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Blood transfusion is an important lifesaving intervention, but it poses the risk of transmission of different infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Treponema pallidum (causing syphilis) and Plasmodium spp. (causing malaria) to the recipient. Seroprevalence of different transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) among blood donors is an indirect measure of these infections in the community. This study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of different TTIs in blood donors attending blood bank of a tertiary care hospital of Western Odisha.METHODS12,241 samples over 8 years from both voluntary and replacement donors were processed for HBsAg, HCV, HIV by ELISA method and for syphilis by RPR test, for malaria by rapid card test. Positive samples were confirmed by PCR method for HBsAg, HCV, HIV and by TPHA test for Syphilis and by peripheral smear study for malaria. All the positive samples were rejected for transfusion and the seroreactive blood donors were sent to appropriate department for treatment.RESULTSAmong 12241 samples 0.96% (118/12241) samples were positive for TTI. 2.70% (328/12241) were voluntary donors and 1.87% (229/12241) were female donors. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, Syphilis and malaria were 0.62, 0.044%, 0.073%, 0.1% and 0.12% respectively. Hepatitis B showed significant decrease of annual prevalence over 8 years.CONCLUSIONSSeroprevalence of TTI was lower compared to other studies of India. Highest seroprevalence was seen in hepatitis B. Awareness about hepatitis B vaccination should be increased in that area. Voluntary blood donation and female participation should be encouraged in that area.
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Background: Critical part of transfusion is effective screening of TTI, to reduce the risk of transmission is as safe as possible. The present study has undertaken to focus on seroprevalence of TTIs among both voluntary and replacement donors and also to project epidemiological data of TTIs in this community.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2014 to December 2018. All blood samples collected from donors were screened for HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and malaria according to blood bank policy. Before drawing blood, donors were asked to fill pre structured Blood bank questionnaire and consent form.Results: In this present 5-year study, total number of blood donor population was 54937, among them voluntary donors were 33891 and replacement donors were 21046. Out of 33891 voluntary donors, 33486(98.8%) were males and remaining 405(1.19%) were females. All replacement donors (21046) were males. The seroprevalence of HBV was highest, 1.82% (1003/54937) followed by HCV 0.31% (175/54937) in all the donors. The seropositivity for HIV is 0.23% (129/54937), for syphilis 0.04% (24/54937) and for malaria 0.01% (6/54937).Conclusions: National blood transfusion policy should be strengthening the standards and quality of screening across the country. For blood screening, resources and appropriate screening assays must be available at all health centres.
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Introduction: Blood transfusion is both a life saving measurein many medical and surgical emergencies and a source oftransfusion transmitted infections. So a provision for strictcriteria in recruitment and deferral of blood donors mayimprove safe transfusion practice. The present study wasconducted to estimate the prevalence of transfusion transmittedinfections in voluntary and replacement donors at a tertiarycare teaching hospital in Indore, Madhya Pradesh,CentralIndia.Material and Methods: The present study was a 4 yearretrospective study from 2015 to 2018. Data was analyzedfrom blood bank records,pertaining to all donors who werescreened for HBsAg, Hepatitis C virus and HIV by usingappropriate methods.Results: A total of 45,704 Voluntary & replacement donorswere screened out of which 44,663 (97.72%) were males &1041 (2.27%) were females. The overall seroprevalence ofHBV & HCV was 1.29% & 0.072% respectively, while theprevalence of HIV was 0.076%.The prevalence rate washighest for HBV followed by HIV and HCV in decreasingorder. The overall seroprevalence of various TTI’s among thestudied donors was 1.43%.Conclusion: Blood is still one of the main sources oftransmission of infections like HIV, Hepatitis B and HepatitisC. Extensive donor selection and screening procedures willhelp in improving the blood safety.
