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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 180 p. graf, tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-878490

ABSTRACT

A contaminação de corpos d'água por fármacos é um tema de extrema relevância, tendo em vista problemas como a escassez de água, florações de cianobactérias tóxicas e lançamentos clandestinos de efluentes domésticos. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a presença de cafeína (CAF), fluoxetina (FLX), levotiroxina (LVX) e bezafibrato (BZF) em mananciais do estado de São Paulo, bem como avaliar a toxicidade desses compostos à cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa LTPNA 08. Um método por LC-MS/MS foi desenvolvido e validado, de acordo com a RDC nº 166 da ANVISA, para a detecção de CAF, FLX, LVX e BZF em amostras ambientais. As represas Guarapiranga e Billings, bem como os rios Taiçupeba, Sorocaba, Baixo Cotia, Grande e Paraíba foram monitorados de abril a setembro de 2017. A toxicidade dos fármacos foi avaliada por meio do monitoramento do crescimento, produção de microcistinas e viabilidade celular da cianobactéria M. aeruginosa LTPNA 08. CAF foi detectada em todas as amostras analisadas, com concentrações que variaram de 6,6 ng.L-1 a 16,47 µg.L-1. No Rio Cotia foram verificadas as maiores concentrações de CAF, FLX e BZF (16,47 µg.L-1; 3,5 ng.L-1 e 322 ng.L-1, respectivamente). A LVX, cujos produtos de biotransformação não foram monitorados, não foi detectada em nenhuma amostra analisada. A concentração de 50 µg.L-1 de FLX inibiu o crescimento da cianobactéria em 82,3% (CE50: 31,4 µg.L-1). Em relação à produção de microcistinas totais, os fármacos inibiram a liberação da fração extracelular para a maior concentração testada ao longo do tempo de monitoramento, embora não tenham demonstrado efeito sobre a viabilidade celular. Sendo assim, considerando-se que fármacos estão presentes nos mananciais monitorados no estado de São Paulo e que a FLX pode causar efeito sobre a M. aeruginosa, os efeitos decorrentes da exposição a concentrações ambientais contínuas e cumulativas de fármacos em corpos d'água devem ser estudados. Além disso, uma vez que a ocorrência destas substâncias e outros contaminantes antropogênicos no ambiente aquático natural é uma questão emergente devido aos efeitos adversos potenciais que estes compostos representam para a vida aquática e os seres humanos, os tipos e níveis destes compostos, que têm um impacto maior na qualidade da água, deve ser constantemente monitorada. Práticas de gestão que investem em saneamento e na redução da descarga de efluentes não tratados, e um plano de proteção de recursos hídricos com o objetivo de garantir a segurança da água seriam medidas essenciais para reduzir o aporte de contaminantes nos corpos d'água do estado de São Paulo


Contamination of water bodies by drugs is a subject of extreme relevance considering related problems such as water scarcity, harmful cyanobacterial blooms and discharge of untreated domestic effluents. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the presence of caffeine (CAF), fluoxetine (FLX), levothyroxine (LVX) and bezafibrate (BZF) in springs in the State of São Paulo, and to evaluate the toxicity of these compounds in cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa LTPNA 08. A LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated according to RDC nº 166 of ANVISA to assess the concentration of CAF, FLX, LVX and BZF in environmental samples. Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs, as well as the Taiçupeba, Sorocaba, Baixo Cotia, Grande and Paraíba rivers were monitored from April to September 2017.The drugs toxicity in M. aeruginosa LTPNA 08 was assessed by monitoring their effects on cyanobacterial growth, microcystins production and cell viabilityby flow cytometry. CAF was detected in all analyzed samples at concentrations ranging from 6.6 ng to 16.47 µg.L-1.Among studied sites, Cotia river showed the highest concentrations of CAF, FLX and BZF (16.47 µg.L-1, 3.5 ng.L-1 and 322 ng.L-1, respectively). LVX, which biotransformation products were not monitored, was not detected in any of the analyzed samples. Regarding the drugs toxicity, 50 µg.L-1 of FLX inhibited the cyanobacterial grow thin 82.3% (EC50 of 31.4 µg.L-1). Although no effect on cell viability was seen by flow cytometry, the highest concentrations of all compounds tested were able to inhibit the release of microcystins. Therefore, considering that some of the drugs monitored showed to be present in water sources in São Paulo State and that FLX affects cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa growth, the effects of continuous and cumulative exposure at environmental drug concentrations of in water bodies should be evaluated. Also, since the occurrence of these substances and other anthropogenic contaminants in the natural aquatic environment is an emerging issue due to the potential adverse effects these compounds pose to aquatic life and humans, thet ypes and levels of these compounds, which have a greater impact on water quality, should be constantly monitored. Management practices investing in sanitation and in reducing discharge of untreated effluents, as well as a plan for water resources protection with the goal of ensuring water security would be essential measures in reducing drugs loading into water bodies situated in São Paulo State


