ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose The present study aimed to determine whether sarcopenia after radical cystectomy (RC) could predict overall survival (OS) in patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Materials and Methods The lumbar skeletal muscle index (SMI) of 80 patients was measured before and 1 year after RC. The prognostic significance of sarcopenia and SMI decrease after RC were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariable Cox regression model. Results Of 80 patients, 26 (32.5%) experienced sarcopenia before RC, whereas 40 (50.0%) experienced sarcopenia after RC. The median SMI change was -2.2 cm2/m2. Patients with sarcopenia after RC had a higher pathological T stage and tumor grade than patients without sarcopenia. Furthermore, the overall mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia 1 year after RC. The median follow-up time was 46.2 months, during which 22 patients died. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a significant difference in OS rates based on sarcopenia (P=0.012) and SMI decrease (P=0.025). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that SMI decrease (≥2.2 cm2/m2) was an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio: 2.68, confidence interval: 1.007-7.719, P = 0.048). Conclusions The decrease in SMI after surgery might be a negative prognostic factor for OS in patients who underwent RC to treat UBC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma in Situ/surgery , Cystectomy/adverse effects , Sarcopenia/etiology , Time Factors , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/physiopathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Carcinoma in Situ/complications , Carcinoma in Situ/mortality , Body Mass Index , Cystectomy/methods , Cystectomy/mortality , Proportional Hazards Models , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Sarcopenia/physiopathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify the prognostic factors related to tumor recurrence and progression in Korean patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected and analyzed for 2412 NMIBC patients from 15 centers who were initially diagnosed after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) from January 2006 to December 2010. Using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, the prognostic value of each variable was evaluated for the time to first recurrence and progression. RESULTS: With a median follow-up duration of 37 months, 866 patients (35.9%) experienced recurrence, and 137 (5.7%) experienced progression. Patients with recurrence had a median time to the first recurrence of 10 months. Multivariable analysis conducted in all patients revealed that preoperative positive urine cytology (PUC) was independently associated with worse recurrence-free survival [RFS; hazard ratio (HR) 1.56; p<0.001], and progression-free survival (PFS; HR 1.56; p=0.037). In particular, on multivariable analysis conducted for the high-risk group (T1 tumor/high-grade Ta tumor/carcinoma in situ), preoperative PUC was an independent predictor of worse RFS (HR 1.73; p<0.001) and PFS (HR 1.96; p=0.006). On multivariable analysis in patients with T1 high-grade (T1HG) cancer (n=684), better RFS (HR 0.75; p=0.033) and PFS (HR 0.33; p<0.001) were observed in association with the administration of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induction therapy. CONCLUSION: A preoperative PUC result may adversely affect RFS and PFS, particularly in high-risk NMIBC patients. Of particular note, intravesical BCG induction therapy should be administered as an adjunct to TURBT in order to improve RFS and PFS in patients with T1HG cancer.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma in Situ/mortality , Disease Progression , Disease-Free Survival , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Republic of Korea , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortalityABSTRACT
This analytical study is aimed to analyze breast cancer mortality in the metropohtan región of Santiago serving something more than 6,000,000 people. The hypothesis is that it is possible to decrease breast cancer mortality in Chile (16 million inhabitants) based on the experience of the metropohtan south orient health service (SSMSO) that represents 10 percent of the Chilean population. A comparative analysis of crude and age-adjusted mortality rates for breast cancer in the six metropolitan health services is produced showing the lowest crude and age-adjusted mortality rate in the SSMSO besides to be lower than the mortality rate for Chile. Furthermore the annual proportions of advanced (III and IV) and incipient breast cancers (in situ and I) are established for the SSMSO showing a proportional decrease of advanced stages and a relevant increase of the incipient ones between 1994 and 2007. The authors think that since the population of the metropolitan región represents more than 40 percent of the Chilean population and includes all the socio economic strata the results observed in the SSMSO, the biggest health service in the region besides having both rural and urban districts, may be considered representative for the country as a whole. The original hypothesis has been thus confirmed: it is possible to decrease breast cancer mortality in Chile.
