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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 368-373, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440329

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: To investigate if the administration of boric acid (BA) would exert any protective effect against possible nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by the exposure to acrylamide (ACR) in rats. In our study, we used a total of 28 rats that were divided into four equal groups. Group 1: the control group which was not treated with any procedure. Group 2: the ACR group that was administered ACR 50 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal (i.p) route for 14 days. Group 3: the BA group that was administered BA 200 mg/kg/ day via gavage via peroral (p.o) route for 14 days. Group 4: the ACR+BA group that was administered BA simultaneously with ACR. Total antioxidant and oxidant (TAS/TOS) capacities were measured in all groups at the end of the experiment. In addition, the specimens obtained were evaluated with histopathological examination. Studies showed that the ACR and ACr+BA groups were not significantly different in terms of hepatic TAS level while the TOS level was higher in the ACR group than the ACR+BA group. The groups did not show any significant difference regarding renal TAS and TOS levels. In the histopathological examination of the hepatic tissue, the histopathological injury score of the ACR group was significantly higher than those of the other groups whereas it was significantly lower in the ACR+BA group than the ACR group. Our study concluded that Boric acid had a protective effect against acrylamide- induced hepatotoxicity, but not against nephrotoxicity.


El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si la administración de ácido bórico (BA) ejercería algún efecto protector frente a la posible nefrotoxicidad y hepatotoxicidad inducida por la exposición a acrilamida (ACR) en ratas. En nuestro estudio, utilizamos un total de 28 ratas que se dividieron en cuatro grupos iguales. Grupo 1: grupo control que no fue tratado. Grupo 2: grupo ACR al que se le administró ACR 50 mg/kg/día por vía intraperitoneal (i.p) durante 14 días. Grupo 3: grupo BA al que se le administró BA 200 mg/kg/día por sonda por vía peroral (p.o) durante 14 días. Grupo 4: grupo ACR+BA al que se administró BA simultáneamente con ACR. Las capacidades antioxidantes y oxidantes totales (TAS/TOS) se midieron en todos los grupos al final del experimento. Además, los especímenes obtenidos fueron evaluados con examen histopatológico. Los estudios demostraron que los grupos ACR y ACr+BA no fueron significativamente diferentes en términos del nivel hepático de TAS, mientras que el nivel de TOS fue mayor en el grupo ACR que en el grupo ACR+BA. Los grupos no mostraron ninguna diferencia significativa con respecto a los niveles renales de TAS y TOS. En el examen histopatológico del tejido hepático, la puntuación de lesión histopatológica del grupo ACR fue significativamente mayor que la de los otros grupos, mientras que fue significativamente menor en el grupo ACR+BA que en el grupo ACR. Nuestro estudio concluyó que el ácido bórico tiene un efecto protector contra la hepatotoxicidad inducida por acrilamida, pero no contra la nefrotoxicidad.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Boric Acids/administration & dosage , Acrylamide/toxicity , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control , Biochemistry , Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Acute Kidney Injury/pathology , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/physiopathology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/physiopathology
2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 84(3): 332-337, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951831

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Boric acid, which has antiseptic and acidic properties, is used to treat external and middle ear infections. However, we have not found any literature about the effect of boric acid powder on middle ear mucosa and inner ear. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate possible ototoxic effects of boric acid powder on cochlear outer hair cell function and histological changes in middle ear mucosa in a rat animal model. Methods: Twenty healthy, mature Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, each of which consisted of 10 rats. Initially, the animals in each group underwent distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing of their right and left ears. After the first distortion product otoacoustic emissions test, a surgical microscope was used to make a small perforation in both ears of the rats in each group, and a second distortion product otoacoustic emissions test was used to measure both ears in all of the rats. Boric acid powder was applied to the right middle ear of the rats using tympanic membrane perforation, and the distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured immediately after the boric acid powder application. The histological changes and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were evaluated three days later in Group A and 40 days later in Group B. Results: No significant differences were found at all of the distortion product otoacoustic emissions frequencies. In Group A, mild inflammation of the middle ear mucosa was found on the third day after boric acid powder application. In Group B, boric acid powder caused mild inflammatory changes on the 40th day, which declined over time. Those changes did not lead to significant fibrosis within the mucosa. Conclusion: In rats, boric acid powder causes mild inflammation in middle ear mucosa and it has no ototoxic effects on cochlear outer hair cell function in the inner ear of rats.