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , /classification , Microcystis/growth & development , Spectrophotometry/methods , Thyroxine/toxicity , Bezafibrate/toxicity , Caffeine/toxicity , Fluoxetine/toxicity , Flow Cytometry/instrumentation
2.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(1): 59-68, Jan.-Mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-789072

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The association of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine in dietary supplements and weight loss products is very common worldwide, even though ephedrine has been prohibited in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 28-day oral exposure toxicity profile of p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine mixture (10:4:6:80 w/w respectively) in male and female Wistar rats. Body weight and signs of toxicity, morbidity, and mortality were observed daily. After 28 days, animals were euthanized and blood collected for hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress evaluation. No clinical signs of toxicity, significant weight loss or deaths occurred, nor were there any significant alterations in hematological parameters. Biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers showed lipid peroxidation, and hepatic and renal damage (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in male rats (100 and 150 mg/kg) and a reduction (p < 0.05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) in glutathione (GSH) levels in all male groups. Female groups displayed no indications of oxidative stress or biochemical alterations. The different toxicity profile displayed by male and female rats suggests a hormonal influence on mixture effects. Results demonstrated that the tested mixture can alter oxidative status and promote renal and hepatic damages.


RESUMO A associação de p-sinefrina, efedrina, salicina, e cafeína em suplementos alimentares e produtos para perda de peso é muito utilizada em todo o mundo, embora a efedrina tenha sido proibida em muitos países. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de toxicidade à exposição oral de 28 dias à associação de p-sinefrina, efedrina, salicina e cafeína (na proporção de 10:4:6:80 m/m respectivamente) em ratos Wistar machos e fêmeas. Diariamente, os animais foram observados quanto ao peso corporal, sinais de toxicidade, morbidade e mortalidade. Após 28 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e o sangue coletado para avaliações hematológicas, bioquímicas e de estresse oxidativo. Não se observaram sinais clínicos de toxicidade, tampouco perda significativa de peso, mortes, ou quaisquer alterações significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos. Biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo e bioquímicos mostraram peroxidação lipídica, danos renais e hepáticos (p < 0,05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) em ratos machos (100 e 150 mg/kg) e a redução (p < 0,05; ANOVA/Bonferroni) nos níveis de glutationa reduzida (GSH) em todos os grupos de machos tratados. Nas fêmeas, não houve indícios de estresse oxidativo, nem alterações bioquímicas. O diferente perfil de toxicidade entre os gêneros sugere influência hormonal nos efeitos de mistura administrada. A associação testada pode alterar o estado oxidativo e promover danos renais e hepáticos.


Subject(s)
Rats , Caffeine/toxicity , Biomarkers/analysis , Synephrine/toxicity , Salicinum/toxicity , Oxidative Stress , Ephedrine/toxicity , Weight Loss/drug effects , Dietary Supplements/analysis
3.
Clin. biomed. res ; 36(4): 179-186, 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-831517

ABSTRACT

Caffeine consumption during pregnancy has been shown in the scientific literature to be associated with teratogenicity such as low birth weight, fetal malformations, and miscarriage. However, the morphological alterations of the offspring of dams exposed during pregnancy have not been consistently described, and the mechanisms why they occur remain elusive. Thus, we aimed to characterize the offspring malformations induced by moderate and high doses of caffeine during pregnancy. Dams were divided into three groups: control, moderate (0.3 g/L), and high dose (1.0 g/L) of caffeine, which was provided in the drinking water beginning on gestational day 1 and continuing throughout the entire gestation. At moderate doses, only one of the dams had stillborn pups, although no macroscopic malformations were observed. High doses of caffeine induced significantly more malformations (P<0.001) and early death (before P4). The malformations observed were related to fetal development and cardiovascular alterations, namely bruises, macrocephaly with short limbs, abnormal development (or absence) of head structures and limbs, labial malformations, hydrops fetalis, and poor placental formation. We discussed the proposed mechanisms by which caffeine might induce these phenotypes, which may involve down-regulation of adenosine A1 receptors, and increased mothers' catecholamines. Our findings further confirm the evidence of the teratogenic effects of high doses of caffeine administered during pregnancy. These findings support the recommendation to avoid caffeine exposure during pregnancy (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Caffeine/toxicity , Congenital Abnormalities , Heart Defects, Congenital/chemically induced , Pregnancy , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/drug effects , Receptor, Adenosine A1
4.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 23(3): 105-117, dic. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-837844

