Study on the effect of chin morphology on orthodontic treatment / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of different soft-tissue morphologies on the treatment of skeletal class Ⅰ malocclusion patients by analyzing measurement data before and after treatment.@*METHODS@#Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 55 adult female Angle class Ⅰ patients were collected in the Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University from January 2012 to December 2020. Chin soft-tissue morphologies in the lateral cranial radiographs were used to divide the patients into an abnormal chin morphology group (flat and retracted chins, n=27) and a normal chin morphology group (rounded and prominent chins, n=28). Relevant soft- and hard-tissue indexes were selected to study in-group varieties and intergroup differences in the varying chin morphologies before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The chin-lip angle, mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, PP-MP, LL-E, UL-E, Po-Pos, and B-B' thickness in the abnormal chin morphology group were significantly higher than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). Furthermore, m∶BMe and n∶B'Mes in the abnormal chin morphology group were signi-ficantly lower than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). After treatment, the mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, SNA, SNB, and B-B' thickness of the abnormal chin morphology group significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle, m∶BMe, n∶B' Mes, and Po-Pos significantly increased (P<0.05). In the normal chin morphology group, the U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, and B-B' thicknesses decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle significantly increased (P<0.05). Among them, m∶BMe and n∶B' Mes were positively correlated.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Chin morphology affects the formulation of treatment plans. Compared with the normal chin morphology group, the abnormal chin morphology group required a larger retraction of incisors. Although the chin of soft-tissue morphology is related to the morphology of bones, the changes in soft tissue chin after treatment cannot be directly predicted according to the bone changes. Soft-tissue chin morphology affects the aesthetic assessment of the soft-tissue lateral profile and the change in soft tissue before and after treatment. The method of predicting the change in soft-tissue chin after treatment should consider the morphology of the soft-tissue chin.

Correlation of profile esthetic indexes and esthetics evaluation in young females / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To find the facial soft tissue measured indexes related to esthetic evaluation.Methods Thirty women were selected and scanned with CBCT;all individuals showed normal jaw,and lateral profile was taken in natural head posture.All the data measured including E line were imported with software Winceph 8.0 and overlapped,acquiring lateral cephalometric radiographs in natural head posture.29 orthodontists and 85 laypersons were invited to evaluate the attractiveness of this 30 profile silhouettes.18 esthetic indexes including E line were measured by Winceph 8.0.Paired t-tests were carried out for measured values of aesthetic indexes from two groups.Then Pearson correlation analysis was used to each silhouette score and values of aesthetic indexes were analyzed.Results Orthodontists group had average 0.05 points higher than laypersons.The aesthetic evaluation was different between orthodontists and laypersons with statistical significance.The measured indexes were correlated with measured values of two groups,including TLL-TVL,B'-TVL,Pos'-TVL (P＜0.05).Conclusions There are differences between orthodontists and laypersons in soft-tissue profile esthetic evaluation.The value of TLL-TVL,B'-TVL and Pos TVL are three key soft-tissue measurements that influence the esthetic indexes both for orthodontists and laypersons.The head position is an element that influences esthetic evaluation.

Environmental and genetic effects on soft tissue surface plane in cephalograms of female twins from six to twelve years old / 解剖学报

Objective To study the relative effects of environment and genes on the soft tissue surface plane during the mixed dentitions, and to provide theoretical evidence to establish the correct teeth treatment plan. Methods The lateral cephalograms of one hundred and eighty-three female twins from six to twelve years old were studied. The environmental and genetic effects were analyzed on soft tissue profile by twin method. Results The influence of environmental factors was detected by measurement items of subnasale (F3), upper lip concave point(F4),upper lip sudden point (F5), upper stomion(F6), lower stomion(F7), lower lip sudden point(F8), lower lip concave point(F9), menton of soft tissue(F10)(P<0. 05). Among them,lower stomion(F7)and lower lip sudden point(F8)were more affected by environmental impact, the influence of environmental and genetic factors was detected by measurement items of subnasale(F3),upper lip concave point(F4),and lower lip concave point(F9). Conclusion The lower lip is more be influenced by environmental factors, whereas the subnasale, upper lip concave point,and lower lip concave point are mainly by both the environmental and genetic factors.