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Introduction: The mainstay of therapy for patients sufferingfrom beta thalassemia major is regular blood transfusionand chelation therapy due to constraints in bone marrowtransplantation. The present study was conducted to estimatethe prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs)in multitransfused patients of thalassemia major and todetermine the association with relation to the number of bloodtransfusions received.Material and Methods: This study was conducted inDepartment of Microbiology on 126 β- thalassemiamajor patients registered for regular blood transfusions atThalassemia Day Care Centre attached to Department ofPediatrics, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjabfrom January to July 2018. The patient’s serum sampleswere screened for TTIs i.e. Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV).Seropositivity screening for HBV and HCV was done by rapidImmunochromatographic test and confirmed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. (ELISA) while for HIV as perNACO guidelines.Results: Out of 126 patients, 14.28% (18/126) were seroreactive for TTIs. Of these sero-reactive patients, 13.4%(17/126) were positive for anti-HCV antibody, 0.79% (1/126)positive for HBsAg and none (0) for anti HIV antibody. Ofthe anti-HCV reactive cases, 70.5% (12 out of 17) were>12years of age, 58.8% (10 out of 17) had received morethan 250 transfusions, and 23.5% (4 out of 17) had receivedtransfusions between 100 to 250. Anti-HCV seroreactivitywas thus found to increase with the age and increase in thenumber of transfusions received.Conclusion: It is concluded that HCV is the most prevalentTTI in multi-transfused children with thalassemia major andstringent pre-transfusion screening of blood for anti-HCVmust be introduced in blood centers. HBV vaccination shouldalso be done before the start of transfusion regimen or as soonas possible after diagnosis of thalassemia.
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Background: Blood is precious as well as scarce lifesaving medication. Proper screening of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and malarial parasite (MP) with appropriate methods is needed to ensure that the donated blood is made innocuous for transfusion. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of TTI and their epidemiological aspects in blood donors in a hospital-based blood bank in Nerul, Navi Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of the total of 4708 donors was carried out from January 2015 to December 2018 year. Screening of HIV was done using the fourth-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and HCV by the third-generation ELISA kit. Testing for syphilis was done with rapid plasma reagin and MP was tested with rapid card test. Results: Voluntary donors were 4702 (99.9%) while replacement constituted for 6 (0.12%) number of cases. Among 4708 donors, 4079 (96%) were male and 629 (4%) were female. Among 66 (1.4%) transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD)-positive donors, the highest number of donors 28 (42%) belongs to 18–27 years of age group while the lowest 5 (2%) belonged to 48–57 years. Overall prevalence of HIV, HbsAg, HCV, syphilis, and MP was 0.08%, 1.1%, 0.2%, 0.04%, and 0.02%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of TTD was more in males, in 18–27 age groups, and in voluntary donors. The most common TTI was HBV, followed by HCV, HIV, syphilis, and MP, respectively.
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Background:Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are one of the major adverse effects of blood transfusion. Serological testing can reduce, but not eliminate the occurrences of TTIs. Study of TTIs amongst blood donors could help to find safe blood for the patients.Aims:This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of markers of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis and Malaria among Voluntary Blood Donors and Replacement Blood Donors in a tertiary care centre.Materials and Methods: Aretrospective study was conducted at The State of the art Model blood bank, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College (JNMMC) and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This study included all the blood donors both from in-hospital donations and outdoor camps donations (including Voluntary and Replacement donors) from January 2011 to December 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was done for screening of HBV, HCVand HIV; Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test was done for syphilis and Card Test for Malaria Antigen.Results:Atotal of 1,08,577 donors were screened over a period of eight years. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria was found to be 0.12%, 0.77%, 0.04%, 0.22% and 0.03% respectively. Overall seroprevalence of reactive TTIs was 1.19%, which was maximum in the year 2013 (2.28%) after that there was a gradual decrease in the prevalence rate of TTIs in blood donors over the years. Infections were more common among Replacement Donors as compared to Voluntary Donors. Conclusion: The increase in public awareness regarding Voluntary blood donation, meticulous donor screening, counselling and use of highly sensitive tests can help in reducing the risk of TTIs. Prevalence of HIVinfection is decreasing in the blood donors. The HBVinfection still remains a menace to be tackled. HCV, Syphilis and malaria maintain a low rate of positivity. Methods to ensure a safe blood supply should be encouraged.
