The theory and craft of digital preservation: comentários sobre os 16 axiomas de preservação digital / The theory and craft of digital preservation: comments on the 16 axioms on digital preservation / La teoría y el oficio de la preservación digital: comentarios sobre los 16 axiomas sobre preservación digital

O livro do Trevor Owens expõe uma importante visão sobre a preservação digital contemporânea onde ele discute abordagens teóricas e práticas e apresenta-os com conceitos e conexões inovadores. Este resumo discute 10 dos 16 axiomas que são lançados como o ponto de partido do livro. Estes axiomas são curtos, mas profundos em importância como pensamento base para a elaboração de programas de preservação digital.

Trevor Owens' book exposes important insights into contemporary digital preservation where he discusses theoretical and practical approaches and presents these with innovative concepts and connections. This summary discusses 10 of the 16 axioms that are launched as the starting point of this book. These axioms are short, but deep in importance as the basis for the development of digital preservation programs.

El libro de Trevor Owens expone una visión importante de la preservación digital contemporánea, donde analiza enfoques teóricos y prácticos y les presenta como conceptos y conexiones innovadores. Este resumen analiza 10 de los 16 axiomas que se lanzan como punto de partida del libro. Estos axiomas son cortos, pero de gran importancia como base para el desarrollo de programas de preservación digital.

Estudio sobre la evidencia demostrativa y el uso de protocolos en casos de abuso sexual infantil en Colombia / Study on demonstrative evidence and the use of protocols in cases of child sexual abuse in Colombia / Estude da evidência demonstrativa e o uso dos protocolos nos casos do abuso sexual infantil na Colômbia

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar los principales alcances y las limitaciones de la evaluación psicológica forense en casos de Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI) en Colombia, haciendo uso de la evidencia demostrativa y la prueba novel en juicio oral. En la metodología, se realizó un análisis de contenido por medio de tablas de revisión de categorías en 53 expedientes de ASI. Los resultados muestran serias falencias en el abordaje de los principales constructos teóricos, con base en la opinión pericial al momento de la sustentación en juicio oral, al no hacer uso de la evidencia demostrativa y la prueba novel. Asimismo, se encontró que el protocolo de la Asociación Creemos en Ti no cuenta con la debida publicación, las evidencias científicas ni técnicas para su utilización en Colombia. El estudio estableció que el instrumento más utilizado es la entrevista forense, dejando de lado otras fuentes de información, como el análisis de documentos judiciales, entrevistas colaterales, metodología observacional, técnicas de credibilidad del testimonio y las pruebas psicométricas y psicodiagnósticas propias de esta área. En conclusión, se encuentra que los procesos metodológicos utilizados no cumplen con los criterios para establecer la validez y fiabilidad técnica científica, como apoyo a la sana crítica reglada de jueces y tribunales especiales en Colombia.

Abstract The objective of this research is to determine the main scopes and limitations of the forensic psychological evaluation in cases of Child Sexual Abuse (ASI) in Colombia, making use of the demonstrative evidence and the novel trial in oral proceedings. In the methodology, a content analysis was carried out by means of category review tables in 53 ASI files. Results show serious flaws in the approach of the main theoretical constructs, based on the expert opinion at the time of the oral trial, by not making use of the demonstrative evidence and the novel evidence. Likewise, it was found that the protocol of the "Creemos en Ti" ("We Believe in Thou") Association does neither have the proper publication nor scientific or technical evidence for its use in Colombia. The study has established that most used instrument is the forensic interview, leaving aside other sources of information such as the analysis of judicial documents, collateral interviews, observational methodology, credibility techniques in the testimonies, and the psychometrical and psychodiagnosis testing proper to this area. In conclusion, it has been found that the methodological processes used do not meet the criteria to establish validity and scientific technical reliability, as a support to the sound and healthy regulated criticism of judges and special courts in Colombia.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar os alcances principais e as limitações da avaliação psicológica forense nos casos do Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI) na Colômbia, fazendo o uso da evidência demonstrativa e o teste novel no julgamento oral. Na metodologia, uma análise do índice do conteúdo por meio das tabelas da revisão das categorias em 53 registros de ASI foi feita. Os resultados indicam sérias falências na abordagem dos principais constructos teóricos, com base na opinião perita no momento da sustentação no julgamento oral, ao não empregar a evidência demonstrativa e o teste novel. Também, achou-se que o protocolo da Associação "Creemos en Ti" não dispor da publicação devida, nas evidências científicas nem técnicas para seu uso na Colômbia. O estudo estabeleceu que o instrumento mais usado é a entrevista forense, deixando do lado outras fontes da informação, como a análise de documentos judiciais, entrevistas colaterais, metodologia observacional, técnicas de credibilidade do testemunho e testes psicométricos e psicodiagnósticos próprios desta área. Em conclusão, os processos metodológicos usados não cumprem os critérios para estabelecer a validez e a confiabilidade técnica científica, como a sustentação à crítica adequada regulada dos juízes e das cortes especiais na Colômbia.

