Applicability survey of Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale on stroke patients′ by Delphi method / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To discuss applicability of Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale in Chinese stroke patients. Methods The Chinese version of Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale was translated and revised, design the questionnaire to conduct two rounds of consultation on 16 experts, and the positive coefficient, the degree of coordination and the degree of authoritativeness of expert opinions were statistically analyzed. Results The positive degree of two rounds consultation were higher. The expert authority coefficient was 0.89. The expert coordination coefficient were 0.375 and 0.571 (P<0.01 for both). Preliminary revised scale contained 6 dimensions and 27 items. Conclusions Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale is highly reliable and represent, and it can be used as a tool for Chinese stroke patients to assess emotional and social dysfunction,which can provide references for medical staff and patients′ family members to conduct targeted psychological intervention.

Applicability survey of Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale on stroke patients′ by Delphi method / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To discuss applicability of Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale in Chinese stroke patients. Methods The Chinese version of Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale was translated and revised, design the questionnaire to conduct two rounds of consultation on 16 experts, and the positive coefficient, the degree of coordination and the degree of authoritativeness of expert opinions were statistically analyzed. Results The positive degree of two rounds consultation were higher. The expert authority coefficient was 0.89. The expert coordination coefficient were 0.375 and 0.571 (P<0.01 for both). Preliminary revised scale contained 6 dimensions and 27 items. Conclusions Emotional and Social Dysfunction Scale is highly reliable and represent, and it can be used as a tool for Chinese stroke patients to assess emotional and social dysfunction,which can provide references for medical staff and patients′ family members to conduct targeted psychological intervention.

Effect of clozapine treatment and rehabilitation nursing on social dysfunction of schizophrenia / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study and analyze the effect of clozapine treatment and rehabilitation nursing on social dysfunction of schizophrenia. Methods 88 patients with schizophrenia in Tongde Hospital were selected as the subjects. The control group was treated with clozapine, with an initial dose of 50 mg, once a day. On the basis of the experimental group received rehabilitation nursing measures, health education, establishing harmonious doctor-patient relationship, according to the actual situation of patients received psychological counseling measures, pay attention to patients with mood changes, the patients were encouraged to manual labor and rehabilitation activities. Results Before treatment, the scores of social function disability screening scale of the experimental group and the control group were (6.89±1.65) points and (6.57±1.63) points, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. After treatment, the defect score of the experimental group was (4.32 ±1.10), significantly lower than the control group, the scale score was (5.67 ± 1.37), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Clozapine combined with rehabilitation nursing in the treatment of schizophrenia social function defects, the clinical efficacy is ideal, can significantly improve the social function defects of patients, and has clinical significance.

Effect of clozapine treatment and rehabilitation nursing on social dysfunction of schizophrenia / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study and analyze the effect of clozapine treatment and rehabilitation nursing on social dysfunction of schizophrenia. Methods 88 patients with schizophrenia in Tongde Hospital were selected as the subjects. The control group was treated with clozapine, with an initial dose of 50 mg, once a day. On the basis of the experimental group received rehabilitation nursing measures, health education, establishing harmonious doctor-patient relationship, according to the actual situation of patients received psychological counseling measures, pay attention to patients with mood changes, the patients were encouraged to manual labor and rehabilitation activities. Results Before treatment, the scores of social function disability screening scale of the experimental group and the control group were (6.89±1.65) points and (6.57±1.63) points, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. After treatment, the defect score of the experimental group was (4.32 ±1.10), significantly lower than the control group, the scale score was (5.67 ± 1.37), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Clozapine combined with rehabilitation nursing in the treatment of schizophrenia social function defects, the clinical efficacy is ideal, can significantly improve the social function defects of patients, and has clinical significance.

Impaired Social and Role Function in Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis and First-Episode Schizophrenia: Its Relations with Negative Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: Psychosocial dysfunction was a nettlesome problem of schizophrenia even in their prodromal phase as well as in their first-episode. In addition, its relations with psychopathology were not determined. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the social and role function impairment was found in ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) individuals as well as first-episode schizophrenia patients and to explore its relations with psychopathology. METHODS: Thirty-seven normal controls, 63 UHR participants and 28 young, first-episode schizophrenia patients were recruited. Psychosocial functioning was examined by using Global function: Social and Role scale. Psychopathologies of positive, negative and depressive symptom were also measured. RESULTS: Social and role functioning in UHR were compromised at the equivalent level of those of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that social and role dysfunction was associated with negative symptoms in each UHR and first-episode schizophrenia group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the significant impairment of social and role function may be appeared before the active psychosis onset at the level of extent to those of first-episode schizophrenia patients. The psychosocial intervention strategy especially targeting the negative symptoms should be developed and provided to individuals from their prepsychotic stage of schizophrenia.

