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ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of Qiwei Baizhusan（QWBZS） on diabetic encephalopathy（DE） rat model， and to explore the possible mechanism of QWBZS in the treatment of DE based on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3β（GSK-3β） signaling pathway. MethodForty-eight SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group（8 rats） and high-fat diet group（40 rats）. After 12 weeks of feeding， rats in the high-fat diet group were intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg·kg-1 of 1% streptozotocin（STZ） for 2 consecutive days to construct a DE model， and rats in the blank group were injected with the same amount of sodium citrate buffer. After successful modeling， according to blood glucose and body weight， model rats were randomly divided into model group， low， medium and high dose groups of QWBZS（3.15， 6.3， 12.6 g·kg-1）， combined western medicine group（metformin+rosiglitazone， 0.21 g·kg-1）， with 6 rats in each group. The administration group was given the corresponding dose of drug by gavage， and the blank group and the model group were given an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage， 1 time/day for 6 weeks. Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial memory ability of DE rats. Fasting insulin （FINS） level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） and insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus in rats， ELISA was used to detect the indexes of oxidative stress in hippocampal tissues， real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect mRNA expression levels of PI3K， Akt， nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） in hippocampus， and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K， Akt， phosphorylated（p）-Akt， GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β in hippocampus of rats. ResultCompared with the blank group， FINS and HOMA-IR values of the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， the path of finding the original position of the platform was significantly increased， and the escape latency was significantly prolonged（P<0.01）， the morphology of neuronal cells in hippocampal tissues was disrupted， the levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS） and malondialdehyde（MDA） in hippocampus of rats were increased， and the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD） was decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， mRNA expression levels of PI3K and Akt were decreased（P<0.01）， mRNA expression levels of NF-κB， TNF-α and IL-1β were increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the protein expression levels of PI3K， p-Akt and p-GSK-3β were significantly decreased， and the protein expression of GSK-3β was significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the FINS and HOMA-IR values of the medium dose group of QWBZS and the combined western medicine group were significantly decreased（P<0.01）， the path of finding the original position of the platform and the escape latency were significantly shortened（P<0.01）， the hippocampal tissue structure of rats was gradually recovered， and the morphological damage of nerve cells was significantly improved， the contents of ROS and MDA in hippocampus of rats decreased and the level of SOD increased（P<0.01）， the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and Akt were increased（P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB， TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the protein expression levels of PI3K， p-Akt and p-GSK-3β were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the expression of GSK-3β was significantly decreased（P<0.01）. ConclusionQWBZS can alleviate insulin resistance in DE rats， it may repair hippocampal neuronal damage and improve learning and cognitive ability of DE rats by activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the influence of T2DM Spleen-qi Deficiency syndrome on Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI).Methods:The clinical data of 298 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the diagnostic criteria of spleen-qi deficiency syndrome, the patients were divided into two groups: spleen-qi deficiency syndrome group and non-spleen-qi deficiency syndrome group. There were 142 patients in the spleen-qi deficiency syndrome group and 156 patients in the non-spleen-qi deficiency syndrome group. The differences of ABI between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between spleen-qi deficiency syndrome and clinical indicators (gender, age, body mass index, course of diabetes, history of hypertension, smoking history, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, platelet, hemoglobin, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate) and ABI in T2DM patients was analyzed.Results:The left ABI [1.09 (1.00, 1.19) vs. 1.13 (1.03, 1.22)] and the right ABI [1.09 (0.96, 1.17) vs. 1.12 (1.02, 1.20)] in T2DM spleen-qi deficiency syndrome group were significantly lower than those in non-spleen-qi deficiency group ( P<0.05).The left ABI was significantly correlated with spleen-qi deficiency syndrome ( r=0.122, P=0.035) and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( r=0.137, P=0.018), and the right ABI was significantly correlated with spleen-qi deficiency syndrome ( r=0.123, P=0.034) and PLT ( r=-0.115, P=0.047). After correcting for other confounding factors by multiple linear regression analysis, there was significantly correlation between spleen-qi deficiency syndrome and ABI. Conclusion:Compared with the non-spleen-qi deficiency syndrome group, T2DM patients in the spleen-qi deficiency group had a lower ankle-brachial index and were more likely to develop peripheral arterial disease.