Resumo Introdução: O ácido bórico, que tem propriedades antissépticas e ácidas, é usado para tratar infecções de orelha externa e média. No entanto, não encontramos literatura sobre o efeito do ácido bórico em pó sobre a mucosa da orelha interna e da orelha média. Objetivo: Investigar possíveis efeitos ototóxicos do ácido bórico em pó sobre a função das células ciliadas externas cocleares e alterações histológicas na mucosa da orelha média em um modelo animal de rato. Método: Vinte ratos Wistar albinos maduros e saudáveis foram usados neste estudo. Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos, Grupo A e Grupo B, cada um dos quais com 10 ratos. Inicialmente, os animais de cada grupo foram submetidos a testes de emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção, nas orelhas direita e esquerda. Após o primeiro teste de emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção, utilizou-se um microscópio cirúrgico para fazer uma pequena perfuração em ambas as orelhas dos ratos em cada grupo, e um segundo teste de emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção foi utilizado para medir e avaliar as orelhas em todos os ratos. O ácido bórico em pó foi aplicado na orelha média direita dos ratos utilizando perfuração da membrana timpânica e as emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção foram medidas imediatamente após a aplicação de ácido bórico em pó. As alterações histológicas e emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção foram avaliadas três dias depois no Grupo A e 40 dias depois no Grupo B. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em todas as frequências da emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção. No Grupo A, foi observada uma ligeira inflamação da mucosa da orelha média no terceiro dia após a aplicação de ácido bórico em pó. No Grupo B, o ácido bórico em pó causou leves alterações inflamatórias após 40 dias, que diminuíram ao longo do tempo. Essas alterações não levaram à fibrose significativa da mucosa. Conclusão: Em ratos, o ácido bórico em pó causa inflamação leve na mucosa da orelha média e não tem efeitos ototóxicos na função das células ciliadas externas da cóclea na orelha interna.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Tympanic Membrane/drug effects , Boric Acids/toxicity , Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects , Insecticides/toxicity , Ear, Inner/drug effects , Tympanic Membrane/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Ear, Inner/pathology
3.
Cell Journal [Yakhteh]. 2016; 18 (1): 62-73
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-178847

ABSTRACT

Objective: Boron [B] is essential for plant development and might be an essential micronutrient for animals and humans. This study was conducted to characterize the impact of boric acid [BA] on the cellular and molecular nature of differentiated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [BMSCs]


Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, BMSCs were extracted and expanded to the 3rd passage, then cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium [DMEM] complemented with osteogenic media as well as 6 ng/ml and 6 µg/ml of BA. After 5, 10, 15 and 21 days the viability and the level of mineralization was determined using MTT assay and alizarin red respectively. In addition, the morphology, nuclear diameter and cytoplasmic area of the cells were studied with the help of fluorescent dye. The concentration of calcium, activity of alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] as well as sodium and potassium levels were also evaluated using commercial kits and a flame photometer respectively


Results: Although 6 microg/ml of BA was found to be toxic, a concentration of 6 ng/ml increased the osteogenic ability of the cell significantly throughout the treatment. In addition it was observed that B treatment caused the early induction of matrix mineralization compared to controls


Conclusion: Although more investigation is required, we suggest the prescription of a very low concentration of B in the form of BA or foods containing BA, in groups at high risk of osteoporosis or in the case of bone fracture


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Alkaline Phosphatase , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Rats, Wistar , Bone Marrow , Boric Acids
4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 14(3): 7-7, May 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602984

