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2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 38(1): 61-64, Jan.-Mar. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-776492

ABSTRACT

The Brazilian Civil Code, which came into force in 2002, established a functional criterion for guardianship proceedings and introduced the concept of “limited guardianship,” applied to cases in which incapacity to exercise civil rights is partial. With population aging and the growth in the number of older people with cognitive impairments, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the need to invoke legal remedies against elder abuse increased; however, difficulties in assessing capacity still lead to a majority of decisions in favor of plenary guardianship. The present article compiled data on capacity in AD subjects. The varying degrees of decision-making impairment at different stages of AD might be compatible with limited guardianship in milder cases of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Legal Guardians/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Civil Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Competency/legislation & jurisprudence , Decision Making , Alzheimer Disease/classification
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(2b): 297-303, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-588087

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) analyses in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Thirty-five patients from the Neurology Outpatients Clinic of PUC-Campinas, diagnosed with AD according to the NINCDS/ADRDA were evaluated, and compared with a control group consisting of 30 individuals with no cognitive deficit. The procedures consisted of clinical-neurological, cognitive and behavioral analyses and the qEEG (absolute power and coherence). RESULTS: The AD group presented greater absolute power values in the delta and theta bands, greater theta/alpha indices and less frontal alpha and beta coherence. Logistic multiple regression models were constructed and those only showing variations in the qEEG (frontal alpha coherence and left frontal absolute theta power) showed an accuracy classification (72.3 percent) below that obtained in the mini-mental state examination (93 percent). CONCLUSION: The study of coherence and power in the qEEG showed a relatively limited accuracy with respect to its application in routine clinical practice.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a contribuição das análises quantitativas do eletroencefalograma (qEEG) no diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer (DA). MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 35 pacientes do ambulatório de Neurologia Clínica da PUC-Campinas, com o diagnóstico de DA segundo o NINCDS/ADRDA e comparados a 30 indivíduos, sem déficit cognitivo, de grupo controle. Os procedimentos foram avaliação clínico-neurológica, cognitiva e comportamental e EEGq (potência absoluta e coerência). RESULTADOS: O grupo DA apresentou maiores potências absolutas nas faixas delta e teta, maiores índices teta/alfa e menor coerência alfa e beta frontal. Foram construídos modelos de regressão múltipla logística e aquele que contou apenas com variáveis do EEGq (coerência alfa frontal e potência absoluta teta frontal esquerda) teve acurácia de classificação (72,3 por cento), inferior à obtida com o mini-exame do estado mental (93 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo de coerência e potência no qEEG tem acurácia relativamente limitada no sentido de aplicação prática clínica rotineira.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Electroencephalography/methods , Alzheimer Disease/classification , Case-Control Studies , Logistic Models , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(2b): 485-489, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433294

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concordância da escala CDR com critérios diagnósticos e mini exame do estado mental (MEEM), e correlação com escala de Blessed, numa amostra de pacientes do sul do Brasil. MÉTODO: A escala foi avaliada em 269 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA), demência vascular e demência questionável num desenho transversal. Os critérios do NINCDS-ADRDA para provável DA e NINDS-AIREN para provável demência vascular foram os padrões-ouro. O MEEM, a escala Blessed para gravidade da demência, o escore isquêmico de Hachinski, e uma bateria de testes cognitivos também foram aplicados. RESULTADOS: A concordância com o padrão-ouro foi boa (kappa=0,73), e com o MEEM em categorias foi moderada (kappa= 0,53). Observou-se correlação significativa da escala CDR com Blessed (r=0,96; p=0,001). Não se observou diferença de escolaridade ou de idade entre as categorias da escala CDR. CONCLUSÃO: A concordância da CDR foi boa para os critérios diagnósticos e moderada para o MEEM. A escala mostrou validade de construto para gravidade de demência. Não se observou impacto da escolaridade sobre este instrumento.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Dementia/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Alzheimer Disease/classification , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Brazil , Dementia/classification , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Translating
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(4): 477-482, abr. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-417388

