ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The primary aim was to gather available data published after the 2000s, on cardiovascular fitness in normal weight and obese children and adolescents. Based on the data, the secondary aims were to identify the most used outcomes and to determine the differences in cardiovascular fitness in the mentioned populations. Following PRISMA recommendations, multiple databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Research Gate, with additional inclusion criteria: original study published in English, normal weight and obese children and adolescents as participant sample, studies that have assessed cardiovascular fitness parameters, and studies with participant's nutrition state. A total of 19 studies, with a total of 4,988 included participants (both obese and normal weight) were identified, with the most common participants have presented better results in terms of BMI, BF%, VO2max, VO2peak and METs, while the HR values are inconsistently presented. Despite deficiencies the study deficiency in the last two decades, there are differences in the mentioned populations. Further studies should focus on including the technology that reaches teens and families for overweight and obesity prevention and advancements in standard measurements for juvenile overweight and obesity, as well as for the creation, adaption, and validation of measuring instruments. As good framework for future directions, there is a need for more concise and unified measurements of cardiovascular fitness parameters in normally weight and obese children and adolescents.
El objetivo principal fue recopilar datos disponibles publicados después de la década del 2000 sobre la condición cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesos. En base a estos datos, los objetivos secundarios fueron identificar los resultados más utilizados y determinar las diferencias en la condición cardiovascular en las poblaciones mencionadas. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de PRISMA, se realizaron búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos: Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest y Research Gate, con criterios de inclusión adicionales: estudio original publicado en inglés, niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesidad como muestra participante, estudios que hayan evaluado enfermedades cardiovasculares, parámetros de condición física y estudios con el estado nutricional de los participantes. Se identificaron un total de 19 estudios, con un total de 4.988 participantes incluidos (tanto obesos como con peso normal), siendo las variables más comunes: IMC, %BF, VO2máx, VO2pico, FC, PAD, PAS y MET. Generalmente, los participantes con peso normal han presentado mejores resultados en términos de IMC, %BF, VO2máx, VO2peak y MET, mientras que los valores de FC se presentan de manera inconsistente. Independientemente de la deficiencia de estudios en las últimas dos décadas, existen diferencias en las poblaciones mencionadas. Estudios futuros deberían centrarse en incluir tecnología que llegue a adolescentes y familias para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad y avances en las mediciones estándar del sobrepeso y la obesidad juvenil, así como para la creación, adaptación y validación de instrumentos de medición. Como buen marco para direcciones futuras, se necesitan mediciones más concisas y unificadas de los parámetros de la condición cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Body Weight , Exercise , Heart Rate , Physical Endurance , OverweightABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou acompanhar um grupo de psicoterapia breve na abordagem fenomenológico-existencial com adultos jovens universitários e observar como se dá o aumento da consciência de si e o ganho de responsabilização, que permitisse a superação de crises e a elaboração de angústias. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio do método fenomenológico, na qual sete universitários participaram de 13 sessões psicoterapêuticas grupais. O processo grupal se mostrou um espaço no qual os participantes puderam compartilhar experiências de vida, compreender-se, aceitar-se e acolher-se mutuamente. Na prática clínica, foi necessário compreender significados e sentimentos dos membros do grupo sobre sua percepção do mundo, entrando na relação terapêutica de forma empática, permitindo que o processo constituísse uma oportunidade de as pessoas se reconhecerem e se colocarem a partir do que sentiam. Durante as sessões, em clima de empatia e coesão entre os participantes, foi possível observar o desenrolar do projeto de ser de cada jovem e as inúmeras autodescobertas que alteraram os níveis de consciência dos jovens participantes, de modo não sequencial e irregular.
This study aimed to follow a brief psychotherapy group, with young undergraduate adults, using the existential-phenomenological approach. It also aimed to observe how the improvement of self-awareness and gains of accountability arise, which allowed overcoming crises and the elaboration of anguish. A qualitative survey was carried out through the phenomenological method, in which seven university students took part in 13 group psychotherapeutic sessions. The group process proved to be a space in which participants could share life experiences, understand each other, accept themselves, and care for each other. In clinical practice, it was necessary to understand group members' meanings and feelings about their perception of the world, entering into the therapeutic relationship in an empathic way, allowing the process to be an opportunity for them to recognize themselves and to talk about how they felt. During the sessions, in an atmosphere of empathy and cohesion between the participants, it was possible to observe the unfolding of each young person's project of being and the innumerable self-discoveries that altered the participants' awareness levels, in a non sequential and irregular way.