Effect of soft tissue thickness on the morphology of lip in orthodontic treatment / Efecto del grosor del tejido blando en la morfología del labio en el tratamiento de ortodoncia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissue thickness of upper lip on lip retraction in orthodonticaltreated females and identify the ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to upper lip retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 adults were examined to measure the lip thickness in upper lip and establish the classification standard. All subjects were treated with 4 first premolar extractions followed by upper central incisors retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 19 patients were reviewed to determine the changes of the upper lip and incisor positions through landmarks displacement. An independent-samples t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed. The correlations between maxillary incisor retraction and upper lip retraction were explored by the Pearson correlation method. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The lip thickness of adult male patients was greater than that of adult female patients. The average ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to upper lip repositioning was 1.6:1,1.9:1 and 2.2:1 in the thin lips group, normal lips group and thick lips group, respectively. Gender differences exist in the thickness of upper lip. Horizontal changes of the maxillary incisor showed a significant correlation to horizontal changes of the upper lip (P<0.001).There were negative correlations between the thickness of upper lip and the ratio between change in maxillary incisor protrusion and change in upper lip protrusion.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del grosor de los tejidos blandos del labio superior, sobre la retracción del labio en mujeres tratadas con ortodoncia e identificar la proporción de retracción del diente incisivo maxilar con respecto a la retracción del labio superior. Se examinaron cefalogramas laterales, previos y posteriores al tratamiento de 100 adultos, para medir el grosor del labio superior y establecer un estándar de clasificación. Todos los sujetos fueron tratados con 4 extracciones de los primeros premolares seguidas de retracción de los incisivos centrales superiores. Se revisaron los cefalogramas laterales, previos y posteriores al tratamiento de 19 pacientes, para determinar los cambios del labio superior y las posiciones de los incisivos a través del desplazamiento de los puntos de referencia. Se realizó una prueba t de muestras independientes y un análisis de varianza de una vía. Las correlaciones entre la retracción del incisivo maxilar y la retracción del labio superior se exploraron mediante el método de correlación de Pearson. Los valores de p<0,05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. El grosor de los labios de los pacientes adultos masculinos fue mayor que el de las pacientes adultas. La relación promedio de la retracción del incisivo maxilar al reposicionamiento del labio superior fue de 1,6:1,1; 9:1 y 2,2:1 en el grupo de labios delgados, grupo de labios normales y grupo de labios gruesos, respectivamente. Existen diferencias de sexo en el grosor del labio superior. Los cambios horizontales del incisivo maxilar mostraron una correlación significativa con los cambios horizontales del labio superior (P<0,001). Hubo correlaciones negativas entre el grosor del labio superior y la relación entre el cambio en la protuberancia del incisivo maxilar y el cambio en la protrusión del labio superior.

Quantifying the Soft Tissue Profile by Two Different Methods in Iraqi Adults: A Comparative Study

Patient’s soft tissue profile plays a prominent role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, many researchers have defined various facial soft tissue parameters based on lateral cephalometric radiographs by using either anatomic point method or tangent line method, however, these methods differ in the way of constructing straight lines along the soft tissue profile. This study aimed to compare the reliability of the two drawing methods (anatomic point and tangent line method). The sample consists of 100 true lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients with normal occlusion and accepted facial profile aged (18-30) years, ten angular measurements along the soft tissue contour were measured by the 2 drawing methods by 3 orthodontist examiners and analyzed statistically to fined means and standard deviation and to be compared by intra-class correlation coefficient. The results showed the non-significant difference between the measurements of the two drawing methods, and both methods were reliable and consistence in soft tissue profile analysis.

Morphological characteristics of soft tissue profile of Angle's class II division i malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment / Características morfológicas del perfil de tejido blando de la clase II de la división I de maloclusión de ángulo antes y después del tratamiento de ortodoncia