ABSTRACT

Colemanite is one of the most important underground riches of Turkey, having approximately 60 percent of the world boron deposits, and it has a large portion in the deposits. In this study, chemical leaching and biological leaching methods were used for production of boric acid from colemanite (2CaO · 3B3O3 · 5H2O) (Emet-Kütahya, Turkey). Oxalic acid concentration, temperature, stirring time and solid-to-liquid ratio were taken as parameters in the chemical leaching process. It was found that the dissolution rate increases with increasing oxalic acid concentration and temperature but it decreases at higher solid-to-liquid ratios in the chemical leaching process. Using optimum conditions (d100 = 0.075 mm; 5 percent solids by weight; 0.55 M oxalic acid; 80 +/- 2 ºC leaching temperature; 150 rpm stirring speed; 90 min leaching time) for colemanite sample (28.05 percent B2O3) on chemical leaching with oxalic acid experiments, the calculated boric acid extraction efficiency from colemanite ore was 97.89 percent. Optimum conditions on bioleaching of Emet-Kütahya, Turkey colemanite ores using the fungus Aspergillus niger were found to be as follows: reaction temperature 25 +/- 2ºC; solid-to-liquid ratio 5 percent solids by weight; d100 = 0.075 mm; stirring speed 150 rpm; initial the fungus populations in the inocula about 3 x 10(7) cells/ml and reaction time 21 days. The calculated boric acid extraction efficiency from colemanite ore was 90.18 percent under the optimum conditions. Bioleachate contained 12.95 g/l B2O3, 6.60 g/l Ca and 0.087 g/l Mg. Compared with chemical leaching at 5 percent pulp density, the fungus was less efficient in the extraction of B2O3 from colemanite but the difference in the extraction yields between the two processes was less than 10 percent. Although bioleaching generally requires a longer period of operation compared to chemical leaching, these results suggest that bioleaching by A...


Subject(s)
Aspergillus niger/chemistry , Borates , Boric Acids , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Kinetics , Minerals , Oxalic Acid , Temperature , Time Factors , Turkey
5.
Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011; 27 (2): 39-41
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-118263

ABSTRACT

To compare the efficacy of 4% boric acid solution in alcohol and 1% clotrimazole in treatment of otomycosis. Randomized control trial. ENT department, CMH Rawalpindi from 21 July 2007 to 20 January 2008. In this study, 252 patients of otomycosis were selected through random sampling technique. Selected patients were allocated into two equal groups; A and B. Group [A] was treated with topical 4% boric acid solution in alcohol ear drops and Group [B] was given 1% clotrimazole ear drops for control of otomycosis. Comparison of both the drugs was evaluating the variables; ear itching, and presence or absence of fungal debris on otoscopy at day 7. Out of 126 cases of group A, fungal debris was absent in 101 [80.2%] cases as compared to only 63 [50%] cases in group B at day 7[P value<0.05]. Itching control was gauged as marked, mild and no improvement at day 7. After 1 week of treatment, itching control in group A was following; marked improvement in 50[39.7%] cases, mild in 46[36.5%] and no improvement in 30[23.8%] cases. In group B, 20[15.9%] cases had marked improvement, 56[44.4%] mild improvement and 50 [39.7%] patients had no improvement after 1 week of treatment [P value<0.05]. 4% boric acid solution in alcohol is a better remedy in terms of alleviating symptoms of otomycosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Boric Acids , Clotrimazole , Treatment Outcome
6.
Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2011; 8 (4): 361-366
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-124819

ABSTRACT

Food additives are the substances that are intentionally added to modify visual appearance, taste, texture, processing or the storage life of food. There has been significant controversy associated with the risks and benefits of food additives. The effect of different concentrations of food additives viz. boric acid and sunset yellow on the chromosomes of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. was investigated. Four concentrations of the two food additives [0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%] were used for 3 hours. All concentrations of boric acid and sunset yellow showed mitoinhibitory effect in root tips of Trigonella foenum-graecum and increase in chromosomal aberrations. Various types of metaphasic and anaphasic aberrations were scored and it was found that metaphasic aberrations were more prominent than the anaphasic aberrations. The most observed aberrations induced by boric acid were stickiness at metaphase, bridges at anaphase, stickiness at anaphase, and scattering at metaphase, while the most prevalent aberrations caused by sunset yellow were precocious movement, unorientation at anaphase, scattering at metaphase and unorientation at metaphase. The result of present study clearly establishes the genotoxic behavior of boric acid and sunset yellow


Subject(s)
Boric Acids/toxicity , Chromosome Aberrations , Trigonella , Meristem
7.
Clinics ; 64(8): 735-741, 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-523991