ABSTRACT

The heterogeneity and variants of Alzheimer disease (AD) are reviewed. There are cases with a slow or fast evolution and with early or late onset. Most cases are sporadic but there are also hereditary forms. About 50 percent of patients show neuropsychiatric disorders (depression and psychoses). Some cases have a greater deficit of right or left hemispheric functions. Among the variants, there are forms that start as pure aphasias, predominantly prefrontal cases and posterior cortical forms. Occasionally AD may simulate other disorders such as supranuclear palsy, corticobasal ganglionar degeneration and Jacob-Creutzfeldt disease. Finally, there are mixed forms, in which AD is associated with cerebrovascular disease (very commonly) and with other diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies. We conclude that AD is a heterogeneous disorder and, therefore, clinical diagnosis may be insufficient. Biological markers and specific imaging studies are needed for a correct clinical diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/classification , Alzheimer Disease/pathology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 59(3A): 532-536, Sept. 2001. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-295904

ABSTRACT

There is a limited choice of psychometric tests for Portuguese speaking people which have been evaluated in well defined groups. A Portuguese version of CERAD neuropsychological battery was applied to a control group of healthy elderly (CG) (mean age 75.1 years/ education 7.9 years), 31 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients classified by clinical dementia rating (CDR) as CDR1 (71.4/ 9.0) and 12 AD patients CDR 2 (74.1/ 9.3). Cut-off points were: verbal fluency-11; modified Boston naming-12; Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) -26; word list memory-13; constructional praxis-9; word recall-3, word recognition-7; praxis recall-4. There was a significant difference between CG and AD-CDR1 (p<0.0001) for all tests. There was a less significant difference for constructional praxis and no difference for Boston naming. Comparison between AD-CDR1 and AD-CDR2 showed difference only for MMSE, verbal fluency, and Boston naming. The performance of CG was similar to that of a US control sample with comparable education level. These results indicate that this adaptation may be useful for the diagnosis of mild dementia but further studies are needed to define cut-offs for illiterates/low education people


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Alzheimer Disease/classification , Brazil , Educational Status , Memory/physiology , Sensitivity and Specificity
7.
Salud ment ; 21(1): 64-71, ene.-feb. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243143

ABSTRACT

Entre las enfermedades del sistema nervioso central de mayor incidencia en la vejez se encuentran las demencias. Los resultados de estudios clínicos-anatómicos han revelado que entre los diferentes tipos de demencias, la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), sola o en combinación con otras condiciones, constituye el 60 por ciento de todas las demencias. La EA es un trastorno neurodegenerativo, clínica y etiológicamente heterogéneo, caracterizado por un deterioro temprano y progresivo de las funciones cognositivas. Su diagnóstico se realiza por la exclusión de síntomas propios de otros síndromes demenciales y sólo se confirma mediante la biopsia a autopsia. Algunos criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico han sido formulados por el Manual de Diagnóstico y Estadística de los Desórdenes Mentales (DSM-IV) y los creados en 1984 por el Instituo Nacional de Desórdenes Neurológicos Comunicativos e Infarto en colaboración con la Asociación de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer y Trastornos Relacionados (NINCDS-ADRDA). Hasta la fecha la etiología de la enfermedad se desconoce; sin embargo, se han planteado diversas hipótesis para explicar su origen, entre las cuales se encuentran: intoxicación por aluminio, trastornos en el sistema inmunológico, infección viral, déficits en la formación de filamentos, deficiencia en algunos neurotransmisores y alteraciones genéticas. La EA se ha subdividido en Enfermedad de Alzheimer de tipo Esporádico, la cual constituye el 60 por ciento de los casos y Enfermedad de Aizheimer Familiar, que representa el 40 por ciento restante. Estas dos formas, etiológicamente distintas, presentan cambios neuropatológicos similares (atrofia cortical difusa, proliferación de la glia, placas seniles, degeneración fibrilar y granulovacular, etc), Sin embargo, las características clínicas han cuestionado la existencia de entidades cualitativamente distintas. Existen diferencias relacionadas a la edad de inicio de la enfermedad y a la presentación de los síntomas. Los pacientes cuyas alteraciones se presentan antes de los 65 años tienen mayores anormalidades neurológicas y cognoscitivas focales así como una progresión más rápida de la enfermedad. Así mismo se ha encontrado que los pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer Familiar muestran alteraciones cognoscitivas más severas, particularmente afasia y apraxia...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Alzheimer Disease/classification , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Neurons/pathology , Neuropsychology , Alzheimer Disease/pathology
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