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1.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 28(1): 8-12, 20220000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1392203

ABSTRACT

Durante los últimos años, la cirugía endoscópica transesfenoidal se ha convertido en el procedimiento quirúrgico de elección para el tratamiento de tumores hipofisarios. La técnica de abordaje actual es el resultado de una evolución histórica de vía por craneotomía a vía endonasal con ingreso a través del seno esfenoidal. Aunque la cirugía de tumores hipofisarios vía transesfenoidal endoscópica ha permitido disminuir las complicaciones graves asociadas a los abordajes externos, no está exenta de complicaciones, como la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo. A nivel del abordaje nasal, hay escasas descripciones de complicaciones y el compromiso del cartílago septal con deformidad en silla de montar no es una complicación documentada. Se presenta un caso de rinodeformidad en silla de montar poscirugía transesfenoidal de hipófisis en una paciente de 32 años a quien se le practicó una reconstrucción nasal con cartílago costal autólogo. En nuestra búsqueda bibliográfica es el primer caso registrado en Iberolatinoamérica


In recent years, transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery has become the surgical procedure of choice for the treatment of pituitary tumors. The current approach technique is the result of an historical evolution from craniotomy surgery to an endonasal procedure with entry through the sphenoid sinus. Although endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery has made it possible to reduce serious complications associated with external approaches, it is not without complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid fistula. At the level of the nasal approach, there are few descriptions of complications and involvement of the septal cartilage with saddle deformity is not a documented complication. We present a case of saddle rhinodeformity after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in a 32-year-old patient who underwent nasal reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage. In our bibliographic search, it is the first case registered in IberoLatin America.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pituitary Diseases/complications , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Transplantation, Autologous , Nose/surgery , Nose Neoplasms/therapy , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Costal Cartilage/transplantation
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(6): 1069-1072, ago. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365105

ABSTRACT

Resumen El quiste de la bolsa de Rathke (QBR) es una entidad benigna de crecimiento lento que proviene del remanente del ectodermo primitivo. Presenta un origen común con los adenomas hipofisarios (AH), sin embargo, la presentación sincrónica de un AH y un QBR es infrecuente. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 41 años con enfermedad de Cushing. Se realizó resonancia magnética con el hallazgo de dos lesiones en región selar. Se hizo un abordaje transnasal endoscópico, con exéresis completa de ambas. El informe de anatomía patológica reveló un AH corticotropo y un QBR. Tuvo una remisión clínica analítica endocrinológica a los seis meses postquirúrgicos. Ante el hallazgo de una imagen quística a nivel selar concomitante con un adenoma hipofisario, debe ser considerada la posibilidad diagnóstica de un QBR.


Abstract Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) are a slow-growing, benign, cystic lesions that arises from the remnants of the primitive ectoderm and Rathke's pouch. They present a common origin with pituitary adenomas (PA), however, the concomitant presentation of a PA and a RCC rarely occur. We present a case of a 41-year-old female with Cushing's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed two synchronic lesions in the sellar region. An endoscopic transnasal approach was performed, with complete excision of both. The histological studies revealed an ACTH secreting PA and a RCC. The patient presented clinical and endocrinological remission six months after surgery. With the presence of cystic lesion at the sellar region, and the concomitant finding of a pituitary adenoma, RCC should be considered.

3.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 34(2): 140-144, jun. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1123385

ABSTRACT

El glioma del nervio óptico es una entidad de muy baja incidencia en pacientes adultos, lo cual impide tener suficiente información sobre historia natural y conducta terapéutica en este grupo etario. En el presente artículo comunicamos el caso de un paciente de 27 años de edad con compromiso agudo del nervio óptico izquierdo debido a hemorragia intra tumoral, forma de presentación muy poco común en este tipo de tumores. Se realizó la resección mediante un abordaje endoscópico transesfenoidal extendido, con preservación funcional de la vía óptica contralateral. La anatomía patológica confirmó astrocitoma pilocítico positivo para el rearreglo KIAA 1549-BRAF. y negativo para la mutación BRAF V600E. Teniendo en cuenta la histopatología y biología molecular en este caso, la estabilidad visual contralateral y la resección quirúrgica amplia, se decidió no realizar tratamiento adyuvante con radioterapia o quimioterapia. El objetivo de esta conducta fue evitar lesiones adicionales sobre el quiasma, nervio óptico contralateral y/o hipotálamo. Dada la escasa información existente en la literatura médica, el reporte de este caso podría contribuir con información adicional en el manejo y conducta terapéutica de este tipo de lesiones.


The optic nerve glioma is a very uncommon entity in adult patients, with little information about its natural history and therapeutical management. We report the case of a 27-year-old patient with acute involvement of the left optic nerve due to intratumoral hemorrhage, a very uncommon form of presentation in this type of tumor. Resection was performed using an extended transsphenoidal endoscopic approach, with functional preservation of the contralateral optic pathway. The histopathology confirmed positive pilocytic astrocytoma with KIAA 1549-BRAF rearrangement and without BRAF V600E mutation. Considering the histopathology and molecular biology, the contralateral visual stability and the wide surgical resection, it was decided not to perform further treatment. The purpose of this decision was to avoid additional damage to the chiasm, contralateral optic nerve and/or hypothalamus. Given the limited data available in medical literature, the report of this case could contribute with additional information on the management and therapeutic approach of this type of tumors


