroke, pulmonary hypertension, avascular necrosis of joints, acute chest syndrome and pregnancy complications, associated to a hypercoagulable state induced by alterations in different components of hemostasis, such as changes that include activation of the endothelium, platelet activity, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. This paper compiles hemostasis disorders, associated with thrombotic manifestations, reported until now in sickle cell syndrom. These patients have an increase in activation markers of the coagulation system, such as prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, etc., depletion of natural anticoagulant proteins, abnormal activation of the fibrinolytic system and increased tissue factor expression. Similarly, abnormal expression of glycoproteins and increased adhesion and platelet aggregation have been reported. All these alterations produce a hypercoagulable state, which induces, among other things, the appearance of thrombotic complications. In view of the importance of controlling the different complications that can occur in patients with sickle cell syndrome, we recommend the implementation, in diagnosis and monitoring studies, of the evaluation of the different components of the hemostatic system, identifying alterations at an early stage and applying effective treatments to prevent thrombotic complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood , Hemostasis , Thrombophilia/etiology , ADAM Proteins/blood , Blood Proteins/analysis , Cell-Derived Microparticles , Cell Adhesion Molecules/blood , Erythrocytes, Abnormal , Fibrinolysis , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis , Fibrinolysin/analysis , Interleukins/blood , Platelet Activation , Peptide Fragments/analysis , Prothrombin/analysis , Risk , Thromboembolism/etiology , /analysis , von Willebrand Factor/analysis
5.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 22(supl.2): 268-273, 2000. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-569605

ABSTRACT

Components of the sickle cell hemolytic transfusion reaction syndrome are related in this report. Also positive mechanisms involved in the development of post-transfusion anemia are described.


No relato são apresentados os componentes da síndrome hemolítica transfusional em pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme. Descrevo também os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de anemia pós-transfusional.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell
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