Linfadenopatía cervical y supraclavicular ipsilateral a la vacunación de refuerzo con Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 / Cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination

La COVID-19 es la enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus conocido como SARS-CoV-2. Para finales del 2020, la FDA de los Estados Unidos aprobó la primera vacuna para su uso de emergencia contra el COVID-19, desarrollada por Pfizer y BioNTech (BNT162b2). Este nuevo tipo de vacuna utiliza ARN mensajero modificado, el cual le da instrucciones al organismo para generar un fragmento de la proteína espiga de la superficie del virus, y que por sí sola desencadena una respuesta inmunitaria que ayuda a proteger el organismo contra una infección por COVID-19. Dentro de los eventos adversos menos comunes reportados en los estudios clínicos iniciales está la linfadenopatía (0.3 %). Objetivo: reportar el caso de paciente masculino que acude a evaluación sonográfica por preocupación de nódulo palpable en región supraclavicular. Resultados: a la evaluación sonográfica se observa cadena ganglionar reactiva compatible con una linfadenopatía. Paciente reporta vacunación de refuerzo con la vacuna Pfizer 8 días antes de la evaluación, subsecuente a dos vacunas Coronavac, corroborando de que se trata de una linfadenopatía reactiva, secundaria a una respuesta inmune robusta al refuerzo con la vacuna Pfizer. Se realiza una medición de Anti-SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG cuantitativa a los 15 días del refuerzo con Pfizer, reportando valores elevados de 10,600 BAU/mL. Se orientó al paciente a regresar en una semana para seguimiento ecográfico, el cual evidenció resolución espontánea sin secuelas. Conclusiones: los hallazgos de adenopatía axilar o supraclavicular unilateral subsecuentes a la vacunación por COVID-19 deben ser informados tanto a médicos como pacientes, como un efecto secundario temporal producto de la respuesta inmunológica post vacuna. Este hallazgo benigno no requiere seguimiento adicional de imágenes y mucho menos de procedimientos invasivos como biopsias, los cuales generan mucha ansiedad al paciente, además de ser muy costosos para los mismos

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus identified as SARS-CoV-2. Towards the end of 2020, the FDA of the United States approved the first vaccine for emergency use against COVID-19, which was developed by Pfizer and BioNTech (BNT162b2). This new type of vaccine uses a modified RNA Messenger, which gives instructions to the host cells of the vaccinated person to produce a fragment of the spike protein of the virus, which then generates an inmune response and protects the recipient of the vaccine against COVID-19. Among the adverse events less frequently reported in the initial clinical studies of the vaccine is lymphadenopathy which was reported by 0.3% of the participants. Objective: Presentation of a case report of a male subject that came to a ultrasound evaluation due to concern of a palpable nodule in the supraclavicular región. Results: Ultrasound exam showed reactive unilateral cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Patient reports a third dose booster with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT162b2) vaccine, 8 days prior to the evaluation, after completing a two-dose vaccination schedule with the Coronavac/Sinovac vaccine, confirming a vigorous immune response to the mRNA anti-COVID vaccines. This response was validated by elevated Anti-SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG (10,600 BAU/mL). Patient was informed to return in a week for an echography follow-up which showed spontaneous resolution without leaving sequelae. Conclusions: It is of great importance to inform this benign finding of supraclavicular or axillar adenopathy subsequent to COVID vaccination to the medical community and patients, to avoid unnecessary medical interventions such as imaging or biopsies, which generate anxiety to the patient as well as additional costs

Perinatal Outcomes after Fetal Endoscopic Tracheal Occlusion for Isolated Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Rapid Review / Resultados perinatais após oclusão traqueal endoscópica fetal por hérnia diafragmática congênita isolada: Revisão rápida