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Optic Nerve Glioma , Optic Nerve , Endoscopy , Hemorrhage
4.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 34(1): 15-35, mar. 2020. ilus, grafs
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1151244

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los tumores de hipófisis representan aproximadamente un 10% de los tumores intracraneales. Los adenomas hipofisarios son ampliamente la lesión selar más frecuente. Es fundamental que se conformen equipos capaces de tratar holísticamente esta patología en las distintas regiones de nuestro vasto territorio. El propósito del presente trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia en el manejo quirúrgico de los adenomas hipofisarios en el Noroeste Argentino. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados por adenomas selares, desde enero de 2013 hasta abril de 2019, en la provincia de Tucumán, por el autor Senior. Resultados: Se analizaron 211 pacientes operados de adenomas pituitarios. En el 75% (n=158) las resecciones fueron totales y en el 25% (n=53) fueron resecciones subtotales. De los 88 pacientes con macroadenomas no funcionantes y déficit visual, el 94% (n=83) presentó mejoría visual en el postoperatorio. De los 52 pacientes con acromegalia, un 75% (n=39) presentó remisión bioquímica completa postquirúrgica. De los 26 pacientes con enfermedad de Cushing, un 81% (n=21) presentó remisión bioquímica completa postquirúrgica. De los 21 pacientes con prolactinomas, un 71% (n=15) normalizaron los niveles de prolactina en el postoperatorio. Conclusión: Los resultados en el tratamiento quirúrgico de los adenomas hipofisarios de la presente serie son comparables a los reportados por centros especializados internacionales. Debemos formar equipos capaces de tratar esta patología en las distintas regiones de la Argentina.


Background: Pituitary tumors account for 10% of intracranial tumors. Pituitary adenomas are the most common selar lesion. It is essential that teams be formed capable of treating this pathology holistically in the different regions of our vast territory. The purpose of this article is to present our experience in the surgical management of pituitary adenomas in the Northwest of Argentine. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was done studding patients operated from pituitary adenomas, from January 2013 to April 2019, in Tucumán, by the Senior Author. Results: We analyzed 211 patients operated from pituitary adenomas, of which 75% (n=158) had gross total resections and 25% (n=53) had subtotal resections. Of the 88 patients with non-functioning macroadenomas and visual deficit, 94% (n=83) presented visual improvement after surgery. Of the 52 patients with acromegaly, 75% (n=39) presented complete biochemical remission after surgery. Of the 26 patients with Cushing's disease, 81% (n=21) presented complete biochemical remission after surgery. Of the 21 patients with prolactinomas, 71% (n=15) normalized prolactin levels after surgery. Conclusion: Our results in the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas are comparable to those reported by international specialized centers. We must form teams capable of treating this pathology in the different regions of Argentina


Subject(s)
Adenoma , Pituitary Gland , Pituitary Neoplasms , Skull , Neuroendocrinology
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1413-1422, Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975717

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sphenoidal sinus septation in a select South African population, and document the relation of the number and location of the septa to the structures intimately related to the sinus. The intersinus and intrasinus septa of the sinus, the number and attachments of the septa were recorded from forty five cadaveric head specimens. The sphenoidal sinus intersinus septa were recorded as follows: Type 0 (absent septum) in 7.5 %, Type 1 (single septum) in 65 % and Type 2 (double septa) in 22.5 % of cases. The incidence of intersinus septa deviating to the left was prevalent; hence, the right sphenoidal sinus was dominant. The occurrence of intrasinus septa was observed in 93.3 % of cases, with a higher prevalence in males. The intrasinus septa formed cave like chambers on the sinus walls in 65.6 % cases. Incidences of the intersinus septa attaching to sella turcica (ST) (46.25 %) were prevalent compared to cases where they attached to the internal carotid artery (ICA) (6.25 %), maxillary (MN) (1.25 %) and vidian (VN) (1.25 %) nerves. However, the intrasinus septa attached more to the ICA (52.63 %) compared to their attachment to the other neurovascular structures (ST - 26.32 %; MN - 5.36 % and VN - 2.63 %). Surgeons need to be aware of the complex anatomical variations of the sphenoidal sinus septation when performing endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries.


El propósito de este estudio fue investigar la septación del seno esfenoidal en una población sudafricana y documentar la relación del número y la ubicación de los septos en relación a las estructuras íntimamente relacionadas con el seno. Los septos interseno e intraseno del seno, el número y las uniones de los septos se registraron a partir de cuarenta y cinco cadáveres. El septo interseno del seno esfenoidal se registró de la siguiente manera: Tipo 0 (tabique/septo ausente) en el 7,5 %, Tipo 1 (tabique/septo único) en el 65 % y Tipo 2 (tabiques/septos dobles) en el 22,5 % de los casos. La incidencia de septos intersenos desviados hacia la izquierda fue prevalente. Por lo tanto, el seno esfenoidal derecho fue dominante. La ocurrencia de septo intraseno se observó en el 93,3 % de los casos, con una mayor prevalencia en varones. Los septos intrasenos formaron cámaras, como cuevas, en las paredes del seno en un 65,6 % de los casos. La incidencia de septos intersenos que se adhieren a la silla turca (ST) (46,25 %) fueron prevalentes en comparación con los casos en que se unieron a la arteria carótida interna (ACI) (6,25 %), al nervio maxilar (NM) (1,25 %) y nervio vidiano (NV) (1.25%). Sin embargo, los septos intersenos se adhirieron más a la ACI (52,63 %) en comparación con su unión a otras estructuras neurovasculares (ST - 26,32 %; NM -5,36 % y NV - 2,63 %). Los cirujanos deben ser conscientes de las complejas variaciones anatómicas de la tabicación del seno esfenoidal cuando se realizan cirugías transesfenoideas endonasales endoscópicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
6.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 32(4): 189-199, dic. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1222513