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Background: Transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) can be caused by various microorganisms present in the blood of apparently healthy donors. The recipient may get infected after being transfused with the unsafe blood. It is mandatory to screen the blood for HIV 1 and 2, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria. This study was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalance of Transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors at our tertiary care centre and to compare our study with other studies conducted at different hospitals of the country as well as outside.Methods: A retrospective review of blood donor records was made over a period of 5 years with effect from January 2014 to December 2018 at blood bank, department of Blood Transfusion and Immunohaematology, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar. Both voluntary and replacement blood donors were selected after taking proper history and examination were included in the study. Serum samples were screened for HIV 1 & 2, HBV (HBsAg) and HCV using ELISA with 3rd generation kits.Results: A total of 56325 blood donors were screened. Out of total 55346 (98.2%) were males and 979 (1.73%) were females. Among them 38969 (69.1%) were replacement donors and 17356 (30.8%) were voluntary donors. The seroprevalance of HBV (HBsAg), HCV and HIV 1and 2 was 0.24%, 0.17% and 0.01% respectively and overall seroprevalance of TTIs was 0.43%.Conclusions: Continuous improvement and implementation of newer techniques like NAT and chemilumenescence for testing of blood for TTIs will reduce the risk of acquiring these infections.lance
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Background: Supply of safe blood starts with healthy voluntary non remunerated blood donors. Blood donor screening and testing for TTI has become stringent all over the world. A fundamental part of preventing TTI is to notify and counsel reactive donors which help in preventing secondary transmission of infectious disease.Methods: This observational descriptive study is done to determine the number of contacted TTI reactive donors and their response rate after notification of their abnormal tests. It includes all the sero-reactive donors from July 2015 to June 2016 in the department of IHBT, GGSMCH. Blood donors who were sero-reactive for any TTI were recalled and tested again with ELISA kit of different manufacturer or lot number and by rapid card tests. Donors’ sero reactive on repeat testing were informed, counseled and referred to ICTC (for HIV) or Physician (for hepatitis B and hepatitis C). Confidentiality was maintained at every level.Results: During the study period, numbers of blood donors were 12621, out of which 343 blood donors were found to be sero-reactive. 23 donors were HIV, 230 Hepatitis C, 90 were HBsAg reactive. We could contact 182 out of 343 sero reactive donors telephonically. 161 sero-reactive did not attend blood bank phone call or their contact number was changed. Amongst the 182 contacted donors, 72 donors responded for the notification call and attended counseling.Conclusions: Response rate among reactive donors is quite low and a big challenge. This shows poor health care knowledge and social stigma regarding TTI among donors.
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Background & objectives: Nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) in blood donor screening not only detects window period (WP) donors but also those with chronic occult infections which are negative by routine serological screening. This study was conducted to determine the time trend of NAT positivity and seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) through a period of six years and evaluate the strength of NAT as a supplementary test in identifying the cryptic carriers in blood donor population. Methods: A total of 1,01,411 blood donations were screened between January 2011 and December 2016 by the ELISA and individual donor (ID) NAT Procleix Ultrio Plus Assay. Additional molecular and serological assays were done on the NAT yield samples to differentiate the type of cryptic carriers. Results: NAT yields comprised 0.05 per cent (50/101411) of the total samples tested with a yield rate of 1/2028. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contributed to 80 per cent of the total NAT yields and the rest 20 per cent due to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Majority of HBV NAT yields (75%) were from chronic occult donors and 25 per cent were WP donors. Both HBV and HCV NAT yields had a wide range of viral count. There was no HIV NAT yield. A significant decline in the prevalence rate of TTIs through the study period of six years was observed. Interpretation & conclusions: The cryptic infections found in blood donors increase the risk of TTIs. Blood screening by both serology and NAT can reduce this threat.