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to identify practices of self-medication in the treatment of ocular emergencies. We examine patients' use of both homemade preparations and manufactured products before seeking specialized care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analytic survey of consecutive patients seen in the ophthalmology emergency room of a teaching hospital. RESULTS: The sample included 561 subjects, 51.3 percent males and 48.7 percent females, with a mean age of 39.8 years. Prior to seeking emergency care, 40.5 percent reported self-medicating; 29.4 percent used a homemade preparation (13.9 percent referred to an industrialized product like boric acid as a homemade preparation), and 11.1 percent used a manufactured product. The most frequently used products included a boric acid solution (53.3 percent), a normal saline solution (35.7 percent), herbal infusions (6.1 percent) and breast milk (4.8 percent). Viral conjunctivitis was the most frequent diagnosis (24.4 percent), followed by the presence of a corneal foreign body (7.4 percent). No significant differences were found in the self-treatment of ocular injuries according to gender (p = 0.95), level of education (p = 0.21) or age (p = 0.14). In addition, self-medication practices were not related to the medically judged severity of the condition. CONCLUSION: Patients often attempt to treat conditions that require ophthalmologic emergency care by self-medicating with homemade or manufactured products. The most widely used products include boric acid, normal saline, leaf infusions and breast milk. This behavior occurs independently of educational level, gender, age or the nature of the ocular condition. Self-medication is a culturally driven practice that is used even in cases of acute ocular injuries.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Conjunctivitis, Viral/drug therapy , Eye Foreign Bodies/drug therapy , Self Medication , Boric Acids/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Conjunctivitis, Viral/epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital , Eye Foreign Bodies/epidemiology , Home Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Milk, Human , Nonprescription Drugs/classification , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Ophthalmology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Self Medication/classification , Self Medication/statistics & numerical data , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Young Adult
8.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 11(2): 196-201, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-614846

ABSTRACT

A espécie Sapium glandulatum, conhecida vulgarmente como leiteiro, é uma das espécies nativas potencialmente recomendada para a recuperação de áreas degradadas, devido principalmente ao seu caráter pioneiro, além de possivelmente possuir características medicinais, uma vez que a família Euphorbiaceae, a qual pertence, é rica em compostos fenólicos. Em abril/2000 e dezembro/2000 foram conduzidos experimentos em casa-de-vegetação para verificar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de ácido indolilbutírico (AIB), em solução concentrada (10 segundos de imersão), solução diluída (16 horas de imersão) e em talco, associadas ou não ao ácido bórico, no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de Sapium glandulatum. As estacas foram confeccionadas a partir de brotações do ano, coletadas de plantas matrizes localizadas no município de Bocaiúva do Sul -PR, mantendo- as com comprimento de cerca de 10 cm e 2 folhas apicais reduzidas à metade. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 0, 4000, 6000 e 8000 mg L-1 de AIB, sozinhos e em associação com 150 mg L-1 de ácido bórico (solução concentrada), 0, 200 e 400 mg L-1 de AIB, sozinhos e em associação com 150 mg L-1 ácido bórico (solução diluída) e 0, 4000, 6000 e 8000 mg L-1 de AIB, na forma de talco. Pelos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que, após 70 dias em casa-de-vegetação, a melhor época para coleta das estacas correspondeu à instalação realizada em dezembro/2000 (verão), onde o tratamento com 8000 mg L-1 de AIB, em solução concentrada, proporcionou o maior percentual de enraizamento (14 por cento), porém não diferindo significativamente dos demais tratamentos. A utilização da solução diluída não se mostrou promissora para a indução do sistema radicial devido à alta mortalidade das estacas. Os tratamentos com AIB veiculados em talco não superaram os resultados obtidos pelos melhores tratamentos para estacas enraizadas em solução concentrada, não sendo um método recomendável para o aumento da indução radicial de Sapium glandulatum. Pelo exposto, pode-se considerar que estacas de brotações do ano desta espécie não são indicadas para sua propagação vegetativa, de acordo com os tratamentos realizados.


The species Sapium glandulatum, commonly known as "leiteiro", is one of the Brazilian native species potentially recommended for the recovery of degraded areas, mainly due to its pioneering character and probable medicinal properties since its family, Euphorbiaceae, is rich in phenolic compounds. In April/2000 and December/2001, experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to investigate the effects of different indolebutyric acid (IBA) levels in concentrated solution (10 seconds immersion), diluted solution (16 hours immersion) and as talc, associated or not with boric acid, on the rooting of Sapium glandulatum semi-hardwood cuttings. The latter were produced from sproutings of the year collected from stock plants located in Bocaiúva do Sul, Paraná State, Brazil. The length of each cutting was about 10 cm, with 2 half apical leaves. The following treatments were evaluated: 0, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L-1 IBA, alone and with 150 mg L-1 boric acid (concentrated solution); 0, 200 and 400 mg L-1 IBA, alone and with 150 mg L-1 boric acid (diluted solution); and 0, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L-1 IBA as talc. After 70 days in greenhouse, the best period for cutting collection was December/2000 (summer), and 8000 mg L-1 IBA in concentrated solution led to the highest rooting percentage (14 percent), although not significantly different from the remaining treatments. The diluted solution did not show promising results for root system induction due to the high mortality of cuttings. The results for IBA as talc were not higher than those for the best treatments in concentrated solution, which indicates this method is not recommended to increase Sapium glandulatum rooting induction. Thus, sprouting cuttings of the year from this species are not recommended for its vegetative propagation, according to the evaluated treatments.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/classification , Methods , Euphorbiaceae/classification , Sapium/classification , Boric Acids/analysis
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(2): 201-207, mar.-abr. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453156