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Aportar valores teóricos promedio de referencias anatómicas en tomografía computada con el fin de optimizar los abordajes transesfenoidales a la base de cráneo. Materiales y Métodos: Se desarrolló un diseño descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal y observacional de cien estudios de tomografía computada de macizo facial y base de cráneo. Mediante planillas de registro diseñadas ad Hoc, se confeccionó la base de datos considerando: sexo, edad, línea media, posición del rostrum esfenoidal y de la silla turca, posición de los ostium esfenoidales, presencia de las paredes óseas del seno esfenoidal, distancia entre las arterias carótidas internas y los nervios ópticos, neumatización de los recesos óptico-carotídeos, neumatización del seno esfenoidal, dimensiones del seno esfenoidal, número de tabiques intra-seno esfenoidal y su sitio de inserción posterior. Resultados: El rostrum esfenoidal es el mejor reparo de línea media para los abordajes transesfenoidales a la región selar. Los tabiques internos no deben considerarse como reparos de línea media seguros. Los ostium esfenoidales se localizan laterales a la línea media y conforman un sitio seguro para iniciar la apertura de la pared anterior del seno esfenoidal. Las paredes óseas laterales del seno esfenoidal no siempre están presentes a nivel de las prominencias carotídeas y ópticas. El canal de trabajo para abordar la silla turca está determinado por la distancia entre ambas arterias carótidas internas, siendo en promedio de 11,24 mm. Conclusión: La tomografía computada permite obtener un conocimiento de la anatomía del seno esfenoidal preciso para la planificación de un abordaje transesfenoidal a la silla turca o extendida a la base de cráneo.


Objective: To provide average theoretical values for anatomic references in computed tomography (CT) images and, thereby, improve the transsphenoidal approach to the skull base. Methods and Materials: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted of 100 CT evaluations of facial bones and the skull base. A database was created using ad hoc registration forms, entering data on patient gender and age, midline, position of the sphenoid rostrum, position of the sella, position of the sphenoid ostium, presence of the bony walls of the sphenoid sinus relative to the carotid and optic prominences, distance from the internal carotid arteries, distance between the optic nerves, pneumatization of the optic-carotid recesses, pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, dimensions of the sphenoid sinus, and the number and posterior insertion sites of sphenoid septa. Results: The sphenoid rostrum was found to be the best midline reference for transsphenoidal approaches to the sellar region. Internal septa should not be considered safe midline references. The sphenoid ostium are located laterally to the midline, and are a safe site at which to initiate the opening of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus in the mid-caudal direction. The lateral bony walls of the sphenoid sinus are not always present at the carotid and optic prominence levels. The working channel to approach the sella is determined by the distance between the internal carotid arteries, the average distance being 11.24 mm. Conclusions: Computed tomography reveals the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and sellar region and, thus, facilitates the trans-sphenoidal approach to the skull base.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull Base , Skull , Sphenoid Sinus , Tomography , Anatomy
7.
INSPILIP ; 2(1): 1-14, ene.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-987257

ABSTRACT

Los adenomas hipofisarios son tumores cerebrales benignos considerados como el tercer grupo de lesiones intracraneales en frecuencia tras los meningiomas y los gliomas. El tratamiento de esta patología puede ser clínico o quirúrgico, dependiendo del tipo de tumor. El tratamiento quirúrgico puede ser realizado por dos vías: transcraneal o transesfenoidal, la misma que puede ser por abordaje sublabial, transeptal o transnasal con uso de microscopio o endoscopio. Los resultados posquirúrgicos son objetivables a través de la revisión de historias clínicas para valorar sintomatología, niveles hormonales prequirúrgicos y posquirúrgicos, complicaciones para evidenciar los resultados de esta técnica. Objetivos: Determinar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico por vía transesfenoidal utilizando abordaje transnasal endoscópico y transeptal microscópico en pacientes con adenomas hipofisarios. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional, en el que se analizan 25 pacientes, que fueron hospitalizados para intervención neuroquirúrgica en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2014 a junio 2016 del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Resultados: Se analizaron 25 pacientes que fueron intervenidos por adenoma hipofisario por vía transesfenoidal, de los cuales 14 fueron mujeres y 11 varones. El rango de edad estuvo comprendido entre 13 y 79 años, con una media de 50 años. Según la clasificación por su tamaño, 3 pacientes presentaron microadenoma y 22 macroadenoma; 7 pacientes con adenoma hipofisario funcionante y 18 pacientes con adenoma hipofisario no funcionante. El 60 % de pacientes tuvo mejoría en la visión. En los adenomas hipofisarios funcionantes los niveles hormonales disminuyeron en 6 pacientes y en 1 paciente incrementó. Las complicaciones posquirúrgicas se presentaron en 6 pacientes, que representan un 24 % de pacientes; 2 presentaron fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo, 2 pacientes empeoraron su sintomatología visual, 1 paciente desarrolló diabetes insípida y 1 paciente falleció en el posquirúrgico mediato. Conclusiones: El procedimiento transesfenoidal sea transeptal micróscopica o transnasal endoscópica son abordajes eficaces para el tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes con adenoma hipofisario.