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Background & objectives: Multiple transfusions in ?-thalassaemia patients undergoing regular transfusion regimen are at a risk of developing transfusion transmitted infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). The present study was conducted to investigate the association of HCV viraemia and genotype with clinical parameters in HCV seroreactive ?-thalassaemic individuals. Methods: A total of 172 HCV seroreactive ?-thalassaemic individuals aged between 2-35 yr with at least 25 units of blood transfusion were catagorized into four groups (2-12 yr, group 1; 13-19 yr, group 2; 20-29 yr, group 3; 30-35 yr, group 4). Aged matched control samples (n=87; ?-thalassaemics without HCV infection) were also included. HCV RNA was detected by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on 5� UTR of HCV genome, viral load was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Nested RT-PCR amplified partial core region was used for DNA sequencing. Liver function parameters [serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] were also determined. Results: Of the 172 HCV seroreactive individuals, 59.30 per cent (n=102) were HCV RNA positive. HCV viral load ranged from 173 to 32.04�[5] IU/ml; 87.65 per cent were infected with HCV genotype 3. Liver enzymes, such as ALT, AST and serum total bilirubin were significantly elevated in all age groups compared to control groups. Serum ferritin levels were found to be high in all individuals, but 16.27 per cent of HCV-infected individuals with >10,000 IU/ml viral load also showed high ferritin levels (>1500 ?g/l) where the majority of them were infected with HCV genotype 3. Interpretation & conclusions: HCV genotype 3 was the major circulating genotype among ?-thalassaemia patients in this region. Our findings indicated an association between HCV replication and hepatic iron load and also highlighted the need for sensitive quantitative RT-PCR-based detection of HCV RNA in the high risk population
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Introduction: A Transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) is a virus, parasite, or other potential pathogen that can be transmitted in donated blood through a transfusion to a recipient. This transmission is one of the most dreaded complications of blood transfusion. Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of TTIs among the blood donors in Madhya Pradesh, a central state of India Materials and Methods: The present five years (1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016) study is a retrospective analysis of one million three hundred thirty-six thousand one hundred fifty-six (1,336,156) blood donor’s record at Madhya Pradesh Aids Control Society (MPSACS) Bhopal; donors donated their blood at National Aids Control Organization (NACO) supported blood banks, Madhya Pradesh, India. With the permission of MPSACS, donor’s data was collected, retrieved, tabulated, summarized and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Chi-square (X2) test was applied to evaluate the significant (p-value) ratio of difference statistically. Results: In the present study, 91.1% were voluntary blood donors and rested 8.9% replacement blood, donors. Male to female ratio of blood donors were male 94% and female 6%. TTIs prevalence in the study was 1.75 % (p<0.001) while individual infections prevalence was; HbsAg 1.16, Syphilis 0.37%, HCV 0.09%, HIV 0.08%, and Malaria 0.04%. Conclusion: Low prevalence of TTIs was reported in the present study, so hereby we have concluded that a healthy transfusion service is must for the health care system of the state/country. 100% Voluntary blood donation by Regular, voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors from low-risk populations and Careful TTIs testing, preferable NAT to reduce the window period are the key factors to ensure the safe blood to the needy.
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Background: Blood transfusion has become an essential part of treatment in number of medical or surgical emergencies. It is also true that blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infection to recipients. Present study was planned to know the seroprevalence and pattern of such infections among voluntary as well as replacement donors in this area. Culture and molecular techniques have demonstrated that it is associated with increased prevalence of bacteria. This study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among the blood donors at Chirayu medical college and Hospital, Bhopal over a period of 5 years. All blood units received from replacement as well as voluntary blood donations at Blood Bank, Chirayu medical college and associated Hospital, Bhopal during the period from February 2011 to January 2016 were selected for the study. Methods: A 5 year retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of Chirayu medical college Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. All data were collected from blood bank records maintained as per Drugs and Cosmetic Act of India and included records of 4208 voluntary and 10852 replacement donors from February 2011 to January 2016. Screening of blood units was done by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method for HIV, malaria and hepatitis B and C. Fourth generation ELISA kits were used for HIV testing while Syphilis was tested by latex agglutination assay. Any sample found reactive was retested for confirmation and seropositive units were discarded. Results: Overall TTIs incidence in voluntary donors and replacement donors was found to be 1.568% (66/4208) and 5.215% (566/10852)respectively. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria was found to be 0.071% (3/4208), 0.712% (30/4208), 0.119% (5/4208), 0.665% (28/4208) and 0.00% in voluntary blood donors as against the figures of 0.166% (18/10852), 2.681% (291/10852), 0.82% (89/10852), 1.548% (168/10852) and 0.00% of replacement blood donors respectively. It is clear from this data that the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis is higher in replacement blood donors as compared to voluntary blood donors. The highest seroprevalence of TTI was found to be in the age group of 18-30 years. Conclusion: Prevalence of TTI is less in voluntary blood donors as compared to replacement donors. Hence, efforts should be made to increase the number of voluntary donors and reduce replacement donations to a minimum. A strict selection of all donors and proper testing of a donor’s blood by using standard methods is highly recommended to ensure safety for the recipient.