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【Objective】 To investigate the effect of physical therapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating the syndrome of lung and spleen qi deficiency in children at asthma remission stage and the effect on serological indicators. 【Methods】 A total of 130 children with asthma in remission treated in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2020 were selected and randomly divided into combination group (n=65) and physical group (n=65). The physical group was treated with physical therapy and Montelukaste sodium chewable tablet, while the combination group was treated with Xiaoqinglong Decoction based on soil preparation and gold generation method. Both groups were treated for three months. The scores of chest tightness (attack), cough, asthma and laryngeal wheezing were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The average score of TCM syndrome was recorded before treatment (T0), 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment (T1, T2 and T3), and 6 and 9 months after treatment (T4 and T5). Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), immunoglobulin (IgE) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) were detected before and after treatment. 【Results】 After treatment, the total effective rate in the combination group (86.15%) was higher than that in the physical group (73.85%) (χ2=4.333, P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of asthma, laryngeal phlegm were significantly lower in the combination group than in the physical group (P<0.05). The average score of TCM syndrome in T3, T4 and T5 combination group was lower than that in the physical group (t=3.167, 3.317, 4.168, 4.267, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-6, IgE and TNF-α were decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of IgE and TNF-α in the combination group were lower than those in the physical group (t=12.164, 5.136, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Physical therapy combined with Xiaoqinglong Decoction can improve clinical symptoms and regulate immunity of children at asthma remission stage.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） patterns as well as factors related to acute exacerbation in group E of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. MethodsThe general data of 161 COPD patients， including gender， age， body mass index （BMI）， disease course， smoking history， and past history， were collected. In terms of the four examinations of TCM， the differentiated patterns included phlegm-heat obstructing the lung， turbid phlegm obstructing the lung， phlegm stasis obstructing the lung， lung-spleen qi deficiency， and lung-kidney deficiency. The modified British Medical Research Council （mMRC） scale and COPD assessment test （CAT）， the pulmonary function indicators including forced expiratory volume in the first second （FEV1） and ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity at second 1 （FEV1/FVC）， GOLD grade， and the patient's acute exacerbations in the previous year were recorded. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using logistic regression model to determine the relevant factors of patients in COPD group E. The distribution of acute exacerbations in different TCM symptom patients in group E was analyzed. ResultsThere were 80 patients （49.69%） in group E and 81 patients （50.31%） in non-group E. In group E， 23 （28.75%） patients had a history of two acute exacerbations， while 35 （43.75%） had three acute exacerbations， and 22 （27.5%） had more than three acute exacerbations. There were 13 （16.25%） cases of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung pattern， 6 （7.5%） cases of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung pattern， 8 （10%） cases of phlegm stasis obstructing the lung pattern， 22 cases （27.5%） of lung-spleen qi deficiency pattern， and 31 （38.75%） cases of lung-kidney deficiency pattern. There were significant differences in smoking history， disease course， TCM pattern， TCM syndrome score， mMRC score， and CAT score between groups （P＜0.05）. A total of 107 of the 161 patients completed pulmonary function tests， and the differences in FEV1， FEV1/FVC and GOLD grades between groups were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that TCM pattern， TCM syndrome score and CAT score were statistically significant factors for COPD patients in group E （P＜0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the number of acute exacerbations in different TCM patterns in group E （P＜0.05）. The patients with two acute exacerbations in the past year were mainly phlegm-heat obstructing the lung and lung-spleen qi deficiency patterns， while the three acute exacerbations were mainly seen in lung-spleen qi deficiency and lung-kidney deficiency patterns， and more than three exacerbations were more common with lung -kidney deficiency pattern. ConclusionsPatients in COPD group E were mainly the lung-spleen qi deficiency and lung-kidney deficiency patterns. Deficiency of healthy qi is the main reason for the increase in the number of acute exacerbations， and TCM patterns and CAT score were the main related factors.