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la ingesta diaria media de cafeína a través del consumo de bebidas energizantes (BE) como única fuente, en una población de adultos jóvenes, entre las edades de 18 a 40 años, en Argentina. En el período de marzo a octubre de 2013, los participantes completaron un cuestionario de administración indirecta a través de la web. El 73,8 % de los encuestados consumió BE al menos una vez en el último año y el 74,9 % de éstos la mezcló con alcohol. La ingesta media de cafeína fue de 0,12 mg/kg/día en el total de la muestra, alcanzando valores medios de 0,65 mg/kg/día para los consumidores crónicos y de 5,81 mg/kg/única ocasión para los consumidores agudos. La alta proporción de encuestados que manifestó consumir la mezcla de BE y alcohol y las ingestas medias y máximas de cafeína observadas en consumidores agudos y crónicos, a partir de esta única fuente, hacen prioritario tener estrategias de comunicación de riesgos, para reducir el consumo de alto riesgo y evitar situaciones que puedan poner en riesgo la salud.


The aim of this study was to estimate the average daily intake of caffeine through consumption of energy drinks (ED) as a single source, in a population of youth and young adults, ages 18 to 40, from Argentina. In the period from March to October 2013, the participants filled up a questionnaire of indirect management through the web. 73.8% of the respondents consumed ED at least once in the past year, and 74.9% of them, mixed the ED with alcohol. The caffeine mean daily intake was 0.12 mg/kg/day for the whole sample, reaching values of 0.65 mg/kg/day for chronic consumers and 5.81 mg/kg for acute consumers. The high proportion of respondents who consumed the mixture of ED and alcohol, and the mean and maximum caffeine daily intake from this single source observed in acute and chronic consumers makes it a priority to have risk communication strategies, to reduce high-risk drinking and to avoid situations that might compromise health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Caffeine/toxicity , Energy Drinks/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/trends , Argentina , Recommended Dietary Allowances/trends
5.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2014 Dec; 52(12): 1165-1172
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-153807

ABSTRACT

Meclizine and caffeine combination is used for the treatment of morning sickness. Both compounds are teratogenic and caffeine is known to possess anti-fertility activity also. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the reproductive toxic effect of meclizine and caffeine combination. Three doses were taken for the study; low dose (LD; meclizine 3.7 mg/kg and caffeine 3 mg/kg) was selected from commercially available formulation, middle dose (MD; meclizine 37 mg/kg and caffeine 30 mg/kg) and high dose (HD; meclizine 370 mg/kg and caffeine 300 mg/kg). The mixture was administered 1-7 days and 8-14 days for fertility and embryotoxic studies respectively. Laparotomy was done on 10th day of gestation period. Number of implants and corpora lutea were counted, pre and post-implantation losses were determined. In embryo toxicity study fetuses were evaluated for external, skeletal and visceral examination. High dose was removed from both fertility and embryotoxicity studies due to its severe toxicity to the dam. Significant anti-fertility activity was observed at middle dose. Embryotoxicity study showed significant reduction in fetal body weight, body length and body mass index, dam body weight gain on gestation day 14. Absolute kidney weight in MD and absolute and relative spleen weight in both LD and MD were significantly reduced. There was no increase in external or internal congenital anomalies at both LD and MD. The, results suggest that prescription of meclizine and caffeine for morning sickness in early pregnancy should be reviewed carefully.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Caffeine/toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Eating/drug effects , Embryonic Development/drug effects , Female , Fertility/drug effects , Fetal Weight/drug effects , Gestational Age , Histamine H1 Antagonists/administration & dosage , Histamine H1 Antagonists/toxicity , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/pathology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Male , Meclizine/drug effects , Meclizine/toxicity , Organ Size/drug effects , Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage , Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists/toxicity , Rats, Wistar , Spleen/drug effects , Spleen/pathology , Weight Gain/drug effects
6.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-737688