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as condições de uso de água boricada e verificar a contaminação dos frascos e seu conteúdo. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados, por critério de conveniência, quarenta e dois pacientes, usuários de água boricada, que compareceram ao Pronto-Socorro de Oftalmologia do Hospital São Paulo, em fevereiro e março de 2003. Foi colhido material para cultura do saco conjuntival, da superfície interna da borda do frasco, da superfície interna da tampa, além de 1 ml de solução do frasco. RESULTADOS: Dos 42 recipientes de água boricada, 17 (40,5 por cento) apresentavam contaminação, sendo 1 (2,4 por cento) no conteúdo liquido, 17 (40,5 por cento) na parte interna da tampa e 6 (14,3 por cento) na parte interna da borda do frasco. Dos 17 frascos contaminados, 10 (58,8 por cento) tiveram suas tampas manuseadas de maneira inadequada e 13 (76,5 por cento) frascos já haviam sido usados em outras ocasiões. Os microrganismos mais encontrados nas tampas e bordas foram Staphylococcus sp (69,6 por cento) e bacilos Gram-positivos (26,1 por cento). Dezesseis (38,1 por cento) frascos foram abertos há mais de um mês e, destes, 5 (31,3 por cento) apresentaram contaminação. A instrução de uso nos rótulos dos frascos era inconsistente. A utilização de água boricada foi por conta própria, por indicação de amigos ou parentes em 26 (61,9 por cento) casos; indicação de farmacêuticos em 8 (19,0 por cento); de oftalmologistas em 5 (11,9 por cento) e de clínicos gerais em 3 (7,1 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A indicação de uso tópico oftálmico de água boricada foi feita, na maioria, por leigos. Os frascos, em geral, eram manipulados de maneira inadequada, apresentando contaminação em uma proporção de casos muito maior do que a contaminação do líquido. Essa porcentagem menor de contaminação do conteúdo provavelmente está associada às características anti-sépticas do produto.


PURPOSE: To evaluate use conditions and detect contamination in bottles of boric acid solution. METHODS: A convenience sample of 42 recruited patients using boric acid solution came to the Ophthalmology Emergency Room of the São Paulo Hospital from February to March of 2003. Cultures were taken from material of the conjunctival sac, inner surface of bottle edge, inner part of cap and from 1 ml of boric acid solution of each bottle. RESULTS: Of the 42 boric acid solution bottles, 17 (40.5 percent) showed contamination: 1 (2.4 percent) in the solution, 17 (40.5 percent) in the inner cap and 6 (14.3 percent) in the inner part of the bottle edge. Of the 17 contaminated bottles, 10 (58.8 percent) were handled inappropriately and 13 (76.5 percent) of the bottles were not discharged after first use. The most common microorganisms found in the caps and edges of the bottles were Staphylococcus sp (69.6 percent), followed by Gram-positive bacillus (26.1 percent). Sixteen bottles (38.1 percent) had been opened more than a month ago and 5 (31.3 percent) of those showed contamination. The boric acid solution bottle directions shown on the labels were incomplete and not clear. The use of boric acid solution was on recommendation of their own, friends or relatives in 26 (61.9 percent) cases; pharmacists in 8 (19.0 percent) cases, ophthalmologists in 5 (11.9 percent) cases and general practitioners in 3 (7.1 percent) cases. CONCLUSION: In most cases, the topic use of boric acid solution was recommended by non-physicians. The bottles, in general, were handled inappropriately, and hence presented a much higher level of contamination that did the boric acid solution inside. The lower level of contamination in the solution is possibly associated with the anti-septic characteristics of the boric acid solution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Boric Acids/therapeutic use , Conjunctival Diseases/drug therapy , Drug Contamination , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Colony Count, Microbial , Conjunctiva/virology , Drug Packaging , Drug Prescriptions , Drug Storage , Drug Labeling/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification
10.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences ; (12): 78-83, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-249885