Pituitary adenomas are benign brain tumors considered the third group of intracranial lesions in frequency after meningiomas and gliomas. The treatment of this pathology may be clinical or surgical depending on the type of tumor. Surgical treatment can be performed by 2-way transcranial or transsphenoidal, which can be by sublabial, transseptal or transnasal approach using a microscope or endoscope. The postoperative results are objectivable through the review of clinical histories to evaluate symptoms, pre-surgical and postsurgical hormone levels, complications to evidence the results of this technique. Objectives: To determine the results of transsphenoidal surgical treatment using transnasal endoscopic and microscopic transeptal approach in patients with pituitary adenomas. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, observational study in which 25 patients were analyzed, who were hospitalized for neurosurgical intervention in the period between 2014 and June 2016 of the Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Results: We analyzed 25 patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma, 14 of whom were women and 11 men. The age range was between 13 and 79 years, with an average of 50 years. According to the classification by their size 3 patients presented microadenoma and 22 macroadenoma; 7 patients with functioning pituitary adenoma and 18 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Sixty percent of patients had improvement in vision. In functional pituitary adenomas, hormonal levels decreased in 6 patients and in 1 patient increase. Postoperative complications were presented in 6 patients representing 24% of patients, 2 had cerebrospinal fluid fistula, 2 patients worsened their visual symptomatology, 1 patient developed diabetes insipidus and 1 patient died in the postoperative period. Conclusions: The transsphenoidal procedure is transosseous or endoscopic transnasal micróscopica are effective approaches for the surgical treatment of patients with pituitary adenoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pathology, Surgical , Brain Neoplasms , ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma , Pathology, Clinical , Glioma , Meningioma
8.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 36(4): 234-237, 20/12/2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-911231

ABSTRACT

Introduction Transsphenoidal encephalocele is a rare neural tube defect characterized by the herniation of meninges and eventually of parts of the brain through a bony defect in the sphenoid bone. The clinical presentation is variable, and surgical treatment is controversial. Case Report This report describes the case of an 8-month-old female child diagnosed with transsphenoidal encephalocele. The child presented with obstruction of the upper airways and was fed via a nasogastric tube but did not present changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis. The patient underwent surgery with the transsphenoidal­transpalatine route, with an excellent outcome and without fistulas or infections. Conclusions Although transsphenoidal encephalocele is a rare congenital anomaly, the transsphenoidal­transpalatine route for the correction of this type of encephalocele is a safe option and produces a favorable outcome in pediatric patients.


Introdução A encefalocele transesfenoidal é um defeito do tubo neural raro, caracterizado por herniação de meninges e eventualmente partes do cérebro através de uma falha óssea no osso esfenoide. A apresentação clínica é variável e o tratamento cirúrgico é controverso. Relato de Caso No presente trabalho descrevemos o caso de uma criança de 8 meses, sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de encefalocele transesfenoidal. Apresentava-se com obstrução de vias aéreas superiores, alimentando-se por sonda nasoenteral e sem alterações do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário. Tratada com cirurgia via transesfenoidal transpalatal, evoluiu com excelente resultado, sem fístulas e sem infecções. Conclusões Embora a encefalocele transesfonoidal seja uma anomalia congênita rara, a via transpalatina-transesfenoidal para correção deste tipo de encefalocele é uma opção segura e produz um resultado favorável no paciente pediátrico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Encephalocele , Encephalocele/surgery , Meningocele
9.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 36(3): 160-166, 08/09/2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-911201

ABSTRACT

Cavernous sinus surgery has always represented a surgical challenge due to the great importance of the surrounding anatomical structures and to the high morbidity associated to it. Although the anatomy of this region has been extensively described, controversy remains related to the best treatment and approaches for different kinds of lesions. In this article, a literature review was performed on the surgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus.


A cirurgia da região do seio cavernoso sempre representou um desafio devido à grande importância das estruturas anatômicas e às altas taxas de morbidade associadas. Embora a anatomia da região tenha sido extensivamente descrita, permanece controverso o melhor tratamento e o acesso para diferentes tipos de lesão que acometem a região. Neste artigo foi realizada uma revisão de literatura focando a anatomia cirúrgica e os acessos à região do seio cavernoso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cavernous Sinus/surgery , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Microsurgery
10.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 83(2): 162-167, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839422

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: When an expanded endonasal transsphenoidal surgical approach is performed, intrasphenoid septations must be completely resected. If these structures are close to the internal carotid artery (ICA), then their manipulation might cause vascular injury. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of intrasphenoid septations in the internal carotid artery protuberance (ICAp). Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 421 patients were analysed. Intrasphenoid septations (classified as intersphenoid or accessory) and their relationship to the ICAp were described. Additionally, a sphenoid sinus classification was performed based on their degree of pneumatisation to determine whether a difference exists in the frequency of intrasphenoid septations inserted into ICAp with regard to sinus type. Results: The patient mean age was 39 ± 21.4 years. Overall, 219 patients (52%) had septations in the ICAp; 359 patients (85.3%) had intersphenoid septations; of the latter, 135 (37.6%) had septations in the ICAp. This frequency was higher among patients with sphenoid sinus type 4 or 5 (44.7% and 43.5%, respectively). Accessory septations were found in 255 patients (60.6%); 140 of these septations (54.9%) were in the ICAp. Among 351 patients with types 3, 4 or 5 sphenoid sinuses (i.e., only well-pneumatised sphenoid sinuses), 219 (62.4%) had septations in the ICAp. These frequencies are higher than those reported in most previous studies. Conclusion: The frequency of intrasphenoid septations in the ICAp found is considerable. It is higher among patients with more pneumatised sinuses. This finding justifies an appropriate pre-operative study, and careful attention must be paid during transsphenoidal surgery.