Autoplagio y duplicación: un asunto en contra de la ética en la investigación científica / Self-plagiarism and Duplication of Publications: a Matter against Ethics in Scientific Research / Autoplágio e duplicação: uma questão contra a ética na pesquisa científica

Entre las malas conductas en investigación científica se encuentran los casos de plagio, autoplagio y duplicación; que atentan contra la veracidad y credibilidad de las publicaciones y revistas científicas que se enfrentan a estos casos. Así, para garantizar que los procesos de evaluación editorial y publicación se realicen adecuadamente y a la luz de los lineamientos éticos, a lo largo de los años se han consolidado asociaciones y comités cuyo objetivo fundamental es asegurar la entrega de productos científicos de calidad; algunos ejemplos de estas organizaciones son: la Asociación Mundial de Editores Médicos (WAME, por sus siglas en inglés), el Comité Internacional de Editores de Revistas Médicas (ICMJE, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Comité de Ética para Publicaciones (COPE, por sus siglas en inglés), entre otros.

Among the misconduct in scientific research, there are cases of plagiarism, self-plagiarism and duplication, which threaten the veracity and credibility of the publications and scientific journals that these cases might face. Thus, to ensure that the processes of editorial and publication evaluation are carried out properly and by the light of the ethical guidelines, throughout the years, associations and committees have been consolidated, whose main objective is to ensure the delivery of quality scientific products. Some examples of these organizations are: the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME, for its acronym in English), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, for its acronym in English) and the Committee on Publications Ethics (COPE, by its acronym in English), among others.

Entre os desvios na pesquisa científica estão os casos de plágio, autoplágio e duplicação; que ameaçam a veracidade e a credibilidade das publicações e revistas científicas que confrontam esses casos. Assim, para garantir que os processos de avaliação editorial e publicação sejam realizados de forma adequada e à luz das diretrizes éticas, as associações e comissões consolidaram-se ao longo dos anos, cujo objetivo principal é garantir a entrega de produtos científicos de qualidade; alguns exemplos dessas organizações são: a Associação Mundial de Editores Médicos (WAME, por sua sigla em inglês), o Comitê Internacional de Editores de Revistas Médicas (ICMJE, por sua sigla em inglês) e o Comitê de Ética para Publicações (COPE, por sua sigla em inglês), entre outros.

Digital models: How can dental arch form be verified chairside?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plaster dental casts are routinely used during clinical practice to access maxillary dental arch form and assist on fabrication of individualized orthodontic archwires. Recently introduced, digital model technology may offer a limitation for the obtainment of a dental physical record. In this context, a tool for dental arch form assessment for chairside use is necessary when employing digital models. In this regard, paper print of the dental arch seems thus to be useful. Methods: In the present study, 37 lower arch models were used. Intercanine and intermolar widths and dental arch length measurements were performed and compared using plaster dental casts, digital models and paper print image of the models. Ortho Insight 3D scanner was employed for model digitalization. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted regarding the measurements performed on the plaster or digital models (p> 0.05). Paper print images, however, showed subestimated values for intercanine and intermolar widths and overestimated values for dental arch length. Despite being statistically significant (p< 0.001), the differences were considered clinically negligible. Conclusion: The present study suggests that paper print images obtained from digital models are clinically accurate and can be used as a tool for dental arch form assessment for fabrication of individualized orthodontic archwires.