Abstract Objective To compare the perinatal outcomes of fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia after fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) and antenatal expectant management. Data sources In this rapid review, searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, PMC, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases between August 10th and September 4th, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs or cluster-RCTs published in English in the past ten years were included. Study selection We retrieved 203 publications; 180 studies were screened by abstract. Full-text selection was performed for eight studies, and 1 single center RCTmet the inclusion criteria (41 randomized women; 20 in the FETO group, and 21 in the control group). Data collection Data collection was performed independently, by both authors, in two steps (title and abstract and full-text reading). Data synthesis There were no cases of maternal mortality. The mean gestational age at delivery was of 35.6±2.4 weeks in the intervention group, and of 37.4±1.9 weeks among the controls (p<0.01). Survival until 6 months of age was reported in 50% of the intervention group, and in 5.8% of the controls (p<0.01; relative risk: 10.5; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.5-74.7). Severe postnatal pulmonary hypertension was found in 50% of the infants in the intervention group, and in 85.7% of controls (p=0.02; relative risk: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.4-0.9). An analysis of the study indicated some concerns of risk of bias. The quality of evidence was considered moderate to low. Conclusion Current evidence is limited but suggests that FETO may be an effective intervention to improve perinatal outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar os resultados perinatais de fetos com hérnia diafragmática congênita após oclusão traqueal endoscópica fetal (OTEF) e conduta expectante pré-natal. Fontes dos dados Nesta revisão rápida, pesquisas foram conduzidas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PMC, EMBASE e CENTRAL entre 10 de agosto de 2020 e 4 de setembro de 2020. Ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs), quase-ECRs e ECRs em cluster publicados em inglês nos últimos dez anos foram incluídos. Seleção dos estudos Foram recuperadas 203 publicações; 180 destas foram triadas pelo resumo. Fez-se a leitura do texto completo de 8 estudos, e 1 ECR cumpriu os critérios de inclusão (41 mulheres aleatorizadas; 20 no grupo OTEF e 21 no grupo de controle). Coleta de dados A coleta de dados realizada independentemente pelos dois autores, em duas etapas (título e resumo, e leitura do texto completo). Síntese dos dados Não houve casos de mortematerna. A idade gestacionalmédia no parto foi de 35,6±2,4 semanas no grupo de intervenção, e de 37,4±1,9 semanas entre os controles (p<0,01). A sobrevida até 6 meses de idade foi relatada em 50% do grupo de intervenção, e em 5,8% dos controles (p<0,01; risco relativo: 10,5; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,5-74,7). Hipertensão pulmonar grave ocorreu em 50% dos lactentes do grupo de intervenção, e em 85,7% dos controles (p = 0.02; risco relativo: 0,6; IC95%: 0,4-0,9). Uma análise do estudo indicou algumas preocupações quanto ao risco de viés. A qualidade da evidência foi considerada de moderada a baixa. Conclusão As evidências atuais são limitadas,mas sugeremque a OTEF pode ser uma intervenção eficaz para melhorar resultados perinatais.

Application of short-term training path for prenatal ultrasound diagnostician in primary hospitals / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the establishment and effect of short-term training path for prenatal ultrasound diagnosticians in primary hospitals.Methods:A total of 105 trainees from in total 5 batches of the "prenatal ultrasound screening training base" in Chongqing were selected as the research objects, and a combination of multiple teaching methods was used to carry out specialized training for primary prenatal ultrasound screening doctors before and after training. Theoretical examinations and practical operation assessments were performed, and after training, remote image quality control and continuous improvement methods were established for trainees to assess training effectiveness. SPSS 21.0 was used for t test, Wilcoxon test and chi-square test. Results:After training, the results of the theoretical examinations and practical operation examinations of the trainees were higher than those before the training ( P<0.05), and after the completion of the training, the number of trainees who returned to their original units to carry out prenatal ultrasound examination, the average number of prenatal ultrasound examinations per month and the number of referrals to higher prenatal diagnosis centers of each trainee increased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The establishment of short-term training path for prenatal ultrasound diagnosis can effectively improve the professional theoretical knowledge and practical operation level of prenatal ultrasound doctors in primary hospitals, and greatly solve the problem of technical promotion under the shortage of grassroots hospitals.