SUMMARY: By analysing cephalometrics before and after the treatment of Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion, soft tissue profile changes were observed, and to explore whether there was a correlation between the change of posterior occlusal plane (OP-P) and soft tissue profile. The study aimed to provide a theoretical reference in the clinical diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of early permanent dentition of Angle class II division 1 malocclusion patients. We randomly selected 20 cases of orthodontics in Shanxi Medical University orthodontics patients (aged 12-18 years) of the lateral cephalograms, Winceph 8.0 software was used to measure the posterior occlusal plane (OP-P), TUL-EP, TLL-EP, nasolabial angle, upper lip base thickness, upper lip tension, lower lip H line distance, chin soft tissue thickness and Z angle. And SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between OP-P and other measurement indexes. The change of posterior occlusal plane was positively related to the distance from upper lip to the esthetic plane, the distance from lower lip to the esthetic plane, the tension of the upper lip and distance from lower lip to H line, and the change of posterior occlusal plane was negatively related to nasolabial angle and Z angle. The change of posterior occlusal plane had no significant correlation with upper lip base thickness and soft tissue chin thickness. The change of posterior occlusal plane has an important guiding significance for orthodontic treatment,by focusing on the change of the posterior occlusal plane to achieve the purpose of changing the soft tissue profile.

RESUMEN: Se realizó un estudio cefalométrico antes y después del tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes portadores de maloclusión clase II división 1 de Angle. Se observaron cambios en el perfil de los tejidos blandos y se exploró si había una correlación entre el cambio del plano oclusal posterior (OP-P) y el perfil de los tejidos blandos. El objetivo de este estudio fue otorgar una referencia teórica en el diagnóstico clínico y el tratamiento de ortodoncia de los pacientes con dentición permanente temprana con maloclusión clase II división 1 de Angle. Seleccionamos al azar 20 casos cefalometrías de pacientes de ortodoncia de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi (entre 12 y18 años). Para ello, se utilizó el software Winceph 8.0 para medir el plano oclusal posterior (OP-P), TUL-EP, TLL-EP, ángulo nasolabial, grosor de la base del labio superior, tensión del labio superior, distancia entre líneas del labio inferior H, grosor del tejido blando del mentón y ángulo Z. Se utilizó el software SPSS 22.0 para analizar la correlación entre OP-P y otros índices. El cambio del plano oclusal posterior tuvo una correlación positiva con la distancia desde el labio superior al plano estético, la distancia desde el labio inferior hasta el plano estético, la tensión del labio superior y distancia del labio inferior a la línea H. El cambio del plano oclusal posterior tuvo una correlación negativa con el ángulo nasolabial y el ángulo Z. El cambio del plano oclusal posterior no tuvo una correlación significativa con el grosor de la base del labio superior y la barbilla de tejido blando. El cambio del plano oclusal posterior tiene un importante significado de orientación para el tratamiento de ortodoncia, de tal manera que al cambiar el plano oclusal posterior se podrá lograr el propósito de cambiar el perfil del tejido blando.

Comparison between transmission technique and MBT straight wire technique in correction of protruding in adults / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To evaluate the curative effect by using transmission straight wire appliance in treatment of adult patients with protruding,to compare with MBT straight wire technique,and to discuss their similarities and differences.Methods Totally 40 protruding patients were assigned into two groups randomly:the transmission straight wire technique group were treated with transmission straight wire appliance,and the MBT straight wire technique group were treated with MBT appliance together with extraoral arch or screw implant anchorage.Cephalometric measurements were compared before and after treatment.Results Average period of treatment was (19 ±4) months for transmission group and (23 ± 4) months for MBT group.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After treatment,U1/SN,U1/NA,U1-NA,L1/NB,L1-NB,U1-AP,L1-AP,UL-EP,LL-EP were significantly reduced for both patients groups (P＜0.01).U1/L1,nasolabial angle and z angle were increased for both groups (P＜0.05).MP/SN increased by 1.93°(P＜0.05)for transmission group vs.0.81° (P＞0.05) for MBT group.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05) except MP/SN (P＜0.05).However,the retraction of anterior teeth in transmission group was greater than that of MBT group,and U1/NA changed (-20.95±8.79)° in transmission group vs.(-16.00 ± 6.52)° in MBT group.Conclusions Both techniques can achieve satisfactory results for protruding cases.The transmission technology can improve soft tissue profile quicker,but anterior teeth have excessive vertical trend,where attention should be paid to control torque on anterior teeth.