Resumo Introdução: Quando uma abordagem cirúrgica transesfenoidal endonasal ampliada é feita, septações intraesfenoidais devem ser completamente ressecadas. Se essas estruturas estiverem próximas à artéria carótida interna (ACI), a manipulação pode causar lesão vascular. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a frequência de septações intraesfenoidais na protuberância da artéria carótida interna (pACI). Método: Exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de 421 pacientes foram analisados. As septações intraesfenoidais (classificadas como interesfenoidais ou acessórias) e sua relação com a pACI foram descritas. Além disso, uma classificação do seio esfenoidal foi feita com base no seu grau de pneumatização para determinar se existe uma diferença na frequência de septações intraesfenoidais inseridas em pACI em relação ao tipo de seio. Resultados: Pacientes com idade média de 39 ± 21,4 anos foram incluídos. No geral, 219 pacientes (52%) apresentavam septações na pACI; 359 (85,3%) septações interesfenoidais; 135 (37,6%) septações na pACI. Essa frequência foi maior entre os pacientes com seio esfenoidal tipo 4 ou 5 (44,7 e 43,5%, respectivamente). As septações acessórias foram encontradas em 255 doentes (60,6%); 140 dessas septações (54,9%) estavam na pACI. Entre 351 pacientes com seios esfenoidais tipos 3, 4 ou 5 (isto é, apenas seios esfenoidais bem pneumatizados), 219 (62,4%) tinham septações na pACI. Essas frequências são superiores às relatadas na maioria dos estudos. Conclusão: A frequência de septações intraesfenoidais na pACI encontrada é considerável, é maior entre pacientes com seios mais pneumatizados. Esse achado justifica um estudo pré-operatório adequado e uma atenção especial deve ser dada durante a cirurgia transesfenoidal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery, Internal/anatomy & histology , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Carotid Artery, Internal/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
11.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 35(3): 185-192, 20/09/2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-910713

ABSTRACT

Objective Report the transitioning from the usage of microscope to endoscope in the transsphenoidal approach to pituitary adenomas with a main focus on technical nuances and incorporation of new surgical instruments throughout several years. Methods Between 1993 and 2015, the Skull Base team of Hospital das Clínicas of UFMG operated on 225 pituitary adenomas through a transsphenoidal approach. The study was divided into 3 groups: the first group (from 1993 to 2001) used the microscope only; the second group (from 2002 to 2004) used both the microscope and endoscope simultaneously, and the third group (from 2005 to 2015) used the endoscope only. Results There were 120 functional adenomas and 98 non-functional pituitary tumors; 7 cases could not be classified. The first two groups consisted of 50 cases, as 175 cases were operated with the endoscope only. As the transseptal moved to the endonasal route, it allowed the procedure to be performed by three or four hands, better visualization of the lateral sella, approach to the cavernous sinus and treatment of CSF leaks with a vascularized graft from the septal mucosa. The surgical instruments were adapted as the microscopic approach was switched to the endoscopic technique. Conclusion Despite the lack of literature data showing superior magnification or lighting when comparing the endoscope to the microscope, we believe the former provides greater comfort and safety in the transsphenoidal approach for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.


Objetivo Relatar a transição do microscópio ao endoscópio no acesso transesfenoidal aos adenomas hipofisários, com ênfase nas nuances técnicas, conceitos e incorporações de instrumentos cirúrgicos ao longo dos anos. Método No período de 1993 a 2015, foram operados 225 adenomas hipofisários por via transesfenoidal pelo grupo de cirurgia de base do crânio do Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG. O estudo foi dividido em três etapas, de acordo com o dispositivo usado para iluminação e magnificação do campo operatório: primeira etapa (1993 a 2001), uso do microscópio; segunda etapa (2002 a 2004), uso simultâneo do microscópio e do endoscópio; terceira etapa (2005 a 2015), uso exclusivo do endoscópio. Resultados Adenomas funcionantes corresponderam a 120 casos, e os não funcionantes, a 98. Sete casos não puderam ser classificados. Cinquenta cirurgias corresponderam às duas primeiras etapas, e 175 foram realizadas exclusivamente com o endoscópio. O acesso migrou do transeptal para o endonasal, o que permitiu a cirurgia a três ou quatro mãos, melhor visualização das porções laterais da sela e abordagem do seio cavernoso, além de tratamento de fístulas com retalho pediculado de mucosa do septo. Os instrumentos cirúrgicos foram adaptados à medida que se trocou o microscópio pelo endoscópio. Conclusão Apesar de a literatura não demonstrar que um tipo de equipamento de iluminação e magnificação seja superior ao outro, acreditamos que o endoscópio nos propiciou maior conforto e segurança no tratamento dos adenomas hipofisários por via transesfenoidal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adenoma/surgery , Neuroendoscopy/methods , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery
12.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 34(2): 139-143, jun. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1787

ABSTRACT

Pituitary tumors are responsible for 7 to 17% of all intracranial lesions. Over the past decade, advances in endoscopic microsurgical techniques have resulted in an increasingly aggressive endonasal approach to tumors of the midline skull base. We present our series emphasizing technical nuances of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to treat pituitary adenomas.