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the function of a novel biosensor used for the rapid determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) which is developed by our research group based on suspended immobilized microbial cell system in a completely mixed determining chamber as a substitute of the traditional membrane system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Activated sludge was immobilized by PVA gel and used as a bio-sensing element. The novel biosensor was used to measure the short time BOD value and the conventional cultivation method was used for BOD5 measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A linear relationship was observed for the difference between the current and the concentration of glucose-glutamic acid (GGA) solution below 200 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. The optimal response of the sensor was obtained at pH 7.0 and 30 degrees C. The sensor response was within 15 min and was reproducible within +/- 5% of the mean in a series of eight samples containing 75 mg/L BOD using standard GGA solution. The novel sensor response was found to be fairly constant over a period of 30 days, with +/- 5% fluctuations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A relatively good agreement is found between BOD estimated by the novel BOD biosensor and that determined by the conventional 5-day BOD method. This novel BOD biosensor has good sensitivity, stability and reproducibility.</p>


Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , Boric Acids , Chemistry , Glucose , Metabolism , Glutamic Acid , Metabolism , Oxygen , Metabolism , Polyvinyl Alcohol , Chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Sewage , Microbiology , Temperature
11.
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry. 1998; 41 (1-6): 277-98
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-47915

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic brake fluid is an area for considerable research effort. These fluids must possess high chemical and thermal stability, low corrosivity and high degree of water tolerance. These fluids are formulated from base, diluent and additives. Different structures, based on tri- and bis-borate as well as phosphate esters of hydraulic brake fluids are reported in the literature. [1] The incompatibility, deterioration, easy oxidation and instability are disadvantages of some of the above mentioned compounds. Their use is handicapped by the fact that a wide range of suitable properties cannot be attained.[1,2] Accordingly, the idea for the preparation ol triphosphate-borate ester was originated. We presumed that they may exhibit excellent properties of high degree of compatibility with other hydraulic brake fluids, high stability and are useful under a wide variety of climatic and operational conditions. We also predict that they meet the standard specifications


Subject(s)
Borates/chemistry , Boric Acids , Phosphoric Acids , Esters , Ethanol , Toluene
13.
Bol. micol ; 7(1/2): 55-8, jul.-dic. 1992. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-153171

ABSTRACT

El ácido bórico fué analizado en las concentraciones de 0,25 porciento; 0,5 porciento y 1,0 porciento, demostrando su eficacia al inhibir el crecimiento de Aspergillus flavus (NRRL 3251 y NRRL 5520) y Aspergillus parasiticus (UNBF A12 y NRRL 2999), como tambien la producción de aflatoxinas. Los resultados sugieren que este aditivo es eficiente en el control de hongos del grupo A. flavus inhibiendo el crecimiento de los mismos en la concentración máxima permitida por la legislación brasileña (0,5 porciento)


Subject(s)
Boric Acids/pharmacology , Aflatoxins/antagonists & inhibitors , Aspergillus flavus/drug effects , Aspergillus/drug effects , Pest Control
14.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 48(3): 124-8, mar. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-94908