The effect of tooth extraction and nonextraction treatment on the soft tissue profile of the subjects with border-line Angle classⅡ division 1 malocclusion / 实用口腔医学杂志

The effect of extraction and nonextraction treatment on the soft tissue profile of the subjects borderline Angle classⅡ division 1 malocclusion is concerned mainly by orthodontists.This article reviewes the effect of extraction and nonextraction treatment on the soft tissue profile of the subjects with Angle classⅡ division 1 borderline patients and the important factors(such as differences between the types of tooth extraction and growth).The aim is to guide clinic diagnosis and treatment for borderline Angle classⅡ division 1 malocclusion.

The Study of Soft-Tissue Profile Changes in Patients with Class III Malocclusion after Premolar Extraction Therapy / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the change and correlation between hard-tissue and soft-tissue in patients with class III malocclusion after premolar extraction treatment. Methods Thirty-four adult patients with skeletal classⅢmalocclusion who met the including criteria were included in this retrospective study. The lateral cephalographs were traced and analysed before and after the treatment. Results After orthodontic treatment,the values of long axis of upper incisors and S-N angle (U1-SN) and long axis of lower incisors-mandibular plane (L1-MP) were decreased, and the angle of man-dibular plane (MP-FH) was increased (P<0.01). The SL line was used as a reference, the protrusion of upper incisor (UI-SL) and upper lips (UL-SL) was decreased, and the protrusion of lower incisors (LI-SL) and lower lips (LL-SL) was also de-creased after orthodontic treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the relevant measurements of chin. The retraction of upper incisor (△UL-SL) was the only measurement that was positively correlated with upper lip re-traction (△UI-SL). The retraction of upper incisor (△UI-SL) and lower incisor (△LI-SL) were positively correlated with the lower lip retraction (△LL-SL). There was a positive correlation between△UI-SL and△LL-SL. Conclusion The soft-tissue profile improved significantly after four premolars extraction. The change of soft-tissue profile was moderate correlated with hard-tissue.

Change of the facial profile in patients with protruding by fixed appliance and micro-implant / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To examine the effects of fixed appliance and micro-implant on the improvement of facial profile in patients with protruding.Methods 30 protruding cases were treated by fixed appliance and micro-implant.Cephalometric data before and after treatment were measured and analyzed to assess the effects.Results The upper incisors were retracted 6.5 mm.The upper lip was retracted 3.8 mm.The lower incisors were retracted 5.8 mm.The lower lip was retracted 5.6 mm.UL-E was retracted 3.21 mm.LL-E was retracted 3.67 mm.NLA was changed from 86.7°to 103.7°.The U1-SN,U1-Y,L1-MP,L1-Y,UL-Y,LL-Y,UL-E,LL-E,and NLA demonstrated significant differences between pre-and post-treatment.Conclusions Fixed appliance and micro-implant might retract the anterior teeth and lead to an improvement of facial profile.

Avaliação da proporção facial vertical: relação entre as alturas tegumentar e esquelética / Evaluation of facial proportions in the vertical plane to investigate the relationship between skeletal and soft tissue dimensions

OBJETIVO: determinar a relação entre as alturas faciais obtidas na avaliação do tegumento e do esqueleto subjacente, na análise da proporção facial vertical, na região anterior. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 24 radiografias cefalométricas de perfil e 48 fotografias da face, sendo 24 de perfil e 24 frontais, pertencentes a 24 indivíduos brasileiros, 7 do sexo masculino e 17 do feminino, na faixa etária de 19 a 38 anos. Foram realizados traçados cefalométricos e, sobre esses, obtidas medidas lineares, segundo as análises preconizadas por Schudy, Wylie e Johnson e Thompson e Brodie. Sobre as fotografias faciais, foram demarcados os pontos glabela, subnasal e mento, o que permitiu a medição das distâncias lineares entre os mesmos. Os dados obtidos foram, então, tratados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: encontrou-se correlação positiva entre as avaliações do tegumento e do esqueleto subjacente, com base nas análises de Schudy (r=0,619, p<0,001), Wylie e Johnson (r=0,595, p<0,002) e Thompson e Brodie (r=0,630, p<0,001), embora, individualmente, algumas discordâncias tenham sido identificadas, devido à variabilidade em espessura nos tecidos moles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between facial heights by evaluating the soft tissues and underlying skeleton and by analyzing vertical facial proportions in the anterior region. METHODS: The study used 24 lateral cephalometric x-rays and 48 photographs of the face, 24 in profile view and 24 in front view, belonging to 24 Brazilian individuals, 7 men and 17 women whose ages ranged from 19 to 38 years. Cephalometric tracings were performed and linear measurements obtained according to the analyses suggested by Schudy, Wylie & Johnson, and Thompson & Brodie. The anatomical landmarks glabella, subnasal and menton were identified on the photographs, which allowed the measurement of linear distances between these points. The data were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A positive correlation was found between evaluations of the soft tissues and underlying skeleton based on the analyses advanced by Schudy (r=0.619, p<0.001), Wylie & Johnson (r=0.595, p<0.002) and Thompson & Brodie (r=0.630, p<0.001), although, individually, some discrepancies were identified due to variability in soft tissue thickness.

