Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Personal Protective Equipment , Respiratory Protective Devices , Body Fluids/virology , Computer Simulation , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Health Personnel , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/transmission , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/transmission , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Systematic Reviews as TopicSubject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/isolation & purification , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Acute Disease , Body Fluids/virology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Esophagus/virology , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/classification , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/virology , Pharynx/virology , Reproducibility of Results , RNA, Viral/analysis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentation , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentation , Sensitivity and Specificity , Specimen Handling , Vaccination/veterinary , Viral Vaccines/immunologyABSTRACT
Health care workers [HCWs] are at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses in the course of their work. Over 90% of these infections are occurring in low-income countries and most are preventable. However, the situation in the teaching hospitals has always been thought to be much better than the public health facilities in other hospitals. The focus of the study was on assessing the exposure frequency amongst HCWs in a teaching hospital in the Sukkur. Cross-Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Ghulam Mohammad Mahar Medical College Hospital, Sukkur, Sindh from November 2011 to December 2011. A cross-sectional survey amongst HCWs involved in collecting blood samples and administering injections in all wards of the hospital was conducted. Selection of study participants was by simple random sampling. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered by unlinked, anonymous method. Total sample studied was 70. The proportion of HCWs experiencing exposure to blood body fluid splash [BBF] and needle stick injury [NSI] during last one week was 47.1% and 31.43%, respectively. The incidence density of BBF exposure was 537.14 per 100 person years and that of NSI episodes was 228.57 per 100 person years. The reasons for not using personal protective equipment [PPE] ranged from busy schedule [37.14%], non use of PPE by co-workers [67.14%], emergencies [91.43%] risk that patients may get offended by PPE use by HCWs [27.14%] to discomfort while using PPE [24.29%]. All components of PPE were available as per only 34.24 percent. The high level of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids and consequent risk of infection amongst a group of HCWs in the Teaching Hospital highlights the urgent need for interventions to enhance to the occupational safety of workers