ABSTRACT
La imaginación narrativa creadora es una formación psicológica de la niñez que posibilita que los niños vean las cosas desde el punto de vista del otro. En el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) esta formación psicológica tiene comprometido su desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar de qué manera se desarrolla la imaginación narrativa creadora en un niño con TEA. Esta investigación es de diseño pre-test post-test. La intervención se fundamentó en el uso de las actividades de lectura compartida de literatura infantil y juego narrativo a partir de una interacción comunicativa intencionada con una duración de tres años. Los resultados mostraron que las actividades de lectura compartida de literatura infantil y juego narrativo posibilitaron que el niño con TEA creara vínculos afectivos y que encontrara su propia voz para expresar su mundo interior, usando el lenguaje en un profundo dinamismo de interacciones comunicativas y sociales (utilizando para ello, el lenguaje verbal, no verbal y gestual, así como los silencios). Por consiguiente, tales actividades permitieron el desarrollo de la imaginación narrativa creadora, lo que contribuye a la prevención de dificultades de salud mental en el niño con TEA.
The creative narrative imagination is a psychological formation of childhood that enables children to see things from the other's point of view. In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this psychological training has its development compromised. The purpose of this article is to explain how creative narrative imagination develops in a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This research is of pre-test - posttest design. The intervention used shared reading activities of children's literature and narrative play based on an intentional interaction for three years. The results show that these activities enable the child with ASD to create emotional bonds and to find his or her voice to express his or her inner world using language. Therefore, they allow the full development of creative narrative imagination, which contributes to the prevention of mental health difficulties in children with ASD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Reading , Bibliotherapy/methods , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Imagination , Play and Playthings , Mental Health , EmotionsABSTRACT
Las conductas auto estimulatorias y auto lesivas son muy frecuentes en los trastornos del neurodesarrollo, siendo una fuente de ansiedad y sufrimiento importante tanto para las personas que las presentan como para sus familias. En ocasiones estas conductas son tan intensas y frecuentes que llegan a ser un peligro para la salud del sujeto. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre las diferentes vías de atención de estas conductas desarrolladas hasta el momento, y se expone la metodología aplicada en nuestra clínica, presentando datos recopilados sobre el efecto de la terapia sobre las conductas auto lesivas y auto estimulatorias en 20 casos, como punto de partida para próximas investigaciones. Se destaca el modelo de integración sensorial que complementa el tratamiento farmacológico y el cognitivo conductual, ya que considera relevante las necesidades sensoriales y entrena la capacidad de auto regulación funcional.
Self-stimulatory and self-injurious behaviors are very frequent in neurodevelopmental disorders, being a source of anxiety and suffering for persons who have that behavior and their families. Sometimes these behaviors are so intense and frequent that it becomes a self-integrity risk. A bibliographic review was conducted on the different approaches that have been developed until today; in addition, this article explains the methodology applied in our clinic, with a data collection on the effect of therapy on self-injurious and self-stimulatory behaviors in 20 cases, as a starting point for future research. The sensory integration model that complements pharmacological and behavioral cognitive treatment is highlighted, since it considers sensory needs relevant and trains the capacity for functional self-regulation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Therapy/methods , Self-Injurious Behavior/rehabilitation , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Self Stimulation , Sensation , Self-Injurious Behavior/complications , Self-Injurious Behavior/etiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complicationsABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a percepção de cuidadores de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo quanto ao perfil funcional da comunicação de seus filhos em três momentos, antes e após as orientações. Método Cuidadores de 62 crianças com diagnóstico de TEA participaram deste estudo, divididos em três grupos de intervenções. Todas as intervenções incluíram um programa com cinco sessões de orientação mensais pré-estabelecidas para fornecer informações sobre o desenvolvimento da comunicação e incentivar atividades práticas de comunicação na vida diária. No G1, os cuidadores receberam o programa de orientação em grupo e as crianças receberam terapia fonoaudiológica individual. No G2, os cuidadores receberam as mesmas orientações do programa, mas individualmente, e seus filhos receberam terapia individual. O G3, composto por cuidadores de crianças que aguardavam atendimento fonoaudiológico em lista de espera, recebeu orientação em grupo. Todos os cuidadores responderam ao Perfil de Comunicação Funcional-Checklist (PFC-C) em três momentos: marco zero, cinco e oito meses. Resultados No PFC-C os pais relataram aumento na ocorrência dos meios gestual, vocal e verbal em todos os grupos, para expressar as funções comunicativas interpessoais, exceto no G2. Nas funções comunicativas não interpessoais, houve diminuição da ocorrência do meio comunicativo gestual, aumento do meio verbal, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos. Quanto ao meio vocal, não houve diferença ao longo do tempo. Conclusão As orientações de comunicação para cuidadores de crianças com TEA contribuíram para a compreensão do processo comunicativo em diferentes situações, por meio da detecção de diferenças em sua percepção quanto à funcionalidade da comunicação de seus filhos.
ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the perception of caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder regarding the functional profile of their children's communication in three moments, before and after the guidelines. Methods Caregivers of 62 children diagnosed with ASD (AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER) participated in this study, divided into three groups of interventions. All interventions included a program with five pre-set monthly orientation sessions to provide information on the development of communication and encourage practical communication activities in daily life. In G1 (group 1), the caregivers received the group orientation program, and the children received individual speech therapy. In G2 (group 2), caregivers received the same program orientations but individually, and their children received different treatment. G3 (group 3), composed of caregivers of children waiting for speech-language pathology on the waiting list, received group guidance. All caregivers answered the Functional Communication Checklist (PFC-C) in three moments: baseline, five and eight months. Results In the PFC-C the parents reported an increase in the occurrence of gestural, vocal and verbal means in all groups, to express interpersonal communicative functions, except in G2. In non-interpersonal communicative functions, there was a decrease in the occurrence of the gestural communicative environment, an increase in the verbal climate, with no statistical difference between the groups. As for the vocal climate, there was no difference over time. Conclusion Communication guidelines for caregivers of children with ASD (AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER) (Autism Spectrum Disorder) contributed to the understanding of the communicative process in different situations, by detecting differences in their perception of the communication functionality of their children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Perception , Speech Therapy , Caregivers/psychology , Communication , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitationABSTRACT
New technologies designed to improve the communication of autistic children can also help to promote interaction processes and cognitive and social development. The aim of this study was to analyze the instruments used to improve the communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the descriptors "autism", "Asperger", "education", "children" and "assistive technology" and selected articles that met the following inclusion criteria: (i) original research; (ii) written in English; (iii) based on participants with a primary diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder; and (iv) tested an instrument designed to promote communication in children with autism spectrum disorder. Our search retrieved 811 articles, of which 34 met the inclusion criteria. Data on 26 instruments were extracted, and the measurement properties of the instruments were combined with information about their outcomes and presentation. The most commonly used interventions were the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children program and the Picture Exchange Communication System. The Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children program was shown to produce improvements in the communication skills, socialization and self-care skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. The Picture Exchange Communication System produced inconsistent results. The results of the identified studies confirm the significant importance of these instruments in improving the communicative process of autistic children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Communication Aids for Disabled , Education of Intellectually Disabled/methods , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Reproducibility of Results , Communication Disorders/physiopathology , Communication Disorders/rehabilitation , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose This paper aims to present the first descriptions of experiences of parents and caretakers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) enrolled as mediators in a structured program of speech-language intervention with remote follow-up. Methods Research with focus on speech-language intervention for children with ASD was carried out with remote follow-up. Forty parents were instructed to perform daily activities focused on communication and interaction with their children, at home, for a period of six weeks. Parents and caretakers were questioned about the experience and by means of a structured questionnaire. Results Only 40% of the parents/caretakers conducted the activities proposed every day. Difficulties were reported by 60% of the parents/caretakers. Behavioral problems were also reported as reasons for the difficulties to conduct the activities proposed. Conclusion the importance of parents who provide detailed information about the child's development, discuss doubts and exchange experiences for the development of intervention programs that include families.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Communication Disorders/rehabilitation , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Parent-Child Relations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Follow-Up Studies , CaregiversABSTRACT
RESUMO Os Transtornos do Espectro Autista (TEA) têm sido grande preocupação em saúde pública devido ao aumento de sua prevalência e isto traz à tona, a discussão sobre a assistência prestada assim como dos acompanhamentos terapêuticos necessários. Dentre estes acompanhamentos, se destaca a terapia fonoaudiológica. Este estudo buscou caracterizar a oferta desse serviço nos diversos locais de assistência a essa população no município de São Paulo e para isso, elaborou-se um questionário. Participaram do estudo 25 locais com um total de 854 indivíduos com TEA assistidos. Observou-se que apenas 64% dos locais oferecem o acompanhamento fonoaudiológico e que o número dos indivíduos com indicação para esse acompanhamento está aquém do esperado. Conclui-se que há necessidade de gerenciamento no serviço fonoaudiológico oferecido a esta população.
ABSTRACT The increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide has been a major public health concern; therefore, discussion about the services and therapies required has become important. This study aimed to characterize the provision of speech-language therapy services in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. To this end, a questionnaire with 23 questions was developed based on the Balanced Scorecard methodology. This questionnaire was applied to 854 individuals assisted in 25 ASD services. The results show that only 64% of the ASD services offer speech-language therapy and that the number of individuals assisted is below the expected. Therefore, there is a necessity for better management in the speech-language therapy services offered to the ASD population.