Diagnostic value of high-frequency color ultrasound for different types of thyroid nodules during healthy examinations / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To evaluate the value of high-frequency color ultrasound for different types of thyroid nodules during healthy examinations. Methods A total of 150 subjects with ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid nodule abnormality were enrolled. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules were evaluated with histopathological examinations of surgical thyroid specimens as a gold standard. Results A single thyroid nodule was found in all patients, and histopathological examinations identified 102 benign thyroid nodules and 48 malignant nodules. Microcalcification showed the highest accuracy for prediction of benign and malignant thyroid nodules (98.1%; χ2 = 45.67, P = 0.001), followed by taller than wider shape of thyroid nodule (92.1%; χ2 = 34.06, P = 0.001), central vascularity (82.0%; χ2 = 13.29, P = 0.001), halo (76.0%; χ2 = 6.15, P = 0.008) and hypoechogenicity (70.3%; χ2 = 10.63, P = 0.001). In addition, ultrasound diagnosis showed a 100.0% sensitivity, a 94.1% specificity, a 88.9% positive predictive value, a 100.0% negative predictive value and a 96.0% accuracy for differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules (χ2 = 41.830, P < 0.001). Conclusion High-frequency color ultrasound has a high diagnostic accuracy for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and microcalcification and taller than wider shape of thyroid nodule exhibit high values for predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules.

Cesarean scar ectopic with ruptured corpus luteal cyst: a rare case report

Incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is increasing because of a rising number of caesarean sections. Prompt diagnosis of the condition is required to reduce associated morbidity. A high index of suspicion is required for women with a suggestive history of CSP. Ultrasound scan is the diagnostic tool of choice. Management options include medical, surgical and interventional radiology. Appropriate patient selection is important for optimal results. Major haemorrhage and hysterectomy are the main risks associated with CSP. Therefore, adequate counselling and availability of surgical expertise and blood transfusion should be part of a comprehensive management strategy. We are reporting a rare case of G3P2L1 with previous two lower caesarean deliveries diagnosed with caesarean scar ectopic based on clinical and ultrasound finding came with acute pain in abdomen with haemodynamically unstable with intraoperative finding s/o unruptured c scar pregnancy along with ruptured corpus luteal cyst leading to severe intra-abdominal bleeding. C-scar ectopic and corpus luteal cyst confirmed on histopathology.

Trisomy 13 mosaicism syndrome with atypical plurimalformative phenotype

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are important congenital malformations of the lip, palate, or both caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity of trisomy 13 mosaicism. Material and Methods: We present one clinical case of a 30-year-old, Caucasian woman who is pregnant for the first time. Techniques of work study: anamnesis, clinical examination, serological tests for Toxoplasmosis, Rubeola, CMV and Herpes, ultrasound examination at 20 weeks gestation with General Electric Echographe Voluson E10 BT18, amniocentesis, fetal chromosome analysis and genetic counseling. Results: Ultrasound examination showed a viable singleton fetus with intra-uterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, hypoplastic nasal bone and bilateral polycystic kidneys. Amniocentesis was done, and the fetal chromosomal analysis revealed a fetus with 46, XY/47, XY,+13 mosaic karyotype. After a complex genetic counselling the parents opted, to terminate the pregnancy. The autopsy confirm the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. Conclusion: Routine ultrasound examination during pregnancy and specific genetic testing are essential for the early prenatal detection of major structural fetal anomalies associated with rare genetic chromosome syndromes.