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ObjectiveTo establish and evaluate a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） model with lung-spleen qi deficiency. MethodA rat model mimicking COPD with lung-spleen qi deficiency was established by the combination of cigarette smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） along with gavage of Sennae Folium infusion. Forty male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly assigned to blank， model， and low- （L-FXY）， medium- （M-FXY）， and high-dose （H-FXY） Sennae Folium infusion groups. Other groups except the blank group were exposed to daily cigarette smoke， with LPS administrated via intratracheal instillation on the 1st and 14th days. On the 28th day of modeling， the L-FXY， M-FXY， and H-FXY groups were administrated with Sennae Folium infusion at 5， 10， and 20 g·kg-1， respectively， and at 4 ℃ for three weeks. The modeling lasted for 49 days. The general conditions （body mass， food intake， fecal water content， and anal temperature） and behaviors （grip strength test and tail suspension test） of rats in different groups were examined. The lung function， lung histopathology， D-xylose， amylase， and gastrin levels in the serum， interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 levels in the alveolar lavage fluid， levels of T-lymphocyte subsets （CD4+， CD8+， and CD4+/CD8+） in the peripheral blood， and thymus and spleen indices were measured. ResultTwo rats died in the H-FXY group. Compared with the blank group， both the M-FXY and H-FXY groups exhibited reduced body mass and food intake （P<0.01） and increased fecal water content （P<0.01）. The anal temperature in the H-FXY group was lower than that in the blank group （P<0.01）. The grip strength decreased in the modeling groups compared with the blank group （P<0.01）， and the duration of immobility in the tail suspension test increased in the M-FXY and H-FXY groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the modeling groups showed reduced 0.3 second forced expiratory volume （FEV0.3）， FEV0.3/forced vital capacity （FVC）（P<0.01）， thickening of bronchial walls， proliferation of goblet cells， and the presence of emphysematous changes. In terms of gastrointestinal function， the M-FXY and H-FXY groups had lower levels of D-xylose， gastrin， and α-amylase than the blank group （P<0.01）. Regarding the immune and inflammatory indices， the M-FXY and H-FXY groups showed lower thymus and spleen indices than the blank group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the modeling groups presented lowered CD4+ level （P<0.01） and CD4+/CD8+ ratio （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the peripheral blood and elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the alveolar lavage fluid （P<0.01） than the blank group. ConclusionA model of COPD with lung-spleen Qi deficiency was established through the combination of daily cigarette smoke， intratracheal instillation with LPS， and gavage of Sennae Folium infusion. The comprehensive evaluation results suggested medium-dose （10 g·kg-1） Sennae Folium infusion for gavage during the modeling of COPD with lung-spleen Qi deficiency.
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Aim To determine the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of the recommended prescription for COVID-2019-lung-spleen qi deficiency(4-1)against in vitro infection of SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses.Methods The main chemical substances of 4-1 were analyzed by LC-MS.The toxicity and antiviral effects of of 4-1 were detected by MTT and by CPE assay, respectively.The viral loads in cell supernatant and the expression of inflammatory factors induced by viral infection were determined by qRT-PCR.Results The recommended prescription 4-1 contained 94 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and so on.The range of selection indexes for SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses was 8.44±0.4952.26±2.3.This prescription could inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, the expression of ACE2 and S mRNA, and down regulate IL-1α and CCL-5/RANTES at 10, 5, and 2.5 g•L-1 doses.Further, at doses of 20, 10 and 5 g•L-1, it could inhibit the proliferation of three common coronaviruses and suppress the overexpression of IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, CXCL-10/IP-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, CCL-2/MCP-1, MIG and CCL-5/RANTES induced by OC43/229E infection.The inhibitory effects were dose-dependent.Conclusions The prescription 4-1 has antiviral and anti-inflammation effects against multiple coronaviruses.This study provides the research basis for the treatment of common respiratory viral infections and emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 by using traditional Chinese medicine.