Se trata un estudio analítico sobre la mortalidad por cáncer de mama en la Región Metropolitana. La hipótesis, en base a la experiencia del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur Oriente (SSMSO), señala que es posible disminuir la mortalidad por este cáncer en Chile, extrapolando la experiencia de este servicio de salud con 1,6 millones de población asignada y 1,1 millones de personas inscritas validadas. Ello significa el 10 por ciento de la población chilena. Se hace un análisis comparado de las mortalidades crudas y ajustadas por edad en los seis servicios de salud metropolitanos, período 2000-2007, además de establecer la proporción anual de cánceres de mama avanzados (III y IV) e incipientes (in situ y I) en el total de cánceres mamarios del SSMSO, período 1994-2007. Los seis servicios en conjunto atienden una población que significa algo más del 40 por ciento de la nacional, además de representar todos sus estratos socio-económicos y étnicos. En consecuencia, la comparación entre ellos puede considerarse válida para el país. Los resultados muestran que el SSMSO tiene la mortalidad por cáncer de mama, tasa cruda y ajustada, más baja de la Región Metropolitana, además de inferior a la nacional. Una razón importante es la disminución proporcional de cánceres avanzados y un aumento importante de los incipientes. El programa para cáncer de mama del SSMSO cumple entonces con su objetivo principal: disminuir la mortalidad por este cáncer, ratificando la hipótesis de este estudio. Además, cumple otros objetivos: eficiencia, buena opinión de usuarias y equidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Program Evaluation , Carcinoma in Situ/mortality , Chile/epidemiology , Efficiency , Health Equity , Mortality , Neoplasm Staging , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: El objetivo primario del estudio es evaluar el impacto del índice pronóstico de Van Nuys (VNPI) en la recurrencia del carcinoma ductal in situ de mama (CDIS). Entre los objetivos secundarios se incluye la valoración de otros parámetros histológicos: el tamaño, el grado nuclear, la necrosis, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global. Método: Se analizaron los casos con diagnóstico de CDIS entre enero de 1995 a diciembre de 2000, de la base de datos de la Unidad de Mama del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España. Se han recogido los hallazgos mamográficos, histológicos, así como la evolución de las pacientes. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 95 CDIS en el periodo estudiado, de los que solo se incluyeron 79 casos en el análisis estadístico. El CDIS representa el 7,1 por ciento de todos los cánceres de mama en nuestro centro. La presencia de microcalcificaciones en la mamografía de cribado es el hallazgo diagnóstico mas frecuente. Ninguna de las variables clínicas analizadas se asoció a una mayor tasa de recaídas. Se asoció significativamente (p<0,05) a una mayor tasa de recurrencias el tamaño tumoral, el alto grado y la necrosis, así como el VNPI. Conclusiones: El CDIS tiene un comportamiento muy variable y ha de considerarse como entidades aisladas más que como una única enfermedad. Los parámetros biológicos e histológicos, principalmente el VNPI, podrían ayudara individualizar el tratamiento.
Objective: The primary endpoint of our study was to evaluate the impact of Van Nuys Prognostic index (VNPI) on recurrence of the breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Secondary endpoints included other histologic features: size, nuclear grade, necrosis and architectural pattern, disease-free survival and ove-rail survival. Methods: Database of the breast unit was searched for patients with DCIS diagnose between January 1995 and December 2000. Clinical data, mammographic findings, pathological features, outcome and prognosis were studied. Results: Ninty five DCIS were detected at our center between 1995-2000, but only 79 patients were included in the statistical analysis. The incidence was 7.1 percent over the total number of breast cancers. Diagnose was made by a screening mammography in the majority of cases, and presence of microcalcifications was the most frequent mammographic finding. None of the clinical variables was associated to bigger rates of relapse. Tumour size, high grade and necrosis and VNPI had a significant association with recurrence. Conclusions: Disease outcomes are very diverse, and it is necessary to consider DCIS as different entities, more than as an isolated disease. Biologic and histological factors, mainly VNPI, allow to stratify patients according to their risk and help to individualize treatment.