Analysis of ultrasound quality control in 70 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Qinghai Province / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To explore the main problems of ultrasonic quality management in Qinghai Province.Methods The ultrasound departments of 19 tertiary hospitals and 51 secondary hospitals in Qinghai Province were investigated.The x2 test was carried out to analyze the setting of departments,subspecialty,instrument status,ultrasonic quality control,workload,and personnel specialty and educational composition ratio.Results There was a statistically significant difference between tertiary and secondary hospitals in department settings,sub-specialty,instrument status,ultrasound quality control,workload,personnel specialty,and personnel qualifications (x2=30.49,38.208,36.87,7.913,28.518,7.111 and 322.363,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 for all).Conclusions The above-mentioned observation indexes are better in the 19 tertiary hospitals than in the 51 secondary hospitals in Qinghai Province.Strengthening construction from these aspects and improving ultrasound quality control management play an important role in improving the level of ultrasound diagnosis and promoting the homogeneity of ultrasound diagnosis.

Diagnosis of appendicitis in the third trimester of gestation: case report and review of the literatura / Diagnóstico de apendicitis en el tercer trimestre de la gestación: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the case of a woman in the third trimester of pregnancy diagnosed with perforated acute appendicitis and secondary generalised peritonitis; and to review the published literatura on the usefulness of diagnostic imaging as part of the workup for this condition during the second half of pregnancy. Materials and methods: We present the case of a 29-year-old patient, gravida 3 para 2, referred to a high complexity institution at 35.2 weeks of gestation with a diagnostic impression of pre-term labour. The patient was taken to laparotomy after remaining under observation for 20 hours of observation, with a diagnosis of abdominal pain and acute appendicitis, and was found to have perforated appendicitis with secondary peritonitis. Post-operatively, the patient developed surgical site infection and premature labour, leading to preterm delivery with satisfactory maternal and perinatal outcome. A search for articles published in English or Spanish over the past 20 years was conducted in the Up to date, Medline vía PubMed and Science Direct databases using MeSH terms "Pregnancy," "Peritonitis," "Appendicitis", "Perforated Appendicitis," "Ultrasonic Diagnosis," "Magnetic Resonance Imaging," "Computed Tomography." Results: Overall, 20 titles directly related to the use of diagnostic imaging in pregnant women with suspected appendicitis were identified. Ultrasound is the first option used for diagnosis, but its diagnostic accuracy during the second and third trimesters is limited because, frequently, it is not possible to visualise the appendix. Sensitivity varies between 46% and 63%, and specificity between 80% and 100%. Nuclear magnetic resonance has better operational performance, with sensitivity ranging between 60% and 100%, and specificity ranging between 95% and 100%, although it is more expensive and has access limitations. Conclusions: The diagnosis of acute apendicitis in pregnancy is challenging. Nuclear magnetic resonance would be more useful than ultrasound for diagnosis during the second and third trimesters.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reportar el caso de una paciente con embarazo avanzado de 35,2 semanas, con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda con perforación y peritonitis generalizada secundaria, y hacer una revisión de la literatura publicada acerca de la utilidad de las imágenes diagnósticas en el análisis de esta condición en la gestante en la segunda mitad del embarazo. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 29 años, con 3 gestaciones, 2 partos, remitida a una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad con gestación de 35,2 semanas e impresión diagnóstica de trabajo de parto pretérmino. Fue llevada a laparotomía luego de 20 horas de observación, con diagnóstico de dolor abdominal y apendicitis aguda; se encontró apendicitis perforada con peritonitis secundaria. En el posoperatorio presentó infección del sitio operatorio y trabajo de parto prematuro, por lo que se finalizó la gestación con evolución materna y perinatal satisfactorias. Se realizó una búsqueda con los términos MeSH: "Pregnancy", "Peritonitis", "Appendicitis", "Perforated Appendicitis", "Ultrasonic Diagnosis", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Computed Tomography", en las bases de datos Up to date, Medline vía PubMed y Science Direct, para artículos publicados en inglés o español, de los últimos 20 años. Resultados: se identificaron 20 títulos relacionados directamente con el uso de imágenes diagnósticas en mujeres gestantes con sospecha de apendicitis. El ultrasonido es la tecnología diagnóstica utilizada como primera opción, sin embargo, su desempeño diagnóstico en el segundo y tercer trimestre es limitado porque frecuentemente no se logra visualizar el apéndice. La sensibilidad varía del 46 al 63 %, y la especificidad del 80 al 100 %; la resonancia magnética tiene un mejor desempeño operativo, con una sensibilidad que varía entre el 60 y el 100 %, y una especificidad del 95 al 100 %, aunque tiene restricciones por ser más costosa y tener limitaciones de acceso. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda en el embarazo es un reto diagnóstico, la resonancia magnética podría ser más útil que el ultrasonido para el diagnóstico en el segundo y tercer trimestre de embarazo.