RESUMO Introdução: os modelos de gesso são usados rotineiramente, durante a prática clínica, para avaliação da forma da arcada inferior e para auxiliar na confecção de arcos ortodônticos individualizados. A tecnologia dos modelos digitais, introduzida recentemente, pode oferecer uma limitação na obtenção de um registro físico da arcada dentária. Assim, quando se utilizam modelos digitais, faz-se necessária uma ferramenta clínica para obtenção da forma da arcada. Com essa finalidade, poderia-se imprimir, em papel, uma imagem da arcada dentária obtida a partir do modelo de gesso. Métodos: nesse estudo, 37 modelos da arcada inferior foram utilizados, nos quais foram realizadas medições das distâncias intercaninos, intermolares e comprimento da arcada; sendo, então, comparadas entre modelos de gesso, modelos digitalizados com um scanner Ortho Insight 3D e imagens impressas em folha de papel A4. Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas medidas realizadas nos modelos de gesso e modelos digitais (p > 0,05). As imagens impressas, contudo, mostraram valores subestimados para as distâncias intercaninos e intermolares, e superestimados para o comprimento da arcada. Apesar de serem estatisticamente significativas (p< 0,001), as diferenças foram consideradas clinicamente insignificantes. Conclusão: o presente estudo sugere que as imagens obtidas por meio dos modelos digitais e impressas em papel são clinicamente acuradas e podem ser utilizadas como uma ferramenta auxiliar na confecção dos arcos ortodônticos individualizados.

A 4-Year Follow-up Cohort Study of the Respiratory Functions in Toner-handling Workers

BACKGROUND: Focusing on the respiratory function for health effect indices, we conducted a cross-sectional study on workers who did and did not handle toner to compare the longitudinal changes. METHODS: Among 116 individuals who worked for a Japanese business equipment manufacturer and participated in the study, the analysis included 69 male workers who we were able to follow up for 4 years. We categorized the 40 workers engaged in toner-handling work as the exposed group and the 29 workers not engaged in these tasks as the referent group, and compared their respiratory function test results: peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), vital capacity (VC), predicted vital capacity (%VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a percent of forced vital capacity (FEV1%). RESULTS: The cross-sectional study of the respiratory function test results at the baseline and at the 5th year showed no statistically significant differences in PEFR, VC, %VC, FEV1, and FEV1% between the exposed and referent workers. Also, respiratory function time-course for 4 years was calculated and compared between the groups. No statistically significant differences were shown. CONCLUSION: Our study does not suggest any toner exposure effects on respiratory function. However, the number of subjects was small in our study; studies of larger populations will be desired in the future.

Effectiveness assessment of 3-D cone beam CT used in human bite marks identification / 生物医学工程学杂志

The present study was aimed to use the 3-D cone beam CT (CBCT) as a new method in human bite marks identification which was carried out in experimental pigskin to assess its effectiveness in our laboratory. Bite marks were digital photographed according to American Board of Forensic Odontology (ABFO) guidelines. In this study, the data of the suspect's dental casts were collected by scanning in two ways: one was after plate scanning, in which the comparison overlays were generated by Adobe Photoshop 8.0 software; the other was by CBCT, which generated comparison overlays automatically. The bite marks were blind identified with the two kinds of data of the suspect's dental casts respectively. ROC curve was used to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence interval. The results showed that CBCT method got a larger area under the ROC curve: 0.784 (SE = 0.074, 95% CI = 0.639-0.929), and got a very high specificity (specificity 98.7%, 95% CI = 94.5%-99.8%). Thus, this study illustrates that the CBCT used in bite mark identification is an effective and accurate tool and has stronger ability to exclude suspects compared with the conventional method, but the comparison process needs further study to enhance its effectiveness in bite mark identification.

Comparative study of dental arch width in plaster models, photocopies and digitized images