ABSTRACT

O café é uma das bebidas mais populares do mundo, chegando ao consumo aproximado de 6,7 milhões de toneladas por ano. Há certo tempo, alguns dos seus efeitos fisiológicos, relacionados a uma gama de substâncias encontradas na bebida, estão sendo amplamente estudados. Alguns estudos destacam a cafeína como uma substância fundamental para os efeitos estudados desta bebida. O trabalho objetivou discernir e ressaltar alguns efeitos clínicos relevantes da cafeína. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma busca de trabalhos que valorizam as propriedades clínicas do café, que ressaltam algumas de suas substâncias, e estudos específicos sobre a cafeína, que a atribuem uma abordagem clínica. Foram definidos pelos autores alguns aspectos positivos e negativos dos efeitos clínicos provocados pela cafeína. Assim, reforça-se a discussão sob as perspectivas de uso da cafeína, seja na alimentação, como medicamento ou em estudos de parâmetros clínicos para diabetes tipo 2, arritmias, parada cardíaca, infarto agudo não fatal do miocárdio, Parkinson e Alzheimer. É preciso atribuir, nesse contexto, certa ponderação ao seu uso, relevando a vulnerabilidade do indivíduo e as manifestações clínicas atribuídas à cafeína...


Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in theworld, with an approximate consumption of 6.7 million tons per year. Some of the physiological effects of a variety of substances found in the beverage are being widely studied. Some research highlights caffeine as a substance crucial to coffee?s biological effects. The aim of this study was to discern and highlight some of the relevant clinical effects of caffeine. To this end, we made a search for studies related to the clinical properties of coffee, which highlighted some of its main substances, and studies specifically about caffeine, which followed a clinical approach. The authors defined some positive and negative features of the clinical effects provoked by caffeine. Thus, the prospects of using caffeine, in food, as a medicine or in clinical parameter studies of type 2 diabetes, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, Parkinson and Alzheimers disease, were well discussed. In this context, it is very important to give responsible consideration to theuse of caffeine, keeping in mind the vulnerability of the individual and the clinical manifestations of this substance...


Subject(s)
Humans , Coffee , Caffeine/adverse effects , Caffeine/toxicity , Caffeine/therapeutic use , Chlorogenic Acid/toxicity
7.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2013. 77 f p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-751565

ABSTRACT

Metabólitos ativos da cafeína apresentam toxicidade, podendo causar efeitos deletérios em muitos órgãos no período fetal pelo consumo materno. O estudo objetivou avaliar o papel da administração de cafeína durante a gestação em vários parâmetros importantes para a função testicular em camundongos adultos C57BL/6. Fêmeas grávidas foram divididas em: grupo controle (C), que receberam injeções de sol. salina (0,9% NaCl) e grupo cafeína (CF), que receberam diariamente injeções subcutâneas de 20 mg / kg de cafeína. Filhotes tiveram livre acesso à ração padrão desde o desmame até três meses de idade, quando foram mortos. O grupo CF apresentou uma redução no consumo alimentar (C = 4,36 ± 0,14; CF = 3,79 ± 0,05/g, p<0,05) e ganho de massa corporal (C = 25,73 ± 0,14; CF = 21,08 ± 0,41/g, p=0,0001). Ainda este grupo, apresentou alterações estruturais nos testículos da prole, como redução no peso relativo (C = 0,078 ± 0,003; CF = 0,063 ± 0,002/g, p=0,002), diâmetro tubular (C = 455,4 ± 2,7; CF = 393,5 ± 3,1/µm, p=0,0001), lume tubular (C = 310,6 ± 2,5; CF = 254,8 ± 2,9/µm², p=0.0001) e altura do epitélio seminífero (C = 144,8 ± 0,9; CF = 138,7 ± 1,3/µm, p=0,0005) observados pela técnica de morfometria. Testosterona sérica avaliada por quimioluminescência foi reduzida (C = 6,6 ± 2,8; CF = 0,5 ± 0,2/ng/ml, p=0.04). Western Blotting foi utilizado para análise de expressão protéica...