Analysis on correlations between ultrasound features and positive expressions of CerbB-2 and Ki-67 in patients with breast cancer / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective; To explore the correlations between the ultrasound features and the expressions of the molecular biological indicator human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (CerbB-2) and Ki-67 in the patients with breast cancer. Methods; The ultrasonographic characteristics and paraffin section materials of 107 patients with breast cancer confirmed by pathology were collected. The correlations between the ultrasonographic characteristics and the expressions of CerbB-2 and Ki-67 were analyzed. Results; The positive expression rates of CerbB-2 and Ki-67 in breast cancer tissue were 73.83% (79/107) and 81.21% (87/107), respectively; the expressions of CerbB-2 and Ki-67 were positively correlated (r= 0. 264, P=0. 001). There were obvious correlations between the edge, size, shape, orientation, hyper-echoic halo, rear echo attenuation, micro calcification, flow signal 2-3 grade of breast cancer and the expression of CerbB-2 (P1, hyper-echoic halo, rear echo attenuation, micro calcification, flow signal 2-3 grade of breast cancer and the expression of Ki-67 (P 1 (P= 0.002) were the independent prognostic factors of breast cancer. Conclusion: There are significant correlations between some ultrasound features of breast cancer and the positive expressions of CerbB-2 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissue.

Color Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound combined with real-time ultrasonic shear wave elastography in breast cancer diagnosis / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of color Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound combined with real-time ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) in the early diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods A total of 110 suspected breast tumor patients from October 2015 to April 2017 were selected as subjects.Comprehensive detailed examinations on the patients were conducted by routine two-dimensional ultrasound,color Doppler and SWE,and the lesion location,size,boundary,capsule,internal echo,blood flow,elastic value and other related data were recorded.The BI-RADS classification was conducted based on these data.Pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic effects of color Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound and the combination of color Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound and SWE.Results Of the 110 patients,78 were malignant and 32 were benign.The sensitivity of color Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound for breast cancer diagnosis was 83.3％,the specificity was 81.2％,and the accuracy was 82.7％.The sensitivity of color Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound combined with SWE for breast cancer diagnosis was 88.5％,the specificity was 90.6％,and the accuracy was 94.5％.Conclusion Color Doppler two-dimensional ultrasound combined with SWE can complement each other and improve the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of early breast cancer.

Investigation of “practice teaching methods ”for musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging / 基础医学与临床

Objective To discuss the effect of “practice teaching methods ” in musculoskeletal ultrasound diagnosis training process .Methods Thirty refresher doctors for a month with the method training .The effect training is evaluated by objective exam and questionnaire survey .Results Thirty refresher doctors received tests before and after the training .Test results showed that the accuracy after the training was significantly higher than that of before ( P<0.05 ) .Refresher doctors survey about satisfaction of the training method showed that whole satisfaction is 100%, in which 70%were very satisfied , 30%were satisfied .The self-assessment results for the improvement of the level of diagnosis musculoskeletal ultrasound showed that 45%doctors are very satisfied ,40%doctors are satis-fied, and 15%is not satisfied .Conclusions With the implementation of “teaching by practice” method, refresher doctors could master the knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy as soon as possible , and have the ability to diagnose common musculoskeletal diseases independently .