Alterações do perfil médio facial no tratamento da má-oclusão de classe II de Angle com aparelho de Kloehn / Alterations of the face media profile in the treatment of the malocclusion of Angle Class II with Kloehn apliance

A presente pesquisa foi retrospectiva e desenvolvida com o intuito de avaliar as alterações ocorridas no perfil médio facial em pacientes Classe II, Divisão I, de Angle, tratados com o aparelho extrabucal de Kloehn. A amostra foi selecionada e constituída de 30 indivíduos, sendo 18 indivíduos para o grupo experimental e 12 indivíduos para o grupo controle. Foram realizadas telerradiografias no início (TI) e no final (T2) do tratamento para todos os indivíduos. A média de idade no início do tratamento do grupo experimental foi de 9,3 anos e de 10,6 anos para o grupo controle. Os resultados foram obtidos através de medidas cefalométricas tradicionais e pelo movimento dos pontos cefalométricos relacionados ao perfil mole em relação às coordenadas X e Y, obtidas 7° para baixo em relação à linha sela-násio (S-N). As respostas ao tratamento e as alterações provocadas pelo crescimento normal, foram analisadas e comparadas por meio do teste "t" de Student e o teste de Levene aplicado para a análise das variâncias. Foi realizada avaliação da reprodutibilidade do erro do método com índice de concordância acima de 98%. O tratamento com aparelho extrabucal de Kloehn para pacientes em Classe ll, Divisão I, de Angle, não apresentou alterações estatisticamente significantes em relação ao perfil mole facial, ângulo nasolabial, espessura e comprimento do lábio superior, comparado ao grupo não tratado. Por outro lado, houve uma resposta estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) quanto à restrição do deslocamento anterior da maxila com resultados esqueléticos e dento alveolares para a correção desta má-oclusão.

This research was retrospect and developed with intention to evaluate changes occurred in thefacial media profile inpatients class II division 1 of Angle, treated with the Kloehn headgear appliance. The sample was selected and consisted of 30 individuais, I 80 flhe experimental group and 12 of the control group. Cephalometric radiographs for ali patients were taken at the pretreatment (TI) and posl treatment (T2). The average age pre treatment of experimental group was 9,3 years, and for the group control was 10,6 years. The results had been described through traditional cephalometrics measures and for movement of related cephalometrics points to the soft profile in relation to coordinates X and Y, gotten 70for low in relation to the sela nasio line (S-N). The changes showed by the normal growth, had been analysed and compared by means t Student test and the Levene test was appliedfor lhe analysis ofthe variances. Evaluation of reprodutibility (error ofthe method) with index of agreement above of98% was realized. The treatment with Kloehn headgear appliance for patients Angle Class 11, Divisionl did not showed significant statistical changes in relation to lhe facial soft profile, nasolabial angle, thickness and length of the superior lip, when compared with un treatment group. On the other hand, it had results statistical significant (p<0,05) to the restriction of the anterior displacement of the jaw withskeletals and dento alveolars results for the correction of this mal occclusion.

Evaluation of soft tissue profile in 20 adults with unoperated isolated cleft palate / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the soft tissue profile in adults with unoperated isolated cleft palate. Methods Twenty patients older than 16 years(median age,18.4) with unoperated isolated cleft palate were enrolled.Soft tissue lateral cephalograms were traced and compared with those of cleft operated patients and class-Ⅰocclusion individuals.The results of various measurements were analyzed with ANOVA by SPSS11.5. Results In adults with unoperated isolated cleft palate,there was restriction at the top of the upper lip,and the antelabrum of upper lip and the lower lip were found normal. Conclusion The soft tissue profile in adults with unoperated isolated cleft palate exhibits almost the same characteristics as the corresponding hard tissue,and there is covering over effect of the soft tissue to some extent.