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This Radix study cum aims Melle to explore(HRPM)the on efficacy spleen differences deficiency between syndrome.modeling Astragali A Radix of Praeparata110cum rats Melle were(ARPM)randomized fatigue),and into rats Hedysari a Praeparata(n qi total irregular HRPM male diet,SD diarrhea,control were(n Yiqi=10)the=100).Pill group fied and model a modeling group,group Buzhong After(BYP)(through ARPM and the HRPM-H),classimedium-dose into(ARPM-M raised group,and high-dose(ARPM-H each and Rats BYP and under HRPM-M),normal and low-dose and(ARPM-L in and group HRPM-L)were groups,continuously10rats induced.were in group.the in group the were18.9,control given group were g·kg~(-1)conditions while those the the model Rats respectively in18.912.6,BYP kg~(-1)water extract,decoction those in ARPM/HRPM-H,the-M,dosage lasted and of-L groups treated the with control and model6.3group g·rewere motilin determined m L·kg~(-1)·day~(-1).days.of dose Spleen ARPM/HRPM of in water.morning,The at the10Rats spleen in index group thymus and index ceived equal calculated.(MTL),distilled tissue administration to15observe Then the and Routine of each group D-xylose,were was(IL-2),the subjected HE stainingγ(IFN-γ),lower to the pathological changes.(IgA),blood gastric indexes,mucosa index,interleukin-2group.interferon group immunoglobulin of A and spleen pepsin index,of in Ig A,IL-2spleen IFN-γ,control each MTL,levels Rats pepsin the in model(P<0.01),had higher levels routine(P<0.01),blood and indexes,more thymus lesions D-xylose,the and in index,level decreased HRPM-L of IL-2severe compared spleen with than the those model in group.thymus group.that(P<0.05group,P<0.01)index administration thymus groups Ig A or spleen as that and in spleen routine Except index,spleen the Ig A,index,group and were in in ARPM-M model group,group,index,indexes,P<0.01)and thymus MTL index,those in ARPM-L insignificantly Ig A,different pepsin from other those in the the blood index,compared IFN-γ,group,(P<0.05The D-xylose,model MTL,spleen and lesions high-dose in each administration administration groups group increased relieved.blood or comparison as of with HRPM in as the folARPM and the effect in and were white and result than ARPM and is of lows:(P stronger<0.05),of medium-dose high-dose HRPM HRPM on IL-2cell high-dose of(WBC)and count medium-dose the HRPM and corresponding doses than IFN-γmore ARPM the obvious effect(P<0.05of on evident(P<0.05of impact P<0.01),on low-dose between the on corresponD-xylose P<0.01),doses ding MTL doses than Meanwhile,in of or more high-dose,and medium-dose,difference HRPM the and indexes.corresponding there of ARPM in or IL-2no levels in the HRPM-L effect and two groups,on but conclusion,other the both functions IFN-γwas group no was difference more the than recovery that of the and ARPM-H between(IL-2,P<0.01;ARPM-L recovery HRPM the IFN-γ,P<0.05).HRPM-H and obvious therapeutic in rats group qi In ARPM dose have are certain equivalent,effects on with spleen function deficiency.the Specifically,is the better difference immunomodulatory of two at g·low kg~(-1).and but the promote immunomodulatory the of former rats significantly ARPM.than that between of the later two at in the dose>18.9HRPM promotion can of better digestion digestion absorption and may absorption due of than The immunoregulation and be to the difference in clinical medication.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Astragalus Plant , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Plant Roots , SpleenABSTRACT
Ginseng has been used to treat Qi-deficiency syndrome up to now, while the therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. In order to explore the mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of Qi-deficiency constitution, the untargeted metabonomics with blood was studied based on rapid resolution high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(RRLC-Q-TOF-MS). In the results, 13 potential biomarkers were found and identified, which mainly involved in the body's antioxidant and immune functions and energy, glycerol, fatty acid, sugar metabolism and bile acid metabolism. The results of blood biochemical analysis also indicated that ginseng could regulate the body's energy metabolism, immune functions and antioxidant capacity in spleen-Qi deficiency constitution. This study revealed the mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of spleen-Qi deficiency using the blood metabonomics, which could provide technological support and scientific basis for further research on ginseng treatment of Qi-deficiency.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antioxidants , Biomarkers/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Energy Metabolism , Immune System , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Metabolomics , Panax/chemistry , Qi , SpleenABSTRACT
Objective::To observe the effect of Bimin decoction(BMD) on nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway and aquaporin 5(AQP5) expression in allergic rhinitis (AR) rats with lung and spleen Qi deficiency syndrome(LSQDS), in order to study the mechanism in treating AR. Method::Fifty-six SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, AR group, LSQDS AR group, BMD low dose two weeks group and four weeks group, BMD high dose two weeks group and four weeks group. The control group did not intervened, the AR group established the AR disease model with ovalbumin (OVA) as the allergen, the other five groups established the LSDQS model with smoke and senna gavage, and also established the AR disease model with OVA sensitization at the same time as the AR group. After the model was established successfully, four BMD intervention groups were separately given low dose BMD (11.3 g·kg-1) for 2 weeks and 4 weeks, and high dose BMD (22.6 g·kg-1) for 2 weeks and 4 weeks. To observe the general situation of the rats, hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the nasal mucosa, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of NF-κB and AQP5, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique (Real-time PCR)was used to detect mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6). Result::The typical AR symptoms were found in AR rats, the AR symptoms and lung and spleen Qi deficiency