Impaired Social and Role Function in Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis and First-Episode Schizophrenia: Its Relations with Negative Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: Psychosocial dysfunction was a nettlesome of schizophrenia even in their prodromal phase as well as first episode and its relations with psychopathology were not determined. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the social and role function impairment was found in ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) individuals as well as first-episode schizophrenia patients and to explore its relations with psychopathology. METHODS: Thirty-seven normal controls, 63 UHR participants and 28 young, first-episode schizophrenia patients were recruited. Psychosocial functioning was examined by using Global function: Social and Role scale. Psychopathologies of positive, negative and depressive symptom were also measured. RESULTS: Social and role functioning in UHR were compromised at the equivalent level of those of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that social and role dysfunction was associated with negative symptoms in each UHR and first-episode schizophrenia group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the significant impairment of social and role function may be appeared before the active psychosis onset at the level of extent to those of first-episode schizophrenia patients. The psychosocial intervention strategy especially targeting the negative symptoms should be developed and provided to individuals from their prepsychotic stage of schizophrenia.

Social dysfunction and skills in schizophrenia: relationship with treatment response and severity of psychopathology

Abstract Background Social dysfunction is an important outcome for schizophrenia and can be measured by the evaluation of social skills. Objectives To compare social skills in patients with schizophrenia classified according the degree of treatment response and severity of psychopathology with normative controls by using the Del Prette Social Skills Inventory (SSI). Methods Cross-sectional study where the 38 questions SSI was applied to 62 outpatients with schizophrenia and compared with data of 99 normal controls from the general population. The SSI was evaluated by five domains. Psychopathology was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Patients were classified as Treatment Resistant (TRS) and Non Treatment Resistant (NTRS) by the International Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project (IPAP) criteria. ANCOVA was used to control for demographic differences between populations. Results Patients showed significantly more impaired than controls except for aggressiveness control. When variables such as age, age of onset, schooling or medication dose entered as covariates, differences between controls and patients, or TRS with NTRS, almost disappeared. The SSI and PANSS showed an inverse relationship between their domains. Discussion The SSI may represent a useful tool for evaluation of social skills in schizophrenia. Antipsychotics may exert a protective effect on social skills.

Introduction of the Concept of Social Dysfunction Spectrum

Along with language, socialization is a unique feature of the human being. There is a continuous debate regarding whether the development of socialization is innate, and conducted by the environment in the growing process, or the result of the interaction of both aspects. If socialization is the result of the interaction with the environment or is an acquired developmental process, the following question rises. "Is there a 'critical period' for the development of socialization?" Although there are a huge number of studies seeking for treatment and solutions for developmental delay or deficits of socialization, it is very complicated question to answer. Historical figures such as 'Hugh Blair' of Borgue in England, and 'the wild boy of Aveyron' in France, seem to have innate socialization deficits. Nowadays patients with non-verbal learning disorder, social communication disorder, or autism spectrum disorder seem to have genetic defects. On the other hand, Harry Harlow's monkey experiments, hikikomori of Japan, Romanian orphans and patients with reactive attachment disorder seem to display social deficits due to environmental factors. However, it is not easy to clearly draw a line between innate or acquired factors. Therefore, rather than subdividing the diseases for etiological and pathophysiological approach to heterogenous groups with the common denominator of social deficit, and for the research of pathophysiology and treatment development, the authors suggest a comprehensive concept of "social dysfunction spectrum."

Improvement of Socio-Occupational Function in Schizophrenia / 대한정신약물학회지

The goal of treatment for schizophrenia has been changed since the atypical antipsychotics have been introduced. In the past, control of psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia was the main issue in the treatment of schizophrenia. Recently, however, reintegration into society is the final goal of treatment for patients with schizophrenia and the definitions of remission and recovery are discussed among experts group and newly introduced. For this goal, the factors which affect social dysfunctions of schizophrenia have been explored and the intervention which have been known to be helpful for improvement of social dysfunction of the patients with schizophrenia have been suggested. In this article, recent findings about social dysfunction and treatment programs for social dysfunction of schizophrenia are reviewed and introduced. Cognitive dysfunction, partial or noncompliance to treatment, social stigma and discrimination are major factors contributing social dysfunction of the patients with schizophrenia. In this regard, cognitive enhancement therapy, long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic drugs, and psychosocial interventions which enhance treatment adherence and empower the patients in the society have been known to be helpful for social dysfunction of the patients with schizophrenia. Further biological and psychoscial studies and efforts should be made for achieving the final goal of treatment for schizophrenia-'reintegration into society'.