Active metabolites of caffeine present toxicity, may cause deleterious effects on many organs in the fetal period by maternal consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the role of caffeine administration during pregnancy on several parameters of adult male testis in C57BL/6 mice. Pregnant C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups (n = 10): Control group (C), dams were injected with the vehicle only (saline 0.9 % NaCl); Caffeine group (CF), dams received daily a subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg of caffeine/day (1 mg/mL saline). Pups had free access to standard chow since weaning to 3 months of age, when they were killed. Treatment of dams with caffeine did not produce any visible signs of maternal toxicity. At adulthood CF group presented a reduction in the food consumption (C = 4.36 ± 0.14, CF = 3.79 ± 0.05/g, p<0.05) and body weight gain (C = 25.73 ± 0.14, CF = 21.08 ± 0.41/ g, p=0.0001). Several alterations were seen in testis structure sighted by morphometry: testicular weight (C = 0.078 ± 0.003, CF = 0.063 ± 0.002/g, p=0.002), tubular diameter (C = 455.4 ± 2.7, CF = 393.5 ± 3.1/µm, p=0.0001), tubular lumen (C = 310.6 ± 2.5, CF = 254.8 ± 2.9/µm², p=0.0001) and epithelial height (C = 144.8 ± 0.9; CF = 138.7 ± 1.3/µm, p=0.0005). Chemioluminesense was performed to evaluate testosterone serum levels, which was decreased (C = 6.6 ± 2.8, CF = 0.5 ± 0.2/ng/ml, p=0.04). Western blotting showed an increase in the protein expression of leptin’s receptor...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Mice , Caffeine/toxicity , Fertility , Fetal Development , Testis/physiology , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Caffeine/metabolism , Eating , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Testis/anatomy & histology
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 22(3): 202-209, May-June 2007. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452202

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of alcohol and caffeine in a pancreatic carcinogenesis mouse model induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA), according to the PanIN classification system. METHODS: 120 male, Mus musculus, CF-1 mice were divided into four groups. Animals received either water or caffeine or alcohol or alcohol + caffeine in their drinking water. In all animals, 1 mg of DMBA was implanted into the head of the pancreas. After 30 days, euthanasia was performed; excised pancreata were then fixed in formalin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and categorized as follows: normal ducts, reactive hyperplasia, PanIN-1A, PanIN-1B, PanIN-2, PanIN-3 or adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: PanIN lesions were verified in all groups. Adenocarcinoma was detected in 15 percent of animals in the caffeine group, 16.6 percent in the water group, 23.8 percent in the alcohol + caffeine group and 52.9 percent in the alcohol group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis mouse model using DMBA effectively induces PanIN lesions and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study verified the association between alcohol use and pancreatic adenocarcinoma; caffeine did not present the same effect.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do álcool e da cafeína na carcinogênese pancreática induzida pelo 7,12-dimetilbenzantraceno (DMBA) em camundongos, descrevendo as lesões de acordo com a classificação das neoplasias pacreáticas intraepiteliais (PanIN). MÉTODOS: 120 camundogos machos, Mus musculus, CF-1 foram divididos em quatro grupos. Animais receberam água ou cafeína ou álcool ou álcool + cafeína para beber. Em todos animais, 1 mg de DMBA foi implantado na cabeça do pâncreas. Após 30 dias, eutanásia foi realizada, o pâncreas foi removido, fixado em formalina e corado com hematoxilina e eosina sendo classificado em: ductos normais, hiperplasia reativa, PanIN-1A, PanIN-1B, PanIN-2, PanIN-3 ou adenocarcinoma. RESULTADOS: Neoplasias pancreáticas intraepiteliais foram encontradas em todos grupos. Adenocarcinoma foi detectado em 15 por cento dos animais do grupo cafeína, 16,6 por cento do grupo água, 23,8 por cento do grupo álcool + cafeína e 52,9 por cento do grupo álcool (P<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O modelo experimental de carcinogênese pancreática em camundongos utilizando DMBA induz neoplasias pancreáticas intraepiteliais (PanIN) e adenocarcinoma pancreático. Este estudoverificou associação entre álcool e adenocarcinoma pancreático, enquanto a cafeína não demonstrou este efeito.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Caffeine/toxicity , Carcinoma in Situ/chemically induced , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/chemically induced , Ethanol/toxicity , Pancreatic Neoplasms/chemically induced , Carcinogens , Chi-Square Distribution , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Pancreas/drug effects , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
9.
Rev. saúde pública ; 40(6): 1112-1117, dez. 2006. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440255