Tumores hipofisários são responsáveis por 7 a 17% de todas as lesões intracranianas. Durante a última década, avanços nas técnicas microcirúrgicas endoscópicas resultaram no aumento de acessos endonasais agressivos para tumores de base de crânio de linha média. Apresentamos nossa série de casos, com ênfase nos detalhes técnicos do acesso endoscópico endonasal transesfenoidal para o tratamento de tumores da hipófise.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Adenoma/surgery , Neuroendoscopy/methods
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(4): 1140-1143, Dec. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-734649

ABSTRACT

There are a number of variations regarding morphometric anatomy and degree of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus. In our study, we planned to examine and show the differences of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus particularly to guide the neurosurgeon during transsphenoidal surgery. Sagittal T1-weighed spin-echo Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) of 616 adult individuals (406 women and 210 men) were analyzed, retrospectively. According to the collected data from our study, the most common type of the sphenoid sinus was the sellar type (83%; n=511) for the whole study group. Of the 616 individuals 16.6% (n=102) had presellar type and 0.5% (n=3) had conchal type of sphenoid sinus. Preoperative detailed detection of the anatomical characteristics of sphenoid sinus is essential. A thorough information obtained from studies of the regional anatomy and awareness of its variability can provide a safe and accurate transsphenoidal and extended endoscopic skull base approaches.


Existen variaciones respecto a la anatomía morfométrica y el grado de neumatización del seno esfenoidal. En nuestro estudio, se examinaron las diferencias de neumatización del seno esfenoidal, especialmente para guiar al neurocirujano durante la cirugía transesfenoidal. Fueron analizadas las imágenes sagitales T1-spin de resonancia magnética (RM) de 616 individuos adultos (406 mujeres y 210 hombres). De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos a partir de nuestro estudio, el tipo más común de seno esfenoidal fue el de silla turca (83%, n=511) para todo el grupo de estudio, 16,6% (n=102) corresponden al tipo presellar y 0,5% (n=3) al tipo conchal. Una detección preoperatoria detallada de las características anatómicas del seno esfenoidal es esencial. Información exhaustiva obtenida de los estudios de la anatomía y el conocimiento de su variabilidad regional puede proporcionar un abordaje endoscópico transesfenoidal extenso, seguro y preciso, de la base de cráneo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Anatomic Variation , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Turkey , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution
14.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(2): 133-139, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690557

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Para acceder a la región selar, podemos utilizar las técnicas transcraneal, transeptal, o transnasal endoscópica, pudiendo provocar diferentes grados de hiposmia. Se ha descrito menor morbilidad al utilizar la técnica endoscópica, pero faltan estudios dirigidos a los resultados olfatorios. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de deterioro olfatorio en los pacientes sometidos a un abordaje transnasal endoscópico. Material y método: Se reclutaron 12 pacientes con tumores en la región selar durante 8 meses. Se les realizó un test de olfato preoperatorio, fueron intervenidos mediante abordaje transnasal endoscópico y controlados al mes posoperatorio. Resultados: Se logró seguimiento a 10 pacientes. Seis (60%) presentaron un test de olfato preoperatorio normal. Al mes posoperatorio, se constató mejoría olfatoria en 1 (10%) paciente, 8 (80%) se mantuvieron en la misma categoría y 1 (10%) presentó deterioro olfatorio. En suma, 9 de 10 pacientes (90%) mantienen o mejoran su olfato al mes posoperatorio. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que el abordaje transnasal endoscópico utilizado en este estudio no produce deterioro olfatorio. Dado que además es una técnica de abordaje efectiva y relativamente segura, consideramos que constituye una alternativa factible para utilizar en pacientes con patología tumoral en la región selar.


Introduction: To access the sellar region we can use the transcranial, transeptal, or transnasal endoscopic approaches, which may cause different degrees of hyposmia. It has described less morbidity to use the endocopic technique, however, there are few studies directed at olfactory outcomes. Aim: To determine the presence of olfactory impairment secondary to endoscopic transnasal approach. Material and method: 12 patients with tumors in the sellar region were enrolled during 8 months. They were underwent a smell test preoperatively, operated by endoscopic transnasal approach, and controlled with postoperative retesting, after one month. Results: Follow-up was achieved to 10 patients. 6 (60%) presented a normal preoperative smell test. Within one postoperative month, olfactory improvement was found in 1 (10%) patient, 8 (80%) remained in the same category and 1 (10%) had olfactory impairment. In all, 9 out of 10 patients (90%) maintain or improve their sense of smell after surgery. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the transnasal endoscopic approach used in this study, doesn't produce olfactory impairment. Given that is also an effective and relatively safe approach, we believe that is a feasible alternative for use in patients with tumor pathology in the sellar region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Smell/physiology , Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery , Endoscopy/adverse effects , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Sphenoid Bone/surgery , Olfactory Mucosa/surgery , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Endoscopy/methods , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity/surgery
15.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 73(3): 251-256, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-692334

ABSTRACT

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 36 años con síndrome de silla turca vacía primaria (STVP) caracterizado por cefalea, estrechamiento concéntrico periférico progresivo de la visión y oligomenorrea, quien fue sometida a remodelamiento selar con colocación de un autoinjerto intraselar. La evolución postoperatoria fue con mejoría importante del defecto campimétrico, en ambos ojos.