ABSTRACT

Foram tratados 25 pacientes portadores de uma ou mais úlceras de estase em membros inferiores. A insuficiência venosa crônica foi o diagnóstico angiológico principal em 21 (84%) pacientes. Diabetes mellitus, hipertensäo arterial, linfedema e insuficiência mais freqüentes. Dos 25 pacientes avaliados, sete (28%) apresentavam apenas uma úlcera, mais sete (28%) duas úlceras, outros sete (28%) três ulceras e, finalmente, quatro pacientes (16% do total) apresentavam quatro úlceras; assim, foram avaliadas 58 úlceras, com um tempo médio de evoluçäo de 57,7% ñ 102,4 meses (x ñ d.p.). A associaçäo alúmen amonical, ácido salicílico bórico - medicaçäo sob avaliaçäo - foi utilizada na forma de banhos. Os pacientes faziam um banho diário da(s) úlcera(s), durante dez minutos, todos os dias, utilizando compressas de pano, embebendo-as na soluçäo e colocando-as sobre a(s) úlcera(s). Todos os pacientes foram avaliados, ao serem incluídos no estudo, após 30, 60 e 90 dias de tratamento. A avaliaçäo final (três pacientes - correspondendo a um total de dez úlceras - foram excluídos, por näo cumprimento do protocolo estabelecido) demosntrou: boa tolerabilidade tecidual à soluçäo estudada em todos os pacientes, cicatrizaçäo completa de 18 úlceras (38% das úlceras avaliadas), > ou = 50% de reduçäo no tamanho de 28 úlceras (58,3% das úlceras avaliadas), cicatrizaçäo completa das úlceras (um total de 14 úlceras) em sete pacientes, granulaçäo do fundo em todas as úlceras, epitelizaçäo dos quatro bordos em 12 úlceras (40% do total das úlceras que näo apresentavam cicatrizaçäo completa após 90 dias de tratamento), reduçäo (ou desaparecimento) estatisticamente signficativa no número de pacientes com edema ou cianose dos membros inferiores (p < 0,01). Podemos concluir, a partir desses resultados, que essa associaçäo (alúmen amoniacal, ácido salicílico e ácido bórico) é uma boa opçäo para o tratamento das úlceras de estase; pode substituir outros tratamento de má tolerabilidade local, tais como os banhos tradicionais com o permanganato de potássio


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Boric Acids/therapeutic use , Salicylates/therapeutic use , Varicose Ulcer/drug therapy , Venous Insufficiency , Baths , Wound Healing , Clinical Trials as Topic
15.
Pediatr. mod ; 25(3): 119-22, jul. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-92836

ABSTRACT

Foi estudada uma associaçäo de alúmen amoniacal/ácido salicílico/ácido bórico, em 30 crianças de idades entre 15 dias e 16 meses, portadoras de dermatite de fraldas, de graus leve ou moderado. O tratamento foi por banhos da regiäo perineal, coxas e abdome, durante 15 minutos, duas vezes ao dia, por sete dias. Avaliou-se comparativamente, na admissäo e após os sete dias de tratamento, o grau (ausente, leve, moderado, intenso) de cada manifestaçäo cutânea característica do quadro de dermatite de fraldas: eritema, edema, vesículas, bolhas. Dos 30 pacientes, 29 iniciaram o estudo com dermatite de grau moderado e 1 com grau leve. Aos sete dias de tratamento, 12 pacientes apresentavam pele normal, 10 dermatite de grau leve, 7 moderada e 1 de moderada a intensa. Em comparaçäo com o estado na admissäo, o tratamento produziu 90% de melhoras ou curas. Näo foram relatadas reaçöes adversas ao tratamento. Os banhos com essa soluçäo parecem ser uma boa opçäo para o tratamento da dermatite de fraldas, principalmente na sua fase aguda


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Humans , Boric Acids/therapeutic use , Diaper Rash/drug therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Salicylates/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical
16.
Folha méd ; 96(3): 141-4, mar. 1988. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-61762

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou comparativamente duas formas de uso de uma soluçäo anti-séptica/antiinflamatória: por banhos de assento ou por duchas vaginais. A soluçäo era composta por uma associaçäo de ácido salicílico, ácido bórico e alúmen amoniacal dissolvida em água. Foram incluídas 30 pacientes adultas, portadoras de vulvovaginites inespecíficas, excluindo-se gestantes e pacientes com ectopia. Na admissäo e após o tratamento de 10 dias, avaliou-se o quadro clínico (prurido, ardor, eritema, edema, dor vulvar à micçäo, quantidade e odor do corrimento), pH e teste de KOH a 10% da secreçäo vaginal e o exame colposcópico. Ambos os grupos apresentaram regressäo da vulvovaginite sem efeitos adversos. Conclui-se que a anti-séptica/ antiinflamatória estudada é um tratamento indicado para vulvovaginites inespecíficas e que ambas as formas de uso säo igualmente eficazes e bem toleradas


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Boric Acids/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Salicylates/therapeutic use , Vulvovaginitis/drug therapy
17.
Rev. odontol. UNESP ; 17(1/2): 1-5, 1988. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-67194

ABSTRACT

A finalidade do presente trabalho foi verificar o comportamento da polpa dental quando cavidades preparadas em dentes humanos eram submetidas à açäo de limpeza de uma soluçäo de ácido bórico à 2 por cento ou de fosfato de sódio a 12 por cento . O estudo, realizado num período de 35 dias, demonstrou que as duas soluçöes testadas provocaram irritaçäo pulpar, apesar de esta ser considerada suave e sempre localizada sob os preparos cavitários. Sua utilizaçäo é contra-indicada