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Previous experiments showed that caffeine blocks the development of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in the larval stage, consequently inhibiting the production of adults. This study aimed at obtaining data suggestive of caffeine resistance by these mosquitoes. METHODS: Experiments were carried out in successive generations to assess adult production from eggs laid in previous generation and oviposition rate in every generation using 200 and 500 æg/mL caffeine. Tap water was used as control. Experiments were conducted in the city of São José do Rio Preto, Southeastern Brazil between 2002 and 2005. Statistical tests consisted of exploratory data analysis and smoothing algorithms. RESULTS: Increasing reduction in productivity of adults occurred among generations at both caffeine concentrations but the differences were only significant at 200æg/mL caffeine. As for the oviposition rate, there was a decrease in the mean number of eggs per female over generations at both caffeine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of caffeine resistance over generations. The study results corroborate caffeine as an alternative as an important Ae. Aegypti control agent to avoid resistance.


OBJETIVO: Experimentos anteriores mostraram que a cafeína bloqueia o desenvolvimento de Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) na fase larval, inibindo conseqüentemente a produção de adultos. O objetivo do estudo foi obter dados que pudessem sugerir desenvolvimento de resistência dos mosquitos à cafeína. MÉTODOS: Foi avaliada a produção de adultos em gerações sucessivas, a partir de ovos produzidos na geração anterior e a taxa de oviposição em cada geração, utilizando meios contendo cafeína a 200 e 500 æg/ml e água de torneira proveniente de poço artesiano como controle. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em São José do Rio Preto, entre 2002 e 2005. Nos testes estatísticos foram utilizados a análise exploratória de dados e algoritmos de alisamento. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu redução crescente da produção de adultos, nas duas concentrações, ao longo das gerações, mas apenas no experimento a 200 æg/ml os dados foram estatisticamente significantes. Quanto à oviposição, a análise dos números mostra redução crescente e acentuada na média de ovos por fêmea, no experimento tratado. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve evidência de resistência ao longo das gerações devido ao tratamento com cafeína. Os resultados encontrados podem reforçar a indicação da cafeína como uma alternativa aos principais agentes de controle do Ae. aegypti atualmente usados, contra os quais os mosquitos têm desenvolvido resistência.


Subject(s)
Aedes/growth & development , Caffeine/toxicity , Insect Control , Larva/growth & development , Oviposition
10.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 42(1): 17-27, jan.-mar. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-431420

ABSTRACT

O efeito ergogênico da cafeína sobre a performance em exercícios físicos anaeróbios ainda não esta claro, da mesma forma que os mecanismos de ação envolvidos nesse tipo de esforço físico. As teorias que têm tentado explicar o efeito ergogênico da cafeína durante o exercício físico anaeróbio esta relacionada ao efeito da cafeína em alguma porção do sistema nervoso central (SNC), e a propagação dos sinais neurais entre o cérebro e a junção neuromuscular, e também ao efeito da cafeína sobre o músculo esquelético, facilitando a estimulação-contração do músculo esquelético. Alguns estudos têm indicado aumento da força muscular acompanhado de maior resistência à instalação do processo de fadiga muscular após a ingestão de cafeína. Sugere-se que isso ocorra muito mais pela ação direta da cafeína no SNC do que pela sua ação em nível periférico. Com relação aos exercícios máximos e supramáximos de curta duração, os estudos têm-se demonstrado controversos, embora a maior parte indique que a cafeína parece melhorar significativamente a performance em exercícios máximos de curta duração (<5 min), quando não precedidos por exercícios submáximos prolongados. Entretanto, esses resultados necessitam de confirmação, assim como de maior esclarecimento quanto aos mecanismos de ação da cafeína nesses tipos de esforços.


Subject(s)
Caffeine/toxicity , Exercise , Muscle, Skeletal , Central Nervous System/metabolism , Muscle Fatigue
11.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2005. xix,132 p. tab, graf, mapas.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-499301