We report the case of a 36 year old woman with primary empty sella syndrome (PESS) and symptoms consisting in headache, progressive concentric peripheral narrowing of vision and oligomenorrhea, who underwent sellar remodeling with placement of an intrasellar autograft. Post operative course showed bilateral improvement in campimetric defect.

16.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 38(1): 36-42, jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716512

ABSTRACT

Los adenomas hipofisiarios invasores constituyen una patología de baja frecuencia dentro de los tumores del sistema nervioso central, su nombre hace referencia a aquellas lesiones que se extienden hacia estructuras adyacentes a la región selar y que en algunas ocasiones pueden alcanzar tamaños gigantes. Representan un importante reto quirúrgico considerando la posibilidad de daño de las estructuras comprometidas o rodeadas por el tumor. Son lesiones que se manifiestan de forma tardía y generalmente más por su efecto compresivo que por un compromiso hormonal secundario. Existen múltiples clasificaciones partiendo de la extensión del tumor, además de las que hacen referencia a las características histológicas. En este artículo se exponen los sistemas de clasificación así como algunos de los abordajes reportados en la literatura. Se muestra el caso de una de nuestras pacientes a quien se le diagnosticó tardíamente un adenoma invasor de gran tamaño, después de varios años de cursar con importantes alteraciones del comportamiento y quien posteriormente fue llevada a cirugía para resección del tumor por vía transcranial. Se expone la complejidad anatómica de la región selar y se propone un nuevo sistema de clasificación que contempla el compromiso diferencial de espacios y estructuras neurales y vasculares adyacentes a la región selar con el fin de guiar a los cirujanos sobre los procedimientos quirúrgicos más adecuados y disponibles en el momento.


Invasive pituitary adenomas constitute a low-frequency disease within the central nervous system tumors, the name refers to those lesions involving adjacent structures to the sellar region and who can reach giant sizes. The invasive adenomas represent a major challenge considering surgical morbidity due to the commitment of structures that may be involved given the extent of these lesions. These tumors usually are belatedly manifested and their manifestations are most often secondary to the compressive effect than hormonal involvement. There are multiple classifications based on the extent of the tumor, besides those that referring to the histologic features. This article shows a case of a patient who was diagnosed lately, with a big invasive adenoma who had had major behavioral disturbances in previous years and was subsequently taken to surgery for resection of the tumor. We present the anatomical complexity of the sellar region and we propose a new classification system to guide surgeons on the surgical procedure most suitable and available at the time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Adenoma/surgery , Adenoma/classification , Adenoma/diagnosis , Endoscopy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pituitary Neoplasms , Sella Turcica , Skull , Sphenoid Sinus , Tomography, Spiral Computed
17.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 54(5): 34-38, sep.-oct. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-956893

ABSTRACT

Los abscesos hipofisarios se diagnostican en la mayoría de los casos solo después del drenaje transesfenoidal, el abordaje terapéutico de elección; son subdiagnosticados y representan una enfermedad con alta mortalidad sin el tratamiento correcto y oportuno. Este es el caso clínico de una paciente de 38 años de edad con amenorrea de un año de evolución, galactorrea, cefalea y déficit campimétrico manifestado por hemianopsia bitemporal. La resonancia magnética nuclear mostró una imagen compatible con adenoma hipofisario, por lo que se realizó abordaje transesfenoidal confirmándose por reporte histopatológico un absceso cerebral. Se llevó terapia antibiótica empírica con vancomicina, metronidazol y ceftriaxona a dosis meníngeas, sin obtener el agente causal en los cultivos. Se concluyó que los abscesos hipofisiarios son una patología potencialmente curable que al manifestarse como una masa selar la gran mayoría recibe un abordaje terapéutico adecuado por vía transesfenoidal, y en la mayoría de los casos dicho procedimiento arroja el diagnóstico y el tratamiento definitivo al mismo tiempo.


Pituitary abscesses are defined as the affection of the pituitary gland by an intrasellar suppurative process caused by an infectious agent. Pituitary abscesses represent less than 1% of the pathologies of the sellar region, the clinical manifestations are due to pituitary dysfunction or mass effect. The diagnosis in most of the cases is only after transsphenoidal drainage which is the therapeutic approach of choice, being underdiagnosed and becoming a disease with high mortality if the right and appropriate treatment is not instituted. Case report. A case of a 38-year-old-female patient with amenorrhea of one year of evolution, galactorrhea, headache and visual field deficits manifested by bitemporal hemianopsia is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an image compatible with pituitary adenoma, a transsphenoidal approach was performed and histopathologic report confirmed a brain abscess. Antibiotic therapy was empirically started with vancomycin, metronidazole and ceftriaxone at meningeal doses, failed to get the agent in cultures. Conclusions. Pituitary abscesses are a potentially curable disease that present as a sellar mass, most receive the appropriate therapy by transsphenoidal approach and in most of the cases this procedure gives the definitive diagnosis and treatment simultaneously.