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Phosphates , Boric Acids , Dental Pulp/physiology , Dental Cavity Preparation , Dentin/physiology , Dental Pulp/pathology , Solutions
18.
J. bras. ginecol ; 97(7): 359-62, jul. 1987. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-42563

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se a eficácia e a tolerabilidade de uma associaçäo ácido salicílico/ácido bórico/alúmen amoniacal, em comparaçäo com vinagre, ambos em soluçäo para banhos de assento, como coajuvantes para acelerar a remissäo da sintomatologia de vulvovaginites causadas por Trichomonas vaginalis e/ou Candida albicans. A amostra estudada foi composta por 30 pacientes, com idades entre 24 e 41 anos, com duraçäo do quadro clínico entre 4 e 14 dias, as quais foram aleatoriamente distribuídas entre os dois grupos de tratamento, com 15 pacientes cada. Os banhos de assento, em ambos os grupos, foram feitos por 10 dias. Como tratamento de base para os microorganismos causadores das vulvovaginites, todas as pacientes, independentemente de grupo comparativo, usaram uma associaçäo nimorazol/clotrimazol/lisozima, na forma de creme vaginal, por seis noites consecutivas. A associaçäo ácido salicílico/ácido bórico/alúmen amoniacal foi superior ao vinagre, encurtando em vários dias a remissäo da sintomatologia das vulvovaginites (prurido, ardor, dor à micçäo, corrimento). A associaçäo nimorazol/clotrimazol/lisozima teve uma eficácia de 100% contra T. vaginalis e C. albicans. Nenhum destes dois tratamentos causou reaçöes adversas às pacientes


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Boric Acids/therapeutic use , Ammonia/therapeutic use , Salicylates/therapeutic use , Vulvovaginitis/drug therapy , Candida albicans/drug effects , Ointments , Trichomonas vaginalis/drug effects
19.
Pediatr. mod ; 22(3): 125-8, abr. 1987. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-40488

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliadas 21 meninas pré-púberes, com idades entre 3 e 11 anos, portadoras de vulvovaginites inespecíficas, devidas à irritaçäo química por urina, má higiene, ou outras causas. Excluíram-se pacientes com hipersensibilidade conhecida aos ingredientes da medicaçäo estudada e aquelas com patógeno específico demonstrado por cultura de corrimento. A maioria das vulvovaginites eram de longa duraçäo: média de 2 meses e casos de até 4 e 5 meses. O tratamento foi feito por banhos de assento com uma soluçäo contendo alúmen amoniacal, ácido salicílico e ácido bórico, 2 vezes ao dia, por 10 dias. Os sinais e sintomas da vulvovaginite regrediram em praticamente todos os casos, tornando-se ausentes na maioria e melhorando nos outros. Ao final do tratamento, na opinäo do avaliador, 15 pacientes (71,4%) apresentavam-se totalmente curadas e 5 (23,8%) com melhora notável. Nenhuma das crianças apresentou reaçäo local ou qualquer outro tipo de efeito adverso à medicaçäo estudada, sendo esta considerada segura em 100% dos casos. Conclui-se ser a associaçäo estudada eficaz na indicaçäo proposta e recomenda-se estender a prazo de tratamento em alguns dias, nos casos rebeldes


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Female , Boric Acids/therapeutic use , Salicylates/therapeutic use , Vulvovaginitis/drug therapy , Administration, Topical
20.
Rev. odontol. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 1(1): 3-7, jan.-mar. 1987. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-57730

ABSTRACT

Foi estudado por meio da titulometria a perda do teor de cloro da soluçäo de Dakin quando estocada em vidro ambar, mantida à temperatura ambiente, exposta à luz solar e na geladeira (9-C). Verificou-se que a soluçäo de Dakin quando exposta à luz solar perdeu 79,11 por cento do teor de cloro ativo em 122 dias, à temperatura ambiente a perda teor de cloro foi de 62,69 por cento e quando armazenada na geladeira, ou seja, a 9 graus centígrados a perda foi somente de 22,39 por cento no mesmo período


Subject(s)
Carbonates/metabolism , Chlorine/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Boric Acids/metabolism , Sunlight , Temperature , Drug Storage , Ice
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