Imaging analysis of ultrasound in the diagnosis of Prune belly syndrome during the early second-trimester / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To investigate the sonographic characteristics of prune belly syndrome (PBS) in early period of second trimester. Methods A total of 16 pregnancies with diagnosis of PBS were enrolled between January 2014 and March 2017. Their sonographic characteristics and autopsy outcomes were analyzed. Results Overdistension of fetal bladder and flimsy fetal abdominal wall were found in all 16 cases. And there were 5 cases found prenatally to be associated with other abnormalities, including single umbilical artery (2 cases), sacrococcygeal teratoma (1 case), spina bifida manifesta (1 case) and strephenopodia (1 case). All women decided to terminatethe pregnancy, and deficiency of the abdominal musculature and increased collagen fiber were found by autopsy. Because of the confusion of the huge bladder, one case associated with imperforate anus was missed by prenatal ultrasonography. Conclusion Prenatal diagnosis of PBS in early period of second trimester is very important, because the amniotic fluid volume is still enough to evaluate the fetal structure.

Evaluation of ultrasound application in diagnosis and clinical staging of thyroid cancers.

Objectives: The usage of Ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis and management of patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer is increasing. This method is also advocated for the pre-operative and post-operative diagnosis of cervical lymph node (LN) metastases. This article is trying to figure out the correlation between ultrasound features and pathological classification of thyroid carcinoma (TC). Materials and Methods: A total of 407 cases of patients with TC were selected from records between 2000 and 2006, which were used to analyze and compare the ultrasound features in different pathologic classification of TC. We grouped the US typing of TC according to the ultrasound features. Then, we implemented pre-surgery evaluation of TC by ultrasound assessment. Results: We classified these patients into six groups by ultrasound: (1) classical, (2) non-typical, (3) microminiaturize, (4) diffuse sclerosing, (5) medullary, and (6) undifferentiated. Ultrasonographic types of papillary TC: (1) classical, (2) microminiaturize, (3) diffuse, (4) cystic, (5) peripheral, (6) multi-nodules, (7) invasive, and (8) complicated Hashimoto. Grouping of the ultrasonic type of cervical LN metastasis: (1) cystic, (2) micro calcification, (3) macro-lymph, (4) microminiaturize, and (5) invasive. The ultrasound assessment of clinical staging had a higher sensitivity rate and specificity, and the accuracy rate of T stage was 93.9%. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful tool in the evaluation, characterization, quantification, and location of TC and cervical LN metastasis.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of intramandibular ameloblastoma.

Ultrasonography (US) is the diagnostic tool of choice for evaluating soft tissue lesions in the head and neck region. It is an economic, noninvasive, easily performed exam and provides real-time images, without the exposure to ionizing radiation, and contrast media is not required. It is usually believed that bone tissue constitutes an obstacle for its utilization, due to the reflection of sonographic waves. A case of mandibular intraosseous cystic pathology is reported, with utilization of US for evaluating the content of the lesion and planning the surgical procedure.

Diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal de fibroelastosis endocárdica / Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis i: en

Se presenta el caso clínico de una gestante de 39 años de edad, quien fuera ingresada a las 22 semanas de gravidez en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente "Tamara Bunke Bider" de Santiago de Cuba, luego de ser remitida del Centro Provincial de Genética por el diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal de fibroelastosis endocárdica, confirmado en el Cardiocentro de esta provincia. Después de la interrupción del embarazo, sugerida en la consulta de Genética, se realizó la autopsia al feto y con el estudio hístico del ventrículo izquierdo se corroboró la miocardiopatía.

The case report of a 39-year-old pregnant woman is presented, who was admitted at 22 weeks of pregnancy to "Tamara Bunke Bider" Teaching Gynecoobstetric Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, after being referred from the Provincial Center of Genetics due to prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis, confirmed at the Heart Center of this province. After abortion, suggested at the Department of Genetics, autopsy was performed and the fetal left ventricle tissue study confirmed cardiomyopathy.