The aim of this study was to comparatively assess dental arch width, in the canine and molar regions, by means of direct measurements from plaster models, photocopies and digitized images of the models. The sample consisted of 130 pairs of plaster models, photocopies and digitized images of the models of white patients (n = 65), both genders, with Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions, treated by standard Edgewise mechanics and extraction of the four first premolars. Maxillary and mandibular intercanine and intermolar widths were measured by a calibrated examiner, prior to and after orthodontic treatment, using the three modes of reproduction of the dental arches. Dispersion of the data relative to pre- and posttreatment intra-arch linear measurements (mm) was represented as box plots. The three measuring methods were compared by one-way ANOVA for repeated measurements (á = 0.05). Initial / final mean values varied as follows: 33.94 to 34.29 mm / 34.49 to 34.66 mm (maxillary intercanine width); 26.23 to 26.26 mm / 26.77 to 26.84 mm (mandibular intercanine width); 49.55 to 49.66 mm / 47.28 to 47.45 mm (maxillary intermolar width) and 43.28 to 43.41 mm / 40.29 to 40.46 mm (mandibular intermolar width). There were no statistically significant differences between mean dental arch widths estimated by the three studied methods, prior to and after orthodontic treatment. It may be concluded that photocopies and digitized images of the plaster models provided reliable reproductions of the dental arches for obtaining transversal intra-arch measurements.

Angiografia: segurança x economia / Angiography: safety x economy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a segurança, eficiência e custos do exame angiofluoresceinográfico utilizando menor dosagem de contraste e aparelho digital com máquina de fotocópia a laser. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e comparativo entre um grupo de 70 pacientes que foi submetido à avaliação angiográfica com retinógrafo convencional, injetando-se 5 ml de fluoresceína sódica a 10 por cento (grupo controle), e um grupo de 70 pacientes que foi submetido à avaliação angiográfica com retinógrafo digital injetando-se 2 ml de fluoresceína a 10 por cento (grupo estudo). Pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca e oximetria foram avaliadas antes e após a injeção de contraste. Reações orgânicas, relacionadas ao exame, foram notificadas. A qualidade das fotografias e os custos foram comparados entre as duas técnicas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que os pacientes do grupo controle apresentaram maior aumento da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Freqüência cardíaca, oximetria e reações adversas não demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. Quanto à qualidade das fotografias foi notado melhor desempenho no grupo controle. Quanto aos custos observou-se que o exame realizado no grupo estudo proporcionou economia de aproximadamente 54,8 por cento por exame em relação ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A realização do exame com menor dosagem de fluoresceína, utilizando equipamento digital com máquina de fotocópia a laser, proporcionou maior estabilidade da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, porém não exerceu influência sobre a freqüência cardíaca, oximetria e reações adversas como náusea, vômito, síncope e urticária. A qualidade das fotografias pode ser considerada inferior, porém possibilitou a realização de diagnóstico e orientação terapêutica para quem executou o exame. Economicamente apresentou geração de lucro de 66,26 por cento contra 25,81 por cento do equipamento convencional.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and cost of angiofluoresceinographic examination by using both the least amount of dye as well as digital equipment along with a laser photocopier. METHODS: Prospective and comparative study carried out in a group of 70 patients, who underwent an angiographic evaluation with a conventional retinographer injecting 5 ml sodium fluorescein at 10 percent (control group) as well as a group of 70 patients who underwent an angiographic evaluation with a digital retinographer injecting 2 ml fluorescein at 10 percent (study group). Arterial pressure, heart rate and oximetry were assessed prior to and after the dye injection. Organic reactions related to the examination were reported. Photograph quality as well as cost between the two techniques were compared. RESULTS: Control group patients showed a greater increase in systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. Heart rate, oximetry measurement and adverse reactions did not show any significant statistical differences between both groups. As for the quality of photographs, a better performance was noticed in the control group. As for the cost, the examination carried out in the study group required lower cost and thus saved around 54.8 percent per examination in relation to the control group. CONCLUSION: The examination carried out with a lower dose of fluorescein using digital equipment along with a laser photocopier provided greater stability in the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. However, it did not have any influence on heart rate, oximetry or adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, syncope and rashes. The quality of photographs was poor although they enabled diagnosis as well as therapy follow-up for those who carried out the examination. Moreover, economically the above procedure represented a gain of 66.26 percent, against 25.81 percent in relation to the conventional equipment.

Equipos de fotocopiado: riesgos y manejo seguro para especialistas de servicios técnicos y operadores / Photocopying equipment: risks and safe handling for technical services specialists and operators

Se realizó una recopilación de información técnica y científica, con el propósito de demostrar los potenciales riesgos existentes en las máquinas fotocopiadoras, tanto para los operadores como para los especialistas de servicios técnicos. Asimismo, se detectó la falta de conocimiento respecto de estos riesgos, a los que se ven diariamente enfrentadas las personas, condición que motivó el desarrollo de esta investigación, proponiéndose un protocolo de seguridad para todos aquéllos que se relacionan permanentemente con este tipo de máquinas, tanto en su trabajo diario como en un contacto periódico de mantenimiento.