symptoms were found in AR rats with LSQDS at the same time, and the AR symptoms and lung and spleen Qi deficiency symptoms were significantly improved after the intervention of BMD. Compared with the control group, the typical histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were found in AR group and LSQDS AR group, with a higher behavioral score (P<0.05), and the expression of NF-κB and AQP5 protein increased (P<0.05), the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and AQP5 mRNA increased (P<0.05). Compared with AR group, the pathological changes of nasal mucosa in LSQDS AR group were more serious, and the expression of NF-κB protein in nucleus increased (P<0.05), the expression of TNF-α and AQP5 mRNA increased (P<0.05). Compared with LSQDS AR group, the pathological changes of nasal mucosa in the groups which interfered by BMD were improved, and the expression of NF-κB and AQP5 protein decreased (P<0.05), the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and AQP5 mRNA decreased (P<0.05). Compared with BMD low-dose two-week group, the expression of NF-κB protein in nucleus decreased (P<0.05) in BMD high dose four week group. Conclusion::Compared with AR group, the AR condition of the rats with LSQDS is more serious under the same allergen stimulation, BMD can treat AR and reduce the over secretion of glands, which may be related to inhibit the expression of AQP5 by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Objective:The effects of Atractylodes lancea， A. coreana， A. japonica， A. chinensis and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma on spleen-Qi deficiency rats were compared. Method:A model of spleen-Qi deficiency was induced in rats by diet and overwork.The rats are given different suspensions of A.japonica， A.chinesis， A.coreana， A.lancea and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma To test the indicators of the digestive system， immune system and antioxidant enzyme system related to spleen deficiency.Compare the similarities and differences between Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma from four different sources. Result:All the drug-administered groups can increase the levels of γ interferon （IFN-γ）， gastric secrete element（GAS），serum amylase （AMS） and catalase（CAT） in rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome，in addition to the CAT index， the other indicators of the A. coreana， A.japonica， and A.lancea were significantly increased（P<0.05）. The MTL content of the A.chinesis， A.lancea， A.coreana and A.japonica increased and was significant（P<0.05）. The SDH content of A.japonica.and A.chinesis increased， and the difference was not significant.The increase of GSH-Px in the A.chinesis is significant（P<0.05）. All the drug-administered groups can reduce the content of IgG， TNF-α and MDA in rats with spleen deficiency and deficiency syndrome. Among them， the IgG content of the A.chinesis. and the A.lancea was significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The content of TNF-α in A.japonica group was significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The content of MDA in the A.chinesis， the A.lancea， the A.coreana，the A.japonica and the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.The decrease of IL-6 in the A.lancea was significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Four different sources of Atractylodes Rhizome and A.macrocephala have certain therapeutic effects on spleen-deficiency rats with deficiency syndrome.The therapeutic effect of A.lancea and A.japonica is basically the same，regulating the absorption，secretion and elimination of inflammation in the digestive system of rats with spleen deficiency A.coreana， A.chinesis， and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma have certain regulatory effects in the digestive system， digestive tract inflammation， and antioxidant enzymes.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST36) on the ultrastructure and mitochondrial dynamics of skeletal muscle tissue in spleen qi deficiency rats, so as to explore the partial action mechanism of EA at ST36 for spleen deficiency syndrome. METHODS: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, model group, ST36 group and non-acupoint group (n＝6 in each group). The model of spleen qi deficiency syndrome was established by improper diet and exhaustive swimming. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.5 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36 in the ST36 group and non-acupoint in the non-acupoint group for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. The colorimetric method was used to detect the ATP content in skeletal muscle tissue. The ultrastructure changes of skeletal muscle tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mRNA and proteins in the skeletal muscle tissue were determined by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: The ATP content in skeletal muscle tissue of model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P<0.05), while significantly higher in the ST36 group than that in the model group and non-acupoint group (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed that a large number of muscle fibers that were ruptured, damaged, and disorganized; moreover, many vacuoles with different sizes, and abnormally shaped or swollen mitochondria were observed in the model group. ST36 treatment improved the disor-dered fiber arrangement, and reduced the population of damaged mitochondria; thus, fused and elongated mitochondria were readily observed. Compared with the model group, there were no obvious improvements in the non-acupoint group. Compared with the normal group, the expression levels of Opa1 and Drp1 mRNAs and proteins in the skeletal muscle tissue were significantly lower in the model group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the expression levels of Opa1 and Drp1 mRNAs and proteins were up-regulated in the ST36 group (P<0.05), and the expression of Drp1 protein was up-regulated in the non-acupoint group (P<0.05)．. CONCLUSION: EA at ST36 can correct the imbalance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in skeletal muscle of rats with spleen qi deficiency, thereby improving the damage of mitochondrial structure and function, and leading to an increase of energy metabolism.
