ABSTRACT
El síndrome de Bardet-Biedl (SBB) es una entidad poco frecuente, con gran heterogeneidad clínica y genética. Pertenece a las ciliopatías y tiene un modo de herencia autosómico recesivo. Hasta la fecha se han identificado más de 26 genes asociados. Afecta múltiples sistemas con compromiso oftalmológico, renal, cognitivo, esquelético, gonadal y ponderal. Su diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos y se confirma mediante estudios genéticos específicos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 2 años y 7 meses de edad, con polidactilia, obesidad, retraso del neurodesarrollo y afección renal en quien se arribó al diagnóstico clínico de SBB con posterior confirmación mediante estudio molecular. Se detectó una variante patogénica en homocigosis en el gen BBS2. La sospecha y confirmación diagnóstica permitieron el manejo adecuado del paciente, planificar el seguimiento apropiado y completar el asesoramiento genético familiar
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare entity that holds a great clinical and genetic heterogeneity. It is a ciliopathy and has an autosomal recessive inheritance. To this day more than 26 associated genes have been identified. It affects multiple aspects predominantly ophthalmological, renal, cognitive, skeletal, gonadal and weight. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and confirmed by specific genetic studies. We describe a case of a 2-year-and 7 month old patient with polydactyly, obe39 sity, neurodevelopmental delay and kidney dysplasia in which clinical diagnosis was suspected by criteria and subsequently has confirmation by molecular study. An homozygous pathogenic variant was detected in the BBS2 gene. The diagnostic suspicion and later confirmation allowed the proper management of this patient as well as an appropriate follow-up and complete genetic family counseling
Subject(s)
Polydactyly , Bardet-Biedl Syndrome , Retinitis Pigmentosa , CiliopathiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic etiology for a Chinese pedigree affected with Meckel syndrome.@*METHODS@#A pedigree with a history of three consecutive adverse pregnancies which presented at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University on August 31, 2017 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the pedigree were collected. High-throughput sequencing was carried out to screen for variants of ciliopathy-related genes in the third fetus following induced abortion, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The first pregnancy of the couple had ended as spontaneous abortion, whilst the fetus of the second pregnancy was suspected for having ciliopathy, though no genetic testing was carried out following elected abortion. The fetus of the third pregnancy was suspected for having ciliopathy, and high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing had shown that the fetus had harbored compound heterozygous variants of the TMEM67 gene, including c.978+1G>A from the father and c.1288G>C (p.D430H) from the mother. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.978+1G>A was classified as a pathogenic variant (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP5), whilst the newly discovered c.1288G>C (p.D430H) was classified as a likely pathogenic variant (PM2_Supporting+PM3+PM5+PP3).@*CONCLUSION@#The c.978+1G>A and c.1288G>C (p.D430H) compound heterozygous variants of the TMEM67 gene probably underlay the three consecutive adverse pregnancies suspected for ciliopathy in this pedigree. The discovery of c.1288G>C (p.D430H) has also expanded the mutational spectrum of the TMEM67 gene.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Humans , Pedigree , East Asian People , Ciliary Motility Disorders/genetics , Ciliopathies , Abortion, Spontaneous , Membrane Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Cellular primary cilium, located on the surface of virtually all mammalian cells, is a strictly conserved organelle which regulates cell biological process and maintains cell homeostasis by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, polarity, signal cascades and other life activities. Some diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding structural proteins or accessory proteins of primary cilia are collectively termed as "ciliopathies", which can occur in embryo, infancy and even adulthood. Ciliopathies not only involve a single organ, but also involve multiple organs and multiple systems, showing variable symptoms and overlapping symptoms. This review mainly summarizes the effects of ciliopathy-associated gene mutations on bone, tooth, skin, liver and bile duct, kidney, brain, retina, heart and other organs, uncovers their molecular mechanisms and provides some novel insights into therapy of ciliopathies.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Cilia , Ciliopathies/genetics , Proteins , Retina , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Oro-facial-digital syndrome is a group of rare heterogeneous hereditary disorders characterized by abnormalities of the oral cavity, face and digits, along with varying degrees of mental retardation. Currently, Oro-facial-digital syndrome has been classified into 14 types and two additional unclassified variants have been proposed. Amongst the various variants described, Oro-facial-digital syndrome type I is the most common. We report an interesting subclinical sporadic case of Oro-facial-digital syndrome type I in a 21-year-old female patient. Interestingly, our patient presented with a few novel hitherto unreported clinical findings like midline pits in the philtrum area and a hamartomatous proliferation of tissue in the anterior maxillary alveolar gingival region. This case report highlights the importance of prudent histopathological-clinical correlation, which can direct the flow of clinical investigations leading to the detection and diagnosis of unsuspected conditions as learned in this case. We would also like to emphasize that comprehensive examination of new born for structural abnormalities of the orofacial region is crucial to early diagnosis of syndromes and subsequent referral for further evaluation and management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Palatal Neoplasms , Hamartoma , Cleft Palate , Early Diagnosis , CiliopathiesABSTRACT