ABSTRACT

Um dos maiores problemas enfrentados pelas instâncias tomadoras de decisão, no que diz respeito à implementação de programas de vigilância e prevenção nestas áreas relaciona-se com a real quantificação ou dimensionamento do problema. Dentro desta fundamentação, o objetivo geral desta Tese foi desenvolver um Sistema de Informações toxicológicas forense no âmbito do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, avaliar o perfil epidemiológico (estudo descritivo) das exposições/intoxicações envolvendo a utilização de substâncias químicas, e diagnosticar/quantificar qualquer enventual fenômeno de subnotificação. (...) Destes, mais de um terço dos casos concluídos (36,96%) foram considerados positivos. (...) Analgésicos obtiveram um espectro mais amplo de casos positivos (20 a 59 anos - 77,5%). Em relação ao álcool, os municípios mais afetados foram Marica, Itaboraí, Saquarema, Rio Bonito, Araruama, Silva Jardim, Armação de Búzios, São José do Vale do Rio Preto, Teresópolis, Sumidouro, Cordeiro e Trajano de Morais -- 22 a 49 casos: 100.000 hab. Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Nova Iguaçu, Duque de Caxias, São João de Meriti, Mesquita, Nilópolis e Belford Roxo respondem pelos maiores prevalências relacionadas a praguicidas - 10 a 191 casos: 100.000 hab. Maiores ocorrências para Medicamentos, foram localizadas em Angra dos Reis; Itaguaí, Rio das Flores, Teresópolis e Cantagalo -- 3 a 5 casos:100.000 hab. Drogas de abuso apresentaram maiores índices de subnotificação em relação ao Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM e Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxicofarmacológicas - SINITOX (99,40% e 100,00%, respectivamente). (...) Praguicidas foi a categoria de substâncias que apresentaram o menor grau de não registros SIM (12,93%) e SINITOX (69,09%).


Subject(s)
Humans , Chemical Compounds/statistics & numerical data , Poisoning/epidemiology , Forensic Toxicology , Information Systems , Alcoholic Intoxication , Analgesics/toxicity , Anticonvulsants/toxicity , Brazil , Caffeine/toxicity , Carbamates/toxicity , Ethanol/toxicity , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Illicit Drugs
12.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 674-678, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-72660

ABSTRACT

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed neuroactive drugs, coming mostly from everyday beverages such as coffee and tea. To investigate whether caffeine induces apoptosis in the central nervous system, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometric analysis, DNA fragmentation assay, and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed on SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells. Cells treated with caffeine at concentrations as high as 10 mM exhibited several characteristics of apoptosis. In addition, caffeine was shown to increase the caspase-3 activity. These results suggest that high-dose of caffeine induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells, probably by increasing the caspase-3 enzyme activity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis/drug effects , Caffeine/toxicity , Caspase 3 , Caspases/metabolism , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Central Nervous System/cytology , DNA Fragmentation , Neuroblastoma/enzymology , Tumor Cells, Cultured
13.
Suez Canal University Medical Journal. 2001; 4 (2): 209-224
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-58402

ABSTRACT

This study used sixty-five adult male rats, they were divided into four groups. The first group included twenty rats; fifteen of them were given intraperitoneal injection of caffeine [100 mg/Kg body weight/day], while the other five rats were injected with an equivalent amount of saline only. The second group included also twenty rats; fifteen of them were given nicotine intraperitoneally[2 mg/kg body weight/day], while the other five rats were injected with an equivalent amount of saline only. The third group included also twenty rats; fifteen of them were given both caffeine and nicotine intraperitoneally at the same doses as above, while the other five rats were injected with equivalent amount of saline only. The fourth group included five rats that were served as a negative control. The rats of all groups were sacrificed after four weeks, liver specimens were taken and processed for both light and electron microscopic examination. Variable morphological changes were observed in the livers of caffeine and nicotine-treated rats. These changes were in the form of fatty degeneration, vacuolar appearance and inflammatory cellular infiltration, depletion of glycogen content, hemorrhagic lesions and sometimes pyknotic cells; such effects were more severe than when each drug was given singly


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Caffeine/toxicity , Liver Function Tests , Drug Combinations , Liver/ultrastructure , Rats , Liver/drug effects
14.
New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The]. 1992; 6 (1): 325-328
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-25331

ABSTRACT

In vitro and in vivo influence of ethanol, caffeine and acetaldehyde on embryonic development was investigated in rats. The in vivo study showed no external anomalies in the fetuses and embryolethality was not affected in any of the groups. Growth was reduced in alcohol caffeine fetuses than alcohol alone. Acetaldehyde mildly reduces growth. The in vitro study showed the effect of these drugs on development of the embryo. The adverse effect of alcohol was more pronounced on cardiovascular and skeletal system as well as on craniofacial development, while that of caffeine was restricted to the central nervous system. Caffeine did not potentiate the adverse effect of alcohol. Alcohol and acetaldehyde were shown to be teratogenic in this study


Subject(s)
Caffeine/toxicity , Central Nervous System/drug effects
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