ABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Rapid and accurate tuberculosis detection is critical for improving patient diagnosis and decreasing tuberculosis transmission. Molecular assays can significantly increase laboratory costs; therefore, the average time and economic impact should be evaluated before implementing a new technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost and average turnaround time of smear microscopy and Xpert assay at a university hospital. METHODS: The turnaround time and cost of the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis were calculated based on the mean cost and activity based costing (ABC). RESULTS: The average turnaround time for smear microscopy was 16.6 hours while that for Xpert was 24.1 hours. The Xpert had a mean cost of USD 17.37 with an ABC of USD 10.86, while smear microscopy had a mean cost of USD 13.31 with an ABC of USD 6.01. The sensitivity of smear microscopy was 42.9% and its specificity was 99.1%, while the Xpert assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The Xpert assay has high accuracy; however, the turnaround time and cost of smear microscopy were lower than those of Xpert.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Biological Assay/economics , Pathology, Molecular/economics , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/economics , Biological Assay/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Costs and Cost Analysis , Pathology, Molecular/methods , Microscopy , Mycobacterium tuberculosisABSTRACT
The present article reports on the comparative cost of using the Bovine Serum Albumin as an assay for detecting natural products with anti-inflammatory activities relative to the use of animals. This is an addendum to the West Indian Medical Journal article; 2008; 57 (4); 327-31.
El presente artículo consiste en un reporte comparativo del costo del uso de la albúmina de suero bovino en forma de ensayo para detectar productos naturales con actividad anti-inflamatoria en relación con el uso animal. El mismo constituye un apéndice al artículo de West Indian Medical Journal, 2008; 57 (4); 327-31.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Biological Assay , Serum Albumin, Bovine/analysis , Animal Testing Alternatives/economics , Biological Assay/economics , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Five simple and rapid methods for evaluation of sorghum and pearl millet transgenics resistant to herbicide phosphinothricin (used as selectable marker) were studied. For rapid in vitro selection, three assays (establishment of sensitivity curves for embryogenic calli, determination of lethal doses for seed germination, and a rapid screening of cut young leaves based on the colour change of the medium) were established. For rapid screening of transgenic progeny, effects of in vivo Basta leaf spray and dip tests were studied at three different morphological stages. For all the above assays, LD50, and LD100 values were higher for pearl millet than sorghum. However, in both the crops, genotype effect was not significant. The assays standardized in the study were found to be effective for rapid, economical and mass-scale identification and characterization of transgenic plants of sorghum and pearl millet.