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Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is a Chinese classical formula to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS) and has been widely used for thousands of years. However, the quality control (QC) standards of SJZD are insufficient. Chinmedomics has been designed to discover and verify bioactive compounds of a variety of formula rapidly. In this study, we used Chinmedomics to evaluate the SJZD's efficacy against SQDS to discover the potential quality-markers (q-markers) for QC. A total of 56 compounds in SJZD were characterized in vitro, and 23 compounds were discovered in vivo. A total of 58 biomarkers were related to SQDS, and SJZD can adjust a large proportion of marker metabolites to normal level and then regulate the metabolic profile to the health status. A total of 10 constituents were absorbed as effective ingredients that were associated with overall efficacy. We preliminarily determined malonyl-ginsenoside Rb2 and ginsenoside Ro as the q-markers of ginseng; dehydrotumulosic acid and dihydroxy lanostene-triene-21-acid as the q-markers of poria; glycyrrhizic acid, isoglabrolide, and glycyrrhetnic acid as the q-markers of licorice; and 2-atractylenolide as the q-marker of macrocephala. According to the discovery of the SJZD q-markers, we can establish the quality standard that is related to efficacy.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of massage combined with microwave therapy in treating Children's bronchial pneumonia with syndrome of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi. Methods Two hundred forty-four bronchial pneumonia Children were selected in our hospital and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 122 cases in each group referring to random number table. The control group was administered with the routine treatment. Based on the control group, the observation group received the massage and microwave therapy. The course was 2 week for both groups. The syndrome scores of traditional Chinese medicine were performed before and after treatment, and the disappearance of gasping, antipyretic, disappearance of moist rale in the lungs, and absorption time of chest X-ray were observed and recorded. the flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood levels of CD4+ and CD8+, and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The clinical effect rate was evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 97.5% (118/121) in the observation group and 91.7% (110/120) in the control group,with statistically significant differences (χ2=4.406, P=0.044). After treatment, the scores of cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, pale face, fatigue, spontaneous perspiration, poor appetite in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t value were 10.008, 11.529, 11.778, 12.043, 11.309, 10.128, 11.008,P<0.01), and elapsed time of gasping, antifebrile time, disappear time of lung moist crackles, absorption time were significantly earlier than the control group (t value were 15.121, 10.099, 18.441, 14.310, P<0.01). After 2 week’ treatment, the scores of symptoms of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi in the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the duration of wheezing and antipyretic, duration of lung dampness and chest X-ray absorption in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.52%, which was significantly higher than the control group 92.67% (P<0.05). After 2 week treatment, the CD4+(41.03% ± 4.55% vs. 33.52% ± 3.95%, t=14.011) in the observation group was significantly higher, CD8+ (22.71% ± 2.83% vs. 26.65% ± 3.05%, t=10.061) was significantly lower than the control group, serum levels of IL-6 (28.13 ± 3.63 ng/L vs. 40.09 ± 4.61 ng/L, t=14.890) and IL-8 (21.41 ± 2.75 ng/L vs. 29.05 ± 3.61 ng/L, t=11.439) were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Massage combined with microwave therapy for the Children's bronchial pneumonia with deficiency of lung-spleen Qi syndrome can promote the improvement of symptoms, enhance the efficacy, increase the immune function and reduce inflammation level.
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Objective: To compare the effects of Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle in Buzhong Yiqi and its chemical composition, and preliminarily reveal the mechanism of Hedysari Radix processed with honey. Methods: A rat model of spleen qideficiency was established. The rats were treated with different doses of water extracts of Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle and the content of serum D-xylose, GAS, IL-2, TNF-α were used as indicators to study the differences in the efficacy of Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle in Buzhong Yiqi. Based on HPLC techniques, the different components in methanol extract of Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle were analyzed. Results: Compared with the blank group, the serum xylose, gastrin content in the model group were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group, except for the low dose group of Hedysari Radix, the serum xylose, and gastrin content of the rats in each administration group were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the results in the middle dose group of Hedysari Radix were significantly higher than those in the middle dose group of Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the blank group, the serum IL-2 and TNF-α levels in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the serum IL-2 and TNF-α levels in the rats in each drug group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); Compared with the medium dose group of Hedysari Radix, the serum IL-2 and TNF-α levels in the medium dose group of honey-processing Hedysari Radix were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There were differences in the chromatographic peaks in the fingerprints of Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle. Conclusion: Both Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle can significantly intervene and improve the syndrome of spleen qi deficiency in rats and the pharmacodynamics effect of Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle is better than that of Hedysari Radix. There are differences in the components of Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle and these differences may be the active substances that cause differences in the efficacy.