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Background: Blood transfusion has profound role to play in specific illness, but still due to unsafe and careless practices the peril of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), syphilis and malaria prevails. Objective: To study the seroprevalence of TTIs in healthy blood donors in specific Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic scale at a Blood Bank of a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India, to enhance the awareness about transfusion related risks and to implement better strategic measures to prevent TTI, in high risk groups. Material and Method: Total 10,569 blood units were collected from Jan-2014 to Septmeber-2015. All donors were categorised according to the Kuppuswamy’s Socioeconomic Status Scale (KSESS) followed by screening of all sera samples for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HCV, HIV types 1 and 2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and for malaria antigen and Treponema pallidum by using immunochromatographic tests and Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) respectively. All the samples found reactive for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV were again confirmed by second ELISA. Results: The overall seroprevalence was HCV 2.06 % (218/10569) > HBV 1.71% (181/10569) > HIV 0.03% (3/10569). No donor was found positive for Malaria and VDRL. The prevalence of transfusion transmissible diseases in specific socio economic class was as follows-:Upper lower class (IV) 248/2261 (10.96%) > Lower class (V) 34/483 (7.03%) > Lower Middle class (III) 97/5789 (1.67%) > Upper middle class (II) 22/1552 (1.42%) > Upper class (I) 1/484 (0.20%) and seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible diseases in each socio economic class, out of total donations was as follows-: Upper lower class (IV) 248/10569 (2.35%)> Lower middle class (III) 97/10569 (0.92%) >Lower class (V) 34/10569 (0.32%)> upper middle class (II) 22/10569 (0.21) >Upper class (I) 1/10569 (0.009%). Conclusion: Maximum positive TTIs had association with low socio-economic status people with increased medical and behavioral risk factors. Hence, we conclude that awareness among the high risk population group, strict and skillfulness selection of donors and use of effective laboratory screening tests is the prerequisite for the safe donation!!
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Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving therapeutic intervention and millions of lives are saved each year globally through this procedure. However, blood transfusions are associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences. It may cause acute or delayed complications and carries the risk of the transmission of blood borne infectious agents. Materials and methods: This study was done in Government general hospital blood bank, Nizamabad district, Telangana state, India. Study duration was six years, from June 2010 to May 2016. Blood was collected from apparently healthy donors after following the questionnaire put forth by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) through blood camps organized by voluntary organizations, voluntary and replacement donors in the government blood bank and motivated student bodies. Results: In our study, total screening positives were 532 out of the total 55291 units accounting to 0.96%. Among the positives, most of the positives belonged to Hepatitis B virus, HBsAg positives were 384 cases (0.69%), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were 117 cases (0.20%), Venereal Ather Fatima, Farida Begum, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections among Blood Donors in Nizamabad District of Telangana State - A six years study. IAIM, 2016; 3(8): 73-78. Page 74 Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) positives were 22 cases (0.03%) and minimal positives were noted in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) those were 09 cases (0.01%). Conclusion: Transfusion of blood and blood products is an established mode of treatment in many conditions. However unnecessary transfusions and unsafe transfusion practices expose patients to the risk of serious adverse transfusion reactions and transfusion-transmitted infections. This risk can be minimized by encouraging voluntary non-remunerative donation and screening of blood for TTI before transfusion with better screening methods like Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA), Nucleic Acid Amplification technique (NAT).
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Background & objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis infections pose a great threat to blood safety. This study was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of serologic markers for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors at a hospital based blood centre in north India over a period of nine years. Methods: the results of serologic markers for TTIs (HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and syphilis) of all blood donations (both voluntary and replacement) at our hospital from January 2005 to December 2013 were screened. Additional analysis was conducted to examine the prevalence trends associated with each of the positive marker. Results: The data of 180,477 donors [173,019 (95.86%) males and 7,458 (4.13%) females] were analyzed. Replacement donations [174,939 (96.93%)] represented the majority whereas, only 5,538 (3.06%) donations were from the voluntary donors. The risk of blood being reactive was three times higher in male donors when compared with the female donors. The risk of blood being reactive for one or more infectious markers was 2.1 times higher in replacement donors when compared with the voluntary donors. Seropositivity of HIV, HBsAg, HBcAb, syphilis showed a significant decreasing trend (p<0.05) while there was an increasing trend in HCV infection which was insignificant. Interpretation & conclusions: This study reflects that the risk of TTIs has been decreased over time with respect to HIV, HBV and syphilis, but the trends for HCV remains almost the same in blood donors. Blood transfusion remains a risk factor for the spread of blood-borne infections. Therefore, improvements are needed to strengthen both safety and availability of blood.