En el Hospital José María Velasco Ibarra de la ciudad del Tena, provincia de Napo, en la República de Ecuador, se reportó el caso de un neonato con Síndrome de Meckel Gruber, de sexo femenino, fruto de un embarazo sin seguimiento prenatal, hijo de padres indígenas no consanguíneos, provenientes de la comunidad amazónica Tamiahurco ubicada en Misahuallí. En este recién nacido se presentó la triada diagnóstica al respecto: riñones hiperplásicos poliquísticos, encefalocele occipital y polidactilia postaxial bilateral, determina el diagnóstico de certeza de esta enfermedad, en la que al menos dos de estos elementos deben estar presentes. Además, puede cursar con malformaciones a nivel oral, genital, del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) y fibrosis hepática(AU)
At José María Velasco Ibarra Hospital in Tena, Napo province, in the Republic of Ecuador, the case of a female neonate with Meckel Gruber Syndrome is reported. This infant is the result of a pregnancy with no prenatal follow-up, non-consanguineous indigenous parents, from the Tamiahurco Amazon community, in Misahuallí. This newborn had the diagnostic triad of polycystic hyperplastic kidneys, occipital encephalocele and bilateral postaxial polydactyly, which determined this disease diagnosis of certainty, in which at least two of these elements must be present. Other symptoms are oral, genital malformations, hepatic fibrosis and malformations of the Central Nervous System (CNS)(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Ciliopathies/mortality , Prenatal Care/methods , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
La displasia torácica asfixiante es una enfermedad infrecuente con compromiso multiorgánico y alta letalidad neonatal. Se presenta conbaja estatura, miembros cortos, tórax estrecho. Con la edad, hay mejoría respiratoria, pero aparición de compromiso renal, hepático, pancreático y/o retinal. Objetivo: Describir la evolución a largo plazo de 8 pacientes de un hospital de pediatría. Métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente edad de diagnóstico, sexo, variables antropométricas, complicaciones y radiología. Resultados: Masculino/femenino, 6/2. Edad al momento del diagnóstico mediana: 2,54 años. Evolución: 8/8, compromiso respiratorio; 3/8, renal; 2/8, hepático; 1/8, oftalmológico; 1/8, cardíaco. Mediana de estatura al momento del diagnóstico: -1,76 DE; crecimiento posnatal y proporciones corporales, normales. Radiología: 8/8, tórax estrecho y braquifalangia en manos. 5/8, anomalías acetabulares. Discusión: Es recomendable un seguimiento para monitorear la función renal, hepática y ocular. El pediatra debería sospechar esta entidad ante un recién nacido con tórax estrecho y dificultad respiratoria.
Asphyxiating Thoracic Dysplasia is an uncommon condition with multiple organ afectation and high neonatal mortality. It presents with short stature, short extremities, narrow thorax. With growth, there is respiratory improvement, but emergence of renal, hepatic, pancreatic and/or retinal impairment. Objective: to describe the long-term evolution of 8 patients of a pediatric hospital. Methods: we retrospectively evaluated age at diagnosis, sex, anthropometric variables, complications and radiology. Results: male/female 6/2. Median age at diagnosis: 2.54 years. Evolution: 8/8 respiratory compromise, 3/8 kidney, liver 2/8, 1/8 ophthalmologic, cardiac 1/8. Median height at diagnosis -1.76 DS, normal postnatal growth and body proportions. Radiology: 8/8 narrow chest and brachyphalangia in hands. 5/8 acetabular abnormalities. Discussion: for surveillance it is recommended to monitor renal, liver and eye function. The pediatrician should suspect this entity in a newborn with narrow thorax and respiratory distress.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Thorax/pathology , Thorax/diagnostic imaging , Ciliopathies , Growth/geneticsABSTRACT
El síndrome orofaciodigital tipo I (OFD 1; OMIM #311200) es un trastorno del desarrollo transmitido como un rasgo dominante ligado al cromosoma X con letalidad en varones. Se asocia con manifestaciones clínicas a nivel oral, facial y digital. Se caracteriza, además, por la presencia de quistes de milia, hipotricosis y poliquistosis renal. Se presentan dos casos con diagnóstico clínico de síndrome orofaciodigital tipo I con cierta variabilidad fenotípica entre ellos.
Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1; OMIM #311200) is a developmental disorder transmitted as an X-linked dominant condition with embryonic male lethality. It is associated with malformation of the oral cavity, face, and digits. Furthermore, it is characterized by the presence of milia, hypotrichosis and polycystic kidney disease. We present two cases with clinical diagnosis oforal-facial-digital syndrome type I with some phenotypic variability between them.