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2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0034, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376787

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure visual acuity in high contrast and low contrast sensitivities in different grades of visible light transmission films in three different positions (front, lateral and rear windows). Methods: Forty-four healthy volunteers between 30-75 y-o, with BCVA better than 0,5, were tested in the 5 following vehicles with different grades of visible light transmission films. Vehicle 1: 75% in the front and 70% in the lateral and rear windows; Vehicle 2: 70% in the front and lateral windows and 28% in the rear; Vehicle 3: 70% in the front, 28% in the lateral and 15% rear; Vehicle 4: 35% in all 3 windows; Vehicle 5: 50% in the front, 20% in the lateral and 15% in the rear. Descriptive statistics were used and the average of the 3 measurements of VA was considered. Wilcoxon Test was applied to compare the average visual acuity in each vehicle and position. P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the Brazilian Traffic Regulations for driving in categories C/D/E, when low contrast was tested in the front window, all visible light transmissions were borderline, in the lateral window they were all outside the limit, while in the rear window for both low and high contrast, all visible light transmissions tested were outside the limit and also borderline for driving in categories A/B, with the exception of the vehicle with visible light transmission of 35%. Conclusion: Visual acuity is affected, especially in the rear window, by the use of automotive films. The study is an alert that window films is a possible cause of accidents and may contribute to the revision of traffic regulations worldwide.


RESUMO Objetivo: Medir a acuidade visual em alto e baixo contraste nas diversas graduações de transparência de filmes em três janelas de veículos: frontal, lateral e traseira. Métodos: Foram avaliados 44 voluntários saudáveis entre 30 e 75 anos, com acuidade visual melhor corrigida acima de 0,5, em cinco veículos, sendo: veículo 1, com 75% de transparência frontal e 70% na lateral e traseira; veículo 2, com 70% na frontal e na lateral e 28% na traseira; veículo 3, com 70% na frontal, 28% na lateral e 15% na traseira; veículo 4, com 35% nas três janelas; e veículo 5, com 50% na frontal, 20% na lateral e 15% na traseira. Foi realizada estatística descritiva utilizando a média de três medidas consecutivas, com teste de Wilcoxon para comparar a média de acuidade visual em cada janela, e foi considerado estatisticamente significativo quando valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Todas as transparências testadas nos vidros reduziram a acuidade visual em situação de baixo contraste para níveis limítrofes na janela frontal e níveis ilegais na lateral para conduzir veículos nas categorias C/D/E. Na janela traseira, tanto em alto quanto em baixo contraste, todas as transparências mostraram redução da acuidade visual para níveis ilegais para categorias C/D/E e limítrofes para as categorias A/B, exceto na transparência de 35%. Conclusão: A acuidade visual é reduzida pelo uso dos filmes automotivos, especialmente na janela traseira. Condutores de veículos com filmes devem ser alertados pelo risco aumentado de acidentes. Esse dado científico propõe revisões nas regulações de tráfego mundiais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobiles/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobiles/standards , Contrast Sensitivity , Visual Acuity , Space Perception , Vision Tests , Lighting , Accidents, Traffic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Color , Glass , Light
3.
West Indian med. j ; 56(3): 236-239, Jun. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476319

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Injuries sustained in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a major challenge to the Jamaican healthcare system. In November 1999, Jamaica enacted legislation to make seat belt usage in motor vehicles compulsory. The effect of this policy change on seat belt usage is unclear. This study therefore sought to determine the prevalence of seat belt usage and to determine the association between exposure/non-exposure to the mandatory seat belt law and seat belt use in subjects who presented to the Accident and Emergency Department (A&E) of the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) as a result of motor vehicle accidents. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from June to November 2003, post-seat belt law (POBL) period, and May to October 1999, pre-seat belt law (PRBL) period. Data collected included demographic variables, seat belt use and position of the occupants in the vehicle. RESULTS: Of the 277 patients who were eligible for inclusion, data were complete in 258 subjects, 87 in the PRBL period and 171 in the POBL period. The prevalence of seat belt use was 47% (PRBL) and 63% (POBL) respectively. There was no significant gender difference at each period. The odds of wearing seat belt in the rear of a motor vehicle were significantly lower than that of a driver (Table 3, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07, 0.48). Adjusting for age, gender and position in vehicle exposure, there was about 100% increase in the odds of seat belt use during the post seat belt law era (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.21, 3.61). CONCLUSION: It is concluded from this hospital-based study that the mandatory seat belt law legislature was associated with increased seat belt use in motor vehicle accident victims. However, current data from the Road Traffic Agency indicate that there is still an alarming number of fatalities. This clearly suggests that additional public health measures are needed to address the epidemic of motor vehicle trauma in Jamaica.


Objetivo: Las heridas producidas en accidentes en vehículos motorizados (AVM) constituyen uno de los principales desafíos para el sistema de atención a la salud en Jamaica. En noviembre de 1999, Jamaica aprobó una legislación que obligada al uso del cinturón de seguridad en vehículos motorizados. El efecto de este cambio de política sobre el uso del cinturón de seguridad no está claro. Por lo tanto, este estudio busca determinar la prevalencia del uso del cinturón de seguridad y determinar la asociación entre exposición/no exposición a la ley obligatoria de cinturón de seguridad y el uso del cinturón de seguridad en sujetos que acudieron al Departamento de Accidentes y Emergencia (A&E) del Hospital Universitario de West Indies (HUWI) como resultado de un accidente vehicular. Métodos: Los sujetos fueron reclutados de junio a noviembre de 2003, período posterior a la ley de cinturón de seguridad (PLCS), y de mayo a octubre de 1999, período anterior a la ley de cinturón de seguridad (ALCS) Los datos recopilados incluyeron las variables demográficas, el uso de cinturón de seguridad, y la posición de los ocupantes del vehículo. Resultados: De los 277 pacientes que eran elegibles para ser incluidos, se completaron los datos de 258 sujetos, 87 en el período ALCS y 717 en el período PLCS. La prevalencia del uso del cinturón de seguridad fue 47% (ALCS) y 63% (PLCS) respectivamente. No hubo diferencia significativa de género en ninguno de los períodos. Las probabilidades de uso del cinturón de seguridad fueron significativamente más bajas para los ocupantes del asiento trasero que para el conductor del auto (Tabla 3, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07, 0.48). Ajustando por edad, género y posición en exposición vehicular, hubo un aumento de alrededor del 100% en las probabilidades de uso del cinturón de seguridad durante la era posterior a la ley del uso del cinturón de seguridad (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.21, 3.61). Conclusión: A partir de este estudio basado en datos de hospital, se llegó a la conclusión de que la legislación de la ley del uso obligatorio del cinturón de seguridad, estuvo asociada con el aumento del uso del cinturón de seguridad en víctimas de accidentes con vehículos motorizados. Sin embargo, los datos actuales de la Agencia del Tráfico de Carreteras, indican que existe todavía un número alarmante de casos fatales. Esto sugiere a todas luces la necesidad de medidas de salud pública adicionales para abordar la epidemia de traumas por accidentes de vehículos en Jamaica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Automobiles/legislation & jurisprudence , Seat Belts/legislation & jurisprudence , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Safety Management , Social Marketing , Health Promotion , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobiles/standards , Seat Belts/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Jamaica , Health Surveys , Health Policy , Prevalence , Pilot Projects , Surveys and Questionnaires
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