The application of Color Doppler ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the application of color Doppler ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations.Methods 2764 cases of pregnant women giving birth were recruited as our subjects,who were hospitalized from Nov.2007 to Dec.2010.The color Doppler ultrasound instrument was used for fetal malformation diagnosis the analysis of color Doppler ultrasound of the practical application and testing accuracy were performed.Results Among 2764 pregnant women,13 cases with fetal malformations were determined by color Doppler ultrasonography detected.All these 13 cases of fetal malformation were confirmed later.Certainly,there are 2 cases of fetal malformations were not detected by color Doppler ultrasonography,of which one case was congenital heart disease and other was chest deformity.The accuracy rate of color Doppler ultrasonic detector was 86.67％.Conclnsion Color Doppler ultrasound might be a high accuracy detection methods with simple and lower cost in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations.

The Evaluation of Earlier Diagnosis and Follow-up on Bleeding and Necrotizing Pancreatitis by Ultrasound / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of early diagnosis and follow-up of bleeding and necrotizing pancreatitis by ultrasound.Methods 52 cases with bleeding and necrotizing pancreatitis confirmed by operation and pathology were examined by ultrasound. The pancreas were observed section by section in the blood vessel surrounding the pancreas acted as the mark under reduced the influence of gas in gastro-intestine and using adopting protruding probe with high resolution and compounding scanning technique in multi-posture. Results The accurate rate of diagnosis by ultrasound was 92%(48/52).During the follow-up period, pseudocysts and other complications were found in 9 cases, all cases recovered gradually after operations and treatment of symptoms except 3 cases who died caused by complications such as multiple organ dysfunction. Conclusion Ultrasound can identify bleeding and necrotizing pancreatitis early and also can regard as a significant follow-up method.

The Value of Utilizing Ultrasound Technique to Diagnose theAbortion and Make its Prognosis in the Early Pregnancy / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of abortion in the early pregnancy.Methods 653 women who had the symptoms such as transvaginal blooding and abdominal pain in the early pregnancy were underwent transvaginal sonography or abdominal sonography,followed up and observed them in different types in the coming days.Results Among the 653 early-abortion women,there were threatened-abortion in 298 cases,incomplete-abortion in 114 cases, complete-abortion in 56 cases, inevitable-abortion in 141 cases and delayed-abortion in 44 cases.Conclusion Clinical trials showed that using ultrasound to check for abortion in the early stages has its value in practice.Because it makes clinic can be diagnosed and treated in time.

The significance of ultrasound exploration for inferior epigastric arteries in the differential diagnoses of inguinal hernias / 临床外科杂志

Objectives Discussing the significance of ultrasound exploration for inferior epigastric arteries in the differential diagnoses between direct and indirect inguinal hernias.Methods Exploring both flanks inferior epigastric arteries for 105 cases of inguinal hernias with color Doppler ultrasound instrument and making sure of diagnoses for the patients based upon the relations of inferior epigastric arteries with hernia vesicle necks and hernia vesicles.Results (1) Inferior epigastric arteries from 102 patients can be revealed distinctly, but those from 3 cases can't; (2) 16 patients were diagnosed as direct inguinal hernias and 86 patients as indirect inguinal hernias according to ultrasound explorations, which accorded with outcomes offered by surgical operations. Conclusions Ultrasound explorations for inferior epigastric arteries is a brief?accurate and feasible examining management to differential diagnoses between direct and indirect inguinal hernias,which deserves clinic application.

Value of B-ultrasound in Cryptorchidism(An Analysis of 65 Cases) / 中华超声影像学杂志

B-ultrasonic manifestations of 65 cases of cryptorchlchsms including location and size as well as internal structure of tests are analysed.Among these seventy-four per cent cases Were con-firmed by operations.It is Considered that B-ultrasonic imaging has important diagnostic value for cryptorchidism.