A comparative study of soft tissue profile between non-surgical group and orthognathic surgery combined group in skeletal class III patients

A comparative study of soft tissue profile between Korean and Caucasian young adults under NHP / 대한치과교정학회지

This study was performed to establish Korean soft tissue cephalometric norms, to compare the norms between sexes and between races, and then to suggest a guideline to execute orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for dentofacial deformities in Korean. Young Korean adults were selected. They were 27 males (23.8 2.6-year-old) and 20 females (22.5 1.7-year-old) who had harmonious facial balance. After taking lateral cephalograms under the natural head position which is widely known as a highly reliable and reproducible reference position, films were traced and analysing factors were measured as introduced by Arnett et al. Comparisons were done between male and female groups and between Korean and Caucasian groups using unpaired t-test. From the results it was concluded that Korean male had generally thicker lower facial soft tissue and smaller nasolabial angle, longer facial height, deeper facial depth, and more protrusive lower face than Korean female. From the comparison with Caucasian norms adopted from the research of Arnett et al., both Korean male and female showed longer facial lengths generally except less exposed maxillary incisor, and shorter facial depth than Caucasian counterparts. Also, both races showed similar horizontal position of maxillary structures from TVL (true vertical line), but there were more significant anteroposterior differences of maxilla-mandible in Korean groups. These results mean Korean had relatively more retruded mandibular structures from the reference line, TVL. Individuals who had harmonious facial balance showed similar facial angle, more or less 170 degree, regardless of sexes or races.

Mudanças no perfil facial de crianças com má oclusão classe II, divisão 1 decorrentes do crescimento normal e induzidas pelo bionator de Balters / Changes on soft-tissues profile of class II division 1 children consequent to normal growth and induced by Balters bionator appliance

A deficiência de dados na literatura nos levou a avaliar o efeito do tratamento com o aparelho bionator de Balters no perfil facial de crianças com má oclusão Classe II, divisão 1 de Angle, excluindo as mudanças que ocorreriam com o crescimento natural. A amostra consistiu de telerradiografias de pacientes leucodermas com idades entre 6 anos e 11 meses e 11 anos e 2 meses, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Um grupo controle, composto por 11 pacientes acompanhados sem tratamento por 1 ano, e um grupo experimental, composto por 12 pacientes acompanhados durante 1 ano de tratamento, sendo que oito desses pacientes foram avaliados no 2o ano de tratamento. A seleção da amostra teve como critérios de inclusão a presença dos incisivos centrais e laterais permanentes erupcionados ou em erupção, sobremordida e sobressaliência aumentadas e ausência de apinhamento dentário e alteração transversal dos arcos. A análise cefalométrica constou de medidas tradicionais angulares e lineares, esqueléticas, dentárias e de tecidos moles, além da verificação do deslocamento individual dos pontos do perfil facial em coordenadas x e y. A aplicação do teste de Levene mostrou evidências estatísticas de semelhança inicial entre os grupos. Procedeu-se então a análise estatística que mostrou alterações significantes (p<0,05) nas variáveis indicativas de convexidade esquelética, espessura dos lábios e comprimento do lábio inferior, além de aumento da altura facial esquelética e tegumentar. Por outro lado, não foi significante a alteração na convexidade tegumentar e comprimento do lábio superior nos pacientes tratados. Pode ser concluído com base nos resultados encontrados que o uso do bionator teve efeito favorável na alteração do perfil facial, principalmente na região de lábios e na altura facial.

