ABSTRACT
La imaginación narrativa creadora es una formación psicológica de la niñez que posibilita que los niños vean las cosas desde el punto de vista del otro. En el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) esta formación psicológica tiene comprometido su desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar de qué manera se desarrolla la imaginación narrativa creadora en un niño con TEA. Esta investigación es de diseño pre-test post-test. La intervención se fundamentó en el uso de las actividades de lectura compartida de literatura infantil y juego narrativo a partir de una interacción comunicativa intencionada con una duración de tres años. Los resultados mostraron que las actividades de lectura compartida de literatura infantil y juego narrativo posibilitaron que el niño con TEA creara vínculos afectivos y que encontrara su propia voz para expresar su mundo interior, usando el lenguaje en un profundo dinamismo de interacciones comunicativas y sociales (utilizando para ello, el lenguaje verbal, no verbal y gestual, así como los silencios). Por consiguiente, tales actividades permitieron el desarrollo de la imaginación narrativa creadora, lo que contribuye a la prevención de dificultades de salud mental en el niño con TEA.
The creative narrative imagination is a psychological formation of childhood that enables children to see things from the other's point of view. In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this psychological training has its development compromised. The purpose of this article is to explain how creative narrative imagination develops in a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This research is of pre-test - posttest design. The intervention used shared reading activities of children's literature and narrative play based on an intentional interaction for three years. The results show that these activities enable the child with ASD to create emotional bonds and to find his or her voice to express his or her inner world using language. Therefore, they allow the full development of creative narrative imagination, which contributes to the prevention of mental health difficulties in children with ASD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Reading , Bibliotherapy/methods , Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Imagination , Play and Playthings , Mental Health , EmotionsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los elementos de la lectura que nos implican más poderosamente en esta actividad y su relación con la salud. Para esto se diseñó y distribuyó una encuesta entre personas que habitualmente leen, pertenecientes a las Comunidades autónomas de Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid y Asturias. En esta, los encuestados tenían que valorar aquellos aspectos que consideraban más importantes para ellos respecto a la lectura: tranquilidad, diversión, información y otros. Recogidas y analizadas 255 respuestas, los resultados pusieron de relieve que por encima de las funciones tradicionales relacionadas con las actividades formativas e informativas, lo que más valoran los encuestados son los aspectos protectores de la lectura, como paliar la soledad, evitar pensamientos negativos y gestionar mejor las emociones(AU)
The aim of this study was to try to identify the elements of reading that involve us most powerfully in this activity, in order to determine how reading habits affect health. To this end, a survey was designed and distributed among people who habitually read, from the Autonomous Communities of Castilla y León, Extremadura, Madrid, and Asturias. In this, the respondents had to assess those aspects that they considered most important for them regarding reading: tranquility, fun, information, and others. Collected and analyzed 255 responses, the results highlight that, above traditional functions related to training and information, the respondents valued most the healing aspects of reading, such as alleviating loneliness, avoiding negative thoughts and managing emotions better(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Bibliotherapy/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Planning , Spain , Pessimism/psychology , Loneliness/psychologyABSTRACT
A biblioterapia é um processo de leitura que auxilia as pessoas a controlarem seus sentimentos e assim buscarem estratégias para resolver seus problemas tanto de ordem psicológica quanto física. A partir dessa afirmação e sabendo da necessidade de aprofundamento nessa área, apresentamos uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema no contexto nacional e norte-americano. Buscamos apresentar uma breve descrição do processo de leitura, em especial da leitura terapêutica e de sua aplicação nas práticas biblioterapêuticas. No Brasil, os projetos de biblioterapia revelaram práticas voltadas para a leitura de livros, música, desenhos e outros instrumentos em escolas, asilos, hospitais, etc. Os norte-americanos utilizaram como instrumento em seus projetos fundamentalmente a leitura de livros. Percebe-se que a biblioterapia possui resultados positivos nos dois países. Concluímos que a prática da biblioterapia contribui para melhorar a qualidade de vida.
Bibliotherapy is a reading process, which helps people to control their feelings so that they can seek strategies to solve their psychological and physical problems. From this statement, and knowing the benefits this area would achieve by going further on research, a review of the literature in bibliotherapy was made,focusing on Brazil and United States. We attempted to provide a short description of the process of reading, particularly the therapeutic reading and its use in bibliotherapeutic practices. In Brazil, the projects inthe field of bibliotherapy demonstrated activities using books, music, drawings and other instruments inschools, nursing homes, hospitals, and so on... North Americans, on the other hand, fundamentally usedthe books as tool on their projects. It is possible to note that bibliotherapy has positive results in both countries. We have come to the conclusion that the bibliotherapy contributes to improve the quality of life.
La biblioterapia es un proceso de lectura que ayuda a las personas a controlar sus sentimientos y así buscar estrategias que puedan resolver sus problemas tanto psicológicos como físicos. A partir de esta declaracióny conociendo la necesidad de un mayor desarrollo en este campo de actividad, presentamos una revisión literaria sobre el tema de la biblioterapia en el contexto de Brasil y de Estados Unidos. Se buscó presentar una breve descripción del proceso de la lectura, especialmente la lectura terapéutica y su aplicación en las prácticas biblioterapéuticas. En Brasil, los proyectos de biblioterapia presentaron prácticas destinadas a la lectura de libros, música, dibujos y otros instrumentos en las escuelas, asilos, hospitales, etc. Los norteamericanos utilizaron fundamentalmente la lectura de libros como una herramienta en sus proyectos.Se observa que la biblioterapia tiene resultados positivos en ambos países. Concluimos que la práctica de biblioterapia ayuda a mejorar la calidad de vida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Bibliotherapy/methods , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Reading , Brazil , Bibliotherapy/history , Problem Solving , Review Literature as Topic , United StatesABSTRACT
Although pharmacological treatment constitutes the main therapeutic approach for depression, non-pharmacological treatments (self-care or psychotherapeutic approach) are usually regarded as more essential therapeutic approaches in clinical practice. However, there have been few clinical practice guidelines concerning self-care or psychotherapy in the management of depression. This study introduces the 'Evidence-Based, Non-Pharmacological Treatment Guideline for Depression in Korea.' For the first time, a guideline was developed for non-pharmacological treatments for Korean adults with mild-to-moderate depression. The guideline development process consisted of establishing several key questions related to non-pharmacologic treatments of depression, searching the literature for studies which answer these questions, assessing the evidence level of each selected study, drawing up draft recommendation, and peer review. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network grading system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. As a result of this process, the guideline recommends exercise therapy, bibliotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, short-term psychodynamic supportive psychotherapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy as the non-pharmacological treatments for adult patients with mild-to-moderate depression in Korea. Hence, it is necessary to develop specific methodologies for several non-pharmacological treatment for Korean adults with depression.