El estudio tuvo como objetivo acompañar a un grupo de psicoterapia breve en el enfoque fenomenológico-existencial con jóvenes universitarios y observar cómo hay un aumento de la autoconciencia y la ganancia de responsabilidad, lo que permitió la superación de las crisis y la elaboración de la angustia. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa a través del método fenomenológico, en el que siete estudiantes universitarios participaron en 13 sesiones grupales de psicoterapia. El proceso grupal resultó ser un espacio en el que los participantes podrían compartir experiencias de la vida, entenderse, aceptarse y darse la bienvenida. En la práctica clínica, era necesario comprender los significados y sentimientos de los miembros del grupo sobre su percepción del mundo, entra en la relación terapéutica de una manera empática, permitiendo que el proceso sea una oportunidad para que las personas se reconozcan y se pongan en función de lo que sintieron. Durante las sesiones en un clima de empatía e cohesión entre los participantes, fue posible observar el desarrollo del proyecto de ser de cada joven y los innumerables autodescubrimientos que alteraron los niveles de conciencia de los jóvenes participantes, de manera no secuencial e irregular.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the changes of cognition and sleep status in the youngsters with internet addiction disorder (IAD), and to clarify the relation between cognition and sleep-related indicators of IAD youngsters.Methods Event related potential (ERP) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)test were used for forty-two IAD (case group)and forty non-IAD (control group) in youngsters, and the indexes of period latency (PL)of N1 ,P2 ,N2 ,P3 and amplitude of P3 (P3 amp)of ERP were analyzed,the factor scores of sleep quality (SQ), sleep latency (SL), sleep time (ST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep dysfunction (SD), sleeping pills (SP), daytime dysfunction (DD)and total score of PSQI were analyzed. The correlation between the P3 PL, P3 amp of ERP and all the indexes of PSQI in case group was analyzed.Results The PL of N2 ,P3 of ERP in case group was significanly longer and the P3 amp was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01);the factor scores of the SQ,SL,ST,SE,SD,DD,and the total score of PSQI test had significant differences between two groups (P<0.01).The correlation analysis results showed that there were remarkable positive correlations between the P3 PL and the factor seores of the SQ,SL,ST,SE,SD,DD and the total score of PSQI test in case group (r=0.46,0.34,0.51,0.40,0.48,and 0.54;P<0.01),and there were remarkable negative correlations betweeb P3 amp and the indexes of PSQI test in case group (r=-0.42,-0.45,-0.49,-0.38,-0.38,and -0.50;P<0.01).Conclusion The IAD youngsters have cognition and sleep dysfunction,and the both factors can affect each other.
ABSTRACT
Este artigo versa sobre a formação inicial do Educador de Jovens e Adultos a partir dos resultados de estudo realizado no curso de Pedagogia de uma Universidade Federal. Desde a criação da habilitação (1986), a pesquisa analisa a pertinência da profissionalização desse educador, o significado da formação inicial em EJA para professores e egressos da habilitação e a inserção desse educador no campo de trabalho. Revelou-se o quanto é fértil analisar os processos de formação e atuação desses profissionais, por meio da reconstrução de suas trajetórias, e conclui-se que, mesmo com a crescente visibilidade que tem tido a EJA, tanto na instância das práticas quanto na dos estudos e pesquisas, ainda não existe efetiva demanda para uma formação específica. A formação do educador da EJA pode contribuir para o fortalecimento e a (re)configuração desse campo e, conseqüentemente, para o melhor atendimento a parcelas significativas da população que foram precocemente excluídas das ações de escolarização.
This article discusses pre-service teacher education based on the results of a study done in the Pedagogy course in a federal university. Since the establishment of the program in 1986, the research has analyzed the aptness in the professional education of the educators, the meaning of having specific teacher pre-service training and continued education, and finally, the placement of the alumni in the work market. This study reveals how fertile it is to analyze the process of education and the performance of these professionals by reconstructing their trajectories. It concludes that despite the increased practice and research of adult education in Brazil, there is not an effective demand for this specific pre-service education program yet. The professional development of educators of youngsters and adults can contribute to the (re)configuration of the work field, and consequently, to providing better service to a significant portion of a public excluded from schooling.