Literature deficiency has led us to evaluate the changes on soft-tissue profile of Class II division 1 children induced by the use of Balters bionator appliance, excluding the changes that would occur with normal growth. The sample consisted of lateral radiographies of leucoderm children from 6 years and 11 months to 11 years and 2 months, randomly divided into two groups. The control group was formed by 11 patients followed with no treatment during one year, and the experimental one was composed by 12 children, accompanied for 1 year, but eight of these patients were also evaluated 2 years after the treatment onset. The inclusion criteria were the central and lateral permanent incisors erupted or into eruption, increased overjet and overbite, and no crowding or transverse problems in the dental arches. The cephalometric analysis consisted of angular and linear skeletal, dental and soft-tissue traditional measurements as well as the verification of the individual dislocation of the soft-tissue points in x and y coordinates. Levene's test application showed statistical evidence of similarity between the groups on the beginning of the research. The statistical analysis showed significant alterations (p<0,05) of either skeletal convexity, width of upper and lower lips, and lower lip length, or skeletal and soft-tissue vertical height. On the other hand, there was no significant change on soft-tissue convexity and upper lip length in the treated patients. It can be concluded that the use of bionator had a favorable effect on soft-tissue profile, especially on lips and vertical facial height.

Comparison of computer-based treatment prediction with true results in bimaxillary protrusion cases / 대한치과교정학회지

This study was performed to assess the accuracy of computer-based treatment prediction for soft tissue profile using Quick Ceph Image Pro(TM) & Quick Ceph 2000(TM) in bimaxillary protrusion cases. The pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 21 female adults treated by four first premolar extraction were imaged and 9 landmarks and 27 specific soft tissue mesurements were digitized for comparing actual treatment results with computer simulations. The results of this study showed that Quick Ceph Image Pro(TM) & Quick Ceph 2000(TM) tends to overestimate horizontal changes and underestimate vertical changes. In the computer simulation, upper lip showed rolling tendency. The upper lip measurements were disposed to be regular direction but lower lip measurements were varied case by case even if it was statistically insignificant.

The soft tissue profile analysis of Class Ⅲ malocclusion in the early permanent dentition:A cephalometric study / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objectives:To study the soft tissue profile characteristic in the early permanent dentition with Class Ⅲ malocclusion, and then to analyze the relationship between hard and soft tissue. Methods: 50 normal occlusion and 50 Class Ⅲ malocclusion children were examined cephalometrially with the lip at rest. Results:Compared with the normal occlusion group, All measurement except 9 soft tissue variables and 1 hard tissue variables was statistically significant with t-test in the Class Ⅲ malocclusion group (P

Comparison of soft tissue changes in angle class Ⅰ southern Chinese females with ELSID treated by orthodontic extraction / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To find out the changes of the soft tissue profile in Guangdong women with Angle's I teeth uncovered by lips after extraction of 4 first bicuspid teeth and to evaluate its significance. Methods Fifteen cases of adult Guangdong women with Angle's I teeth uncovered by lips were enrolled in this retrospective study. The X-ray film of lateral cephalometry was used to analyze the soft tissue profile in pre- and post- corrective tooth extraction. The paired t-test was statistically applied for comparison between the changes of lip tissue in pre- and post- correction. Results The changes occurred obviously in the angles of nose vs. lip and upper vs. lower lips, angle Z, and the length, thickness, esthetical plane distance and convex distance of upper and lower lips, but not in the angles of face and facial convex, basic angle of upper vs. lower lips and chin thickness. Conclusilons The facial dislocation and figure of these women have been positively improved after extraction of 4 first bicuspid teeth in spite of the larger thickness of lips than before correction, the just partly shortened distance between lips and the upper and front teeth still exposed and uncovered by lips to some extent. Further improvement depends on functional exercise of lip muscles.

A longitudintal study of soft-tissue profile changes in Korean adults aged from 24 to 32 years / 대한치과교정학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soft-tissue profile changes from 24 to 32 years of age in Korean adults. The subjects used in this study consisted of 17 males and 8 females. The data obtained from the lateral cephalograms taken at age 24 and 32, were analyzed statistically. The obtained results were as follows : 1. During the observation period, there were no significant changes in the hard-tissue measurements in both sexes (p>0.05). 2. In the anteroposterior measurements of soft-tissue, the males had significant increase in chin area (Pog', Gn'), and the females had significant decrease in lower lip (LI) (p<0.05). 3. In the vertical measurements of soft-tissue, both sexes showed the increased tendency in upper lip length(Sn-Sto) where the males showed significant increase (p<0.05). 4. In general, the females and males had the increased tendency in soft-tissue thickness, especially significant increase in chin area (Pog', Gn') (p<0.05).