A Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil e as ações do Governo Federal na gestão de riscos de desatres / The National Policy for Protection and Civil Defense and Federal Government actions in disaster risk management

A instituição da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil teve como um dos objetivos dar uma resposta política à sociedade após um dos maiores desastres da história do país, que causou mais de 900 mortes na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro, em janeiro de 2011. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar a gestão de riscos de desastres no Brasil com ênfase na análise da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil enquanto política pública e das ações do governo federal na área. Para isto o estudo constou, sob o ponto de vista de seus objetivos, de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. E quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com abordagem qualitativa, de modo a observar as escolhas feitas na formulação da política para a área de gestão de riscos de desastres no país. O trabalho analisou o tema da proteção e defesa civil enquanto política pública, considerando seu processo de formulação e a Lei 12.608/2012 que a instituiu. Foram analisadas também as ações do governo federal no PPA 2012 – 2015 e no Plano Nacional de Gestão de Riscos e Resposta a Desastres Naturais, lançado em agosto de 2012. Cabe ressaltar que a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil trouxe muitos avanços e os programas e planos desenhados pelo governo federal tem tentado, de alguma forma, dar uma melhor organização para o setor. Porém, concluiu-se que apesar dos importantes avanços obtidos nos últimos anos na área de gestão de riscos de desastres no país, com a inserção no ordenamento jurídico nacional de uma política para a área e o aumento dos investimentos no setor, a formulação dos mesmos teve excessiva influência dos deslizamentos na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro em 2011...

The establishment of the National Policy of Protection and Civil Defence had as one of the aims to give a political response to society after one of the biggest disasters in the history of the country, which caused caused more than 900 deaths in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, in January 2011. This study has as main objective to evaluate the risk management disasters in Brazil with emphasis on the analysis of the Policy of Protection and Civil Defence as a public policy and actions of federal government in the area. The study consisted, from the point of sight of their goals, exploratory and descriptive research and on the technical procedures, research was conducted by literature and documents with a qualitative approach in order to observe choices made in the policy formulation in the area of disaster risk management in the country. The study analyzed the theme of protection and civil defense as a public policy, considering its formulation and the Law 12.608/2012 that established. They were also analyzed the actions of the federal government in PPA 2012-2015 and the National Plan for Risk Management and Natural Disaster Response, released in August 2012. It should be noted that the National Policy of Protection and Civil Defense brought many advances and programs and plans designed by the federal government has tried, in some form, to give a better organization for the sector. However, it was concluded that despite the important progress made in recent years in disaster risk management area in the country, with the insertion in national law of a policy for the area and the increased investment in the sector, the formulation of them had excessive influence of landslides in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro in 2011...

Evaluation of Brazil's public health surveillance system within the context of the International Health Regulations (2005) / Evaluación del sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil dentro del contexto del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (2005)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Brazil's public health surveillance system (HSS), identifying its core capacities, shortcomings, and limitations in dealing with public health emergencies, within the context of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005). METHODS: In 2008-2009 an evaluative cross-sectional study was conducted using semistructured questionnaires administered to key informants (municipal, state, and national government officials) to assess Brazilian HSS structure (legal framework and resources) and surveillance and response procedures vis-à-vis compliance with the IHR (2005) requirements for management of public health emergencies of national and international concern. Evaluation criteria included the capacity to detect, assess, notify, investigate, intervene, and communicate. Responses were analyzed separately by level of government (municipal health departments, state health departments, and national Ministry of Health). RESULTS: Overall, at all three levels of government, Brazil's HSS has a well-established legal framework (including the essential technical regulations) and the infrastructure, supplies, materials, and mechanisms required for liaison and coordination. However, there are still some weaknesses at the state level, especially in land border areas and small towns. Professionals in the field need to be more familiar with the IHR 2005 Annex 2 decision tool (designed to increase sensitivity and consistency in the notification process). At the state and municipal level, the capacity to detect, assess, and notify is better than the capacity to investigate, intervene, and communicate. Surveillance activities are conducted 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in 40.7% of states and 35.5% of municipalities. There are shortcomings in organizational activities and methods, and in the process of hiring and training personnel. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the core capacities of Brazil's HSS are well established and fulfill most of the requisites listed in the IHR 2005 with respect to both structure and surveillance and response procedures, particularly at the national and state levels.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil, identificando sus capacidades básicas, deficiencias y limitaciones para manejar emergencias de salud pública, dentro del contexto del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI 2005). MÉTODOS: En el período 2008-2009 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal de evaluación utilizando cuestionarios semiestructurados administrados a informantes clave (funcionarios del gobierno municipal, estatal y nacional) a fin de evaluar la estructura del sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil (marco jurídico y recursos), y la vigilancia y los procedimientos de respuesta, con relación al cumplimiento de los requisitos del RSI 2005 para el manejo de emergencias de salud pública de importancia nacional e internacional. Los criterios de evaluación incluyeron la capacidad de detectar, evaluar, notificar, investigar, intervenir y comunicar. Las respuestas se analizaron por separado según el nivel gubernamental (departamentos de salud municipales y estatales y ministerio de salud nacional). RESULTADOS: En general, en los tres niveles del gobierno, el sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil tiene un marco jurídico bien establecido (incluidas las reglamentaciones técnicas esenciales) y la infraestructura, los suministros los materiales y los mecanismos requeridos para el enlace y la coordinación. Sin embargo, todavía hay algunos puntos débiles a nivel estatal, especialmente en las zonas fronterizas y los pueblos pequeños. Los profesionales de campo deben conocer más la herramienta de decisión del anexo 2 del RSI 2005 (diseñada para aumentar la sensibilidad y la consistencia del proceso de notificación). En el nivel estatal y municipal, la capacidad para detectar, evaluar y notificar es mejor que la capacidad para investigar, intervenir y comunicar. Las actividades de vigilancia se llevan a cabo 24 horas al día, 7 días a la semana, en 40,7% de los estados y 35,5% de los municipios. Existen deficiencias en las actividades de organización y los métodos, y en el proceso de contratación y capacitación del personal. CONCLUSIONES: En general, las capacidades básicas del sistema de vigilancia de salud pública del Brasil están bien establecidas y cumplen la mayoría de los requisitos enumerados en el RSI 2005, tanto con respecto a la estructura como a la vigilancia y los procedimientos de respuesta, en particular en los niveles nacional y estatal.