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Reducing glycemic excursion is of great importance to the successful practice for diabetes intervention and complication prevention. This is also an advantage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of diabetes. More and more studies have shown that the dysfunction of islet microcirculation is the key pathological link for glycemic excursion caused by decrease of islet function. The over-activation of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in islet microcirculation is a key ring to the islet decompensation, intimately related to the functionality of islet endocrine cells, and has gradually become the focus in the study of islet functionality. In TCM, it is believed that glycemic excursion in diabetes mellitus is closely related to the incapability of "spleen Qi to dispersing essence". If spleen fails to disperse essence, the essence will be accumulated in the body and become harmful stuffs. The stuffs further break the blood glucose homeostasis, acting as the key pathogenesis of diabetes. By supplementing the "spleen" Qi and promoting the dispersion of nutrient substance (hormone) in "pancreas", the balance between sugar-regulated hormones can be restored and therefore glycemic excursion can be reduced. However, the regulation mechanism of "spleen Qi to dispersing essence" on glycemic excursion remains unclear at present. Based on the previous clinical and scientific work, the following ideas were proposed by the authors:the effects of "spleen Qi to dispersing essence" on the improvement of islet function and the regulation of glycemic excursion may be achieved by promoting islet microcirculation, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation status of local RAS in islet microcirculation. It is important to note that the mutual antagonistic relationship between the signal pathways of RAS in islet microcirculation is similar to the antagonistic relationship between "spleen Qi to dispersing essence" and spermatozoa in TCM. Thus, the mechanism of "spleen Qi to dispersing essence" on the regulation mechanism of blood glucose fluctuations needs to be further explored from the perspective of the overall regulation of RAS in islet microcirculation, so as to reveal the scientific connotation of TCM on regulating the body's environmental homeostasis and reducing glycemic excursion in diabetic patients.
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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy of massage combined with microwave therapy in treating Children's bronchial pneumonia with syndrome of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi.@*Methods@#Two hundred forty-four bronchial pneumonia Children were selected in our hospital and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 122 cases in each group referring to random number table. The control group was administered with the routine treatment. Based on the control group, the observation group received the massage and microwave therapy. The course was 2 week for both groups. The syndrome scores of traditional Chinese medicine were performed before and after treatment, and the disappearance of gasping, antipyretic, disappearance of moist rale in the lungs, and absorption time of chest X-ray were observed and recorded. the flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood levels of CD4+ and CD8+, and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The clinical effect rate was evaluated.@*Results@#The total effective rate was 97.5% (118/121) in the observation group and 91.7% (110/120) in the control group,with statistically significant differences (χ2=4.406, P=0.044). After treatment, the scores of cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, pale face, fatigue, spontaneous perspiration, poor appetite in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t value were 10.008, 11.529, 11.778, 12.043, 11.309, 10.128, 11.008, P<0.01), and elapsed time of gasping, antifebrile time, disappear time of lung moist crackles, absorption time were significantly earlier than the control group (t value were 15.121, 10.099, 18.441, 14.310, P<0.01). After 2 week’ treatment, the scores of symptoms of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi in the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the duration of wheezing and antipyretic, duration of lung dampness and chest X-ray absorption in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.52%, which was significantly higher than the control group 92.67% (P<0.05). After 2 week treatment, the CD4+ (41.03% ± 4.55% vs. 33.52% ± 3.95%, t=14.011) in the observation group was significantly higher, CD8+ (22.71% ± 2.83% vs. 26.65% ± 3.05%, t=10.061) was significantly lower than the control group, serum levels of IL-6 (28.13 ± 3.63 ng/L vs. 40.09 ± 4.61 ng/L, t=14.890) and IL-8 (21.41 ± 2.75 ng/L vs. 29.05 ± 3.61 ng/L, t=11.439) were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Massage combined with microwave therapy for the Children's bronchial pneumonia with deficiency of lung-spleen Qi syndrome can promote the improvement of symptoms, enhance the efficacy, increase the immune function and reduce inflammation level.