18.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 37: 64-68, jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708078

ABSTRACT

La apoplejía postoperatoria de los adenomas hipofisiarios es una complicación rara vez reportada. La presión ejercida por el tumor residular edematoso puede comprometer estructuras nerviosas y vasculares adyacentes a la región selar. Describios el caso de un hombre de 69 años de edad con un tumor selar gigante a quien le fue realizada una resección incompleta a través de un acceso pterional. La cirugía fue detenida por inestabilidad hemodinámica. Cuarenta y ocho horas más tarde, desarrolla oftalmparesias y disminución bilateral de la agudeza visual, deterioro del estado de consciencia, poliuria y hemiparesia izquierda. Una tomografía cerebral simple de emergencia demostró incremento del volumen tumoral con hemorragia y un infarto en el territorio de la arteria cerebral media derecha. El paciente falleció siete días más tarde. Este caso ejemplifica esta rara y catastrófica complicación con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. En la revisión de la literatura, solo fueron encontrados dos casos de ictus isquémico debido a la compresión de arterias intracraneales mayores por apoplejía postoperatoria de macroadenomas residuales.


Postoperative apoplexy of residual pituitary adenomas is a rarely reported complication. Pressure from edematous residual tumor may affect vascular and nervous structures adjacent to sellar region. We described a 69 years old man with a giant sellar tumor who underwent to incomplete resection through pterional approach. Surgery was stopped by hemodynamic instability. Forty-eight hours later, he developed bilateral decreased of visual acuity, bilateral ophthalmoparesis, drowsiness, polyuria and left hemiparesis. An emergency computed tomography scan showed increase in tumor volume with hemorrhage and an infarct of right middle cerebral artery. The patient died seven days later. This case exemplifies this rare and catastrophic complication with high morbidity and mortality. On literature review, only two cases of ischemic strokes due to compression major intracranial arteries by postoperative tumor apoplexy were found.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Adenoma , Pituitary Apoplexy/diagnosis , Pituitary Apoplexy/physiopathology , Pituitary Apoplexy/mortality , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms/complications , Stroke , Brain Edema , Diagnostic Imaging , Sphenoid Sinus
19.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(1): 16-28, Feb. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-580291

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados iniciais de uma equipe cirúrgica no controle hormonal dos adenomas hipofisários secretores. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em cinco anos, foram operados 51 adenomas secretores (31 GH, 14 ACTH, 5 prolactina, 1 TSH). O controle hormonal foi GH basal < 2,5 ng/dL, cortisol livre urinário normal, redução dos níveis de prolactina, e T3 e T4 livre normais. RESULTADOS: As taxas de controle foram 36 por cento na acromegalia e 57 por cento no Cushing. Dois prolactinomas (40 por cento) normalizaram a prolactina. Os hormônios tiroidianos normalizaram no adenoma secretor de TSH. O controle do hipercortisolismo correlacionou-se com o tempo de experiência da equipe (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados, limitados aos primeiros anos de experiência cirúrgica, situam-se abaixo da variação reportada em grandes casuísticas com maior tempo de experiência. Ao longo do tempo, observou-se melhora progressiva nos níveis de cortisol urinário no pós-operatório inicial da doença de Cushing em função da experiência cirúrgica.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the initial results of a surgical team in the hormonal control of secreting pituitary adenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In five years 51 functioning adenomas were operated (31 GH-secreting, 14 ACTH-secreting, 5 PRL-secreting and 1 TSH-secreting). Hormonal control was defined as GH < 2,5 ng/mL, normal free-urinary cortisol, lower prolactin and normal T3 and FT4. RESULTS: Control rates were 36 percent in acromegaly, and 57 percent in Cushing's disease. Two prolactinomas normalized prolactin levels. Thyroid hormone levels were normalized in the TSH-secreting adenoma. Control of hypercortisolism was positively correlated with years of experience (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results, although restricted to the beginning of our experience, lie below the reported range of other surgical series with much longer experience. During these years, there was a significant improvement in initial post surgery urinary cortisol levels in Cushing's disease as a function of surgical experience.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hypophysectomy/methods , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Acromegaly/blood , Cushing Syndrome/blood , Cushing Syndrome/urine , Human Growth Hormone , Hydrocortisone/urine , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Pituitary Hormones/blood , Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology , Pituitary Neoplasms , Prolactinoma/blood , Prolactinoma/surgery , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Thyrotropin/blood
20.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 35: 14-18, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-598991

ABSTRACT

Los adenomas hipofisarios son raros en la población pediátrica, constituyen menos del 3 por ciento de los tumores supratentoriales en el niño, con una incidencia anual de 0,1 por millón de niños. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue caracterizar el comportamiento de esta entidad, así como los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en pacientes menores de 16 años, diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro centro, en el período comprendido entre Enero de 1991 y junio del 2010. Nuestra muestra quedó conformada por 6 pacientes, la edad promedio fue de 11 años, predominó el sexo femenino y la raza no tuvo predilección. Las alteraciones endocrinas fueron las formas más frecuentes de presentación. El diagnóstico imagenológico se realizó con la Tomografía Computarizada y la Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, en la valoración oftalmológica, la campimetría alcanzó una alta sensibilidad y desde el punto de vista hormonal, la prolactina y la GH fueron las comprometidas. Predominaron los macroadenomas y las lesiones funcionantes. Estas lesiones en su mayoría fueron intervenidas a través de abordajes frontopterional y transesfenoidales, nuestro grupo presentó dos complicaciones, una fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y un aracnoidocele. Predominaron los buenos resultados. No tuvimos fallecidos en relación con la cirugía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Acromegaly/etiology , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/surgery , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/complications , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/diagnosis , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/etiology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cuba
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