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Abstracts: Background & Objective: Blood is an amazing fluid. Blood is obtained only from healthy human being, till date we are not able to prepare blood artificially and no effective substitute is invented. Blood donor is the main brick on which whole building of blood transfusion service is standing. Blood transfusion considered life saving measure to patient if used appropriately but at the same time it is harmful and potential vector of transfusion transmitted infection like HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, syphilis, malaria and many others. Methodology: The present study was carried out at blood bank of GMERS medical college and hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. The period of the study included 6 calendar years from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2014.whole blood was collected from voluntary and replacement blood donors after following stringent screening criteria. Blood donor details like age, sex, weight, hemoglobin, blood group and transfusion transmitted infections status were noted. Results: Whole blood was collected from 14276 blood donor during study period. Out of them voluntary blood donors were 12606(88.30%) and replacement blood donors were 1670(11.70%). Total male donor and total female donor were 13266(92.93%) and 1010(7.07%) respectively. Age group 21-25 years blood donors donated maximum numbers 3418(23.94%).prevalance of B blood group 5373(37.64%) followed by O blood group 4321(30.27%), A blood group 3262(22.85%), AB blood group 1319(9.24%).out of 14276 transfusion transmitted infections tested blood units, 70(0.5%) blood units were positive for transfusion transmitted infections. Conclusion: Even Among all types of blood donors Voluntary blood donors are major part. Blood donor in Age group 18-30 years are the major source of blood collection. B positive is the most common and AB positive is least common blood groups. Seropositive prevalence of Transfusion transmitted infections in blood donor is 0.5% in all blood donors. HBsAg is the most common transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors.
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Introduction: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the latest approved method for detection of transfusion transmitted infections. With higher prevalence of infections in window period and occult infections, blood safety can be compromised when testing is done using only serological techniques. With this background this study had been taken up to compare the results of serological test with NAT. Material and methods: Voluntary blood donations were screened for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus using ELISA. All samples were sent for ID-NAT and results of both methods were compared, analyzed individually. Results: A total of 11,393 blood units were collected during the study period. ELISA test results. showed 176 (1.54%) positivity for these transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) in total. Among them, 133 (75.56%) was HBV, 22 (12.5%) was HCV and 21 (11.93%) was HIV as shown by ELISA. ID- NAT test results showed 174 (1.52%) positive in total. As analyzed by individual test results, 37 (0.32%) of total blood samples showed positivity in NAT which showed negative results in ELISA. Also 38 (0.33%) of total blood samples (HBV = 27, HCV = 08, HIV = 03) which showed positivity in ELISA were negative in NAT. Conclusion: ID-NAT is definitely a useful screening method for HBV, HCV, HIV. It clarifies infections in window period, occult infections and false seroreactive cases.
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Introduction: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) are a major problem associated with blood transfusion. Accurate estimates of risk of TTIs are essential for monitoring the safety of blood supply and evaluating the efficacy of currently employed screening procedures. Aims: To determine the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in greater Gwalior region and its surrounding areas i.e. central India and its comparison with other relevant studies. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India from January 2009 to December 2013 (5 year study). Methodology: Total 67,123 blood units collected from blood donors were tested for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) i.e. HIV I & II, HBV, HCV,VDRL and Malaria parasite at Blood Bank as per guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for Asia Pacific region and Food and Drug Administration, Government of India. Results: Out of 67,123 blood units studied, voluntary units were 61309(91.3%) and replacement units were 5823 (8.7%). In the present study total TTIs positive units were 2747 (4.09%) (p=0.000005). Amongst them HBV were 2360 (3.51%) (p=0.000005), HIV positive units were 91(0.13%), HCV were 161 (0.24%), VDRL were 114 (0.17%) and Malaria 21 (0.03%). Conclusion: Our study concluded that amongst all the TTIs in the blood donors in Gwalior and its surrounding area, seroprevalence of HBV was significantly higher than other infections. It is also higher than similar studies conducted in other parts of India.
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Background:Although blood transfusion is a life saving therapy, it is associated with various ill effects, which can cause increased morbidity and mortality in recipients. Testing of all donated blood for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) such as HIV I & II, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis is one of the strategies recommended by WHO to ensure safe blood. However, if the donor is already having an infection, transmissible by blood, the transfusion will be rather hazardous for the recipient. The national blood policy of India 2002 advocates the disclosure of results of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) to blood donors. Aim:To assess the attitude of the transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) reactive blood donor in response to the post-donation calls from blood bank. Material and methods: A total of 20865 blood donors came to the department of IHBT in period of one year from 1St November 2009 to 31St October 2010.All donated blood was screened against HIV I & II , Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis and malaria. On screening the units, it was found that 391 donation units (1.874 %) were positive for one of the TTIs, namely HIV I & II, HBsAg, HCV or syphilis. As follow-up, these donors were recalled at blood bank by a phone call. Results: out of 391 reactive donors only 236 responded to call (average response rate was 60.36%). Conclusion: The study suggest that authorities should frame some guidelines and rules that can increase the response rate among reactive donors and make them assessable because it enables their future investigation and treatment and the prevention of diseases transmission to the community.