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Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of pediatric tuina plus Chinese patent medicine for preschool kids with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency. Methods:Ninety-two eligible kids were divided into a tuina plus Chinese patent medicine and a Chinese patent medicine group by the random number table, with 46 cases in each group. The Chinese patent medicine group was intervened by oral administration of Qi Wei Bai Zhu San (Seven-ingredientAtractylodes MacrocephalaPowder); the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group was additionally given pediatric tuina therapy once a day, 20 min each time. Efficacy and safety were evaluated after 7-day treatment in both groups, and a 14-day follow-up was conducted. Results:After treatment, the symptom scores all changed significantly in the two groups (allP<0.05). After intervention, the symptom scores in the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group were significantly different from those in the Chinese patent medicine group (allP<0.05). The total effective rate was 78.3％ in the Chinese patent medicine group, versus 89.1％ in the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Three cases got a relapse in the Chinese patent medicine group, versus one case in the tuina plus Chinese patent medicine group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The two groups each had one case of vomiting, which were treated properly and turned better. No other adverse reactions occurred. Conclusion: Tuina plus Chinese patent medicine and Chinese patent medicine alone both are effective for diarrhea due to spleen deficiencyin kids, but the combined therapy can produce more significant efficacy.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with Buzhong Decoction in the treatment of depression for spleen qi stagnation type gastroptosis. Methods From November 2015 to October 2017 due to ptosis of the stomach (spleen qi stagnation type) and on the basis of study, 60 patients in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups. 30 cases of control group was given Buzhongyiqi pill treatment and the observation group of 30 cases was given acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with Buzhong Decoction for depression. Results After treatment, the observation group's lassitude, anorexia, abdominal distension and symptom score lower than the control group; total efficiency of observation group was 93. 33％ higher than that of the control group (28/30), 70％ (21/30). The difference was obvious, P＜0. 05. Conclusion Buzhong Decoction in treating gastroptosis for depression with catgut embedding(spleen qi stagnation type) has significant effects, which can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and is worthy of promotion.
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Objective To investigate the effect of a decoction to nourish qi and invigorate the spleen on mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complex activity in cardiomyocytes of rats with spleen qi deficiency syndrome. Methods Rats were randomly divided into normal,model,and treatment groups. The model and treatment groups were treated by diet intervention combined with the limit swim method. The general condition and spleen qi deficiency syndrome were assessed on day 15. After the success of the model,the normal and model groups were treated with a con?ventional feeding method combined with normal saline ,and the treatment group was treated by diet intervention combined with a decoction to nour?ish qi and invigorate the spleen for 9 weeks. The activity of two mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes was observed. Results The ac?tivity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexⅡand complexⅣin the model group was significantly lower than the activity in the nor?mal and treatment groups(P<0.05). The activity levels of complexⅡand complexⅣwere significantly different between the model group and the treatment group(P<0.05). Conclusion Spleen qi deficiency can cause decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme com?plexes in myocardial cells. The decoction to nourish qi and invigorate the spleen can modulate the activity of myocardial mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexesⅡandⅣ.
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Aim To establish the rat model of Spleen-Qi deficiency, analyse the metabolic pathways and investigate the connection between the changed urinary metabolites and Spleen-Qi deficiency, in order to explore the potential mechanisms of Spleen-Qi deficiency.Methods With the binding methods of diarrhea induced by bitter and cold, abnormal of starvation and excessive tiredness, the rat Spleen-Qi deficiency model was established.Then the activity of creatine phosphokinase(CPK) was detected.The endogenous metabolites in the urine were detected by NMR, and the data were analyzed with multivariate and statistical methods.Then the metabolites were selected that could be clearly distinct in the two groups with the fold change value(>1.2) and the P<0.05 of Student′s t-test.Both the pathway analysis and enrichment analysis were performed with Metabo Analyst 3.0.Results Compared with the normal rats, the activity of CPK decreased significantly in model rats(P<0.05).A significant separation appeared in the principal components analysis(PCA) score plot when the control group and the model group were compared, indicating that the Spleen-Qi deficiency model was successfully duplicated.The 33 differential metabolites, which mainly involved in the metabolic pathways, were distinguished from the comparision of Spleen-Qi deficiency model group and control group.The metabolic pathways was related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and disturbance of gut microbes.Conclusions The main energy metabolic pathways (tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis and liquid oxidation) may be disturbed in Spleen-Qi deficiency rats.The energy supply function is suppressed, which leads to the fatigue and weight loss in rats.