Supply Center as an Agent for Copying / 日本農村医学会雑誌

The supply center of the Atsumi Hospital handles medicines, medical supplies, slips, stationery, daily necessities, resterilized things, laundries, linen and washing beds among many others. The center is striving to raise the efficiency of the flow of materials within the hospital and undertakes logistics management single-handed. In January 2003, one copier and one lithographic unit out of the total four duplicating and printing machines in the hospital were removed to the suppy center. Since then, the center has been responsible for handling these machines for individual users. How effective this office meanagement system was in saving time, cutting down on costs and increasing the degree of satisfaction felt by employees was examined as part of TQM activities.Between June 2003, when the advance booking system was adopted for the use of the two machines, and January 2004, it was found that the monthly reservation ratio averaged out 38.3%. A questionnaire survey also found that many menbers of the staff were satisfied as they could make good use of time. As regards cost reduction, the monthly rental for the copying machine was curtailed to ¥57,000. This was made possible as members of the supply center made proper use of the copier and lithography.

Impact of long term occupational exposure to ozone emitted from photocopiers on the respiratory system

The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of ozone in the indoor environment in photocopying centers and to investigate its possible respiratory effects among subjects engaged in the work in the photocopying process. Multiple air samples were collected from 4 photocopying centers and a control area containing no photocopying machines. Additionally, a questionnaire of respiratory symptoms was filled in [cough, phlegm, chest tightness and shortness of breath] and pulmonary function tests namely FVC% FEV1/FVC% and FEF25-75% were performed among 27 exposed subjects [15 females and 12 males] who were working in these photocopying centers and 29 matched control subjects [15 females and 14 males]. The measured ozone concentration exceeded the levels recommended by OSHA and NIOSH [200mg/m[3]] i.e 0. 1ppm in almost all air samples taken from the 4 photocopying centers. On the other hand, respiratory symptoms were statistically significantly more prevalent in the exposed group than in the controls. Similar results were obtained regarding the pulmonary function tests. On comparing the exposed subjects with >/= 5 years duration of work with those of < 5 years duration, there was a significant statistical difference [P<0.05] between the mean +/- SD of pulmonary function tests in both groups but no significant difference as regards the respiratory symptoms [P>0.05]. Comparison between the exposed females and males showed no statistical difference of significance. Correlation between the decline in pulmonary functions with duration of work and theTWA/8 hs of ozone was significant. Although, the ozone emitted from the photocopiers usually decays back to oxygen, it may exceed the recommended levels under certain conditions such as poor ventilation and bad maintenance. Long term occupational exposure to excessive amounts of ozone carries the risk of respiratory adverse effects with decline of pulmonary functions. Recommendations were stated to prevent the excessive ozone accumulation in the photocopying centers

Ozone emitted during copying process--a potential cause of pathological oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of operators / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the impact of copying on the indoor air quality, and to investigate whether ozone emitted during such a process induces pathological oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of operators.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>67 copying operators (CO) and 67 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which levels of lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and erythrocytes, and levels of vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the HV group, the average values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of VC, VE and beta-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of ozone level in copying sites and duration of exposure to ozone, the values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the bodies of operators were gradually increased,while those of VC, VE, beta-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were decreased in the same manner. Odds ratio (OR) of risk of biochemical parameters reflecting potential oxidative damage of the copying operators ranged from 4.440 to 13.516, and 95% CI of OR was from 2.113 to 34.061. Reliability coefficient (alpha) of the biochemical parameters used to reflect the potential oxidative damage of the operators was 0.8156, standardized item alpha=0.9929, P<0.0001.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Findings in the present study suggest that there exist a series of free radical chain reactions and pathological oxidative stress induced by high dose ozone in the operators, thereby causing potential oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.</p>

Quiste de diplicación esofagica, un hallazgo infrecuente / Cyst of duplication esophagical an uncommon discovery

La duplicación esofágica es una patología congénita que puede ser quística o tubular. Se cree que entre la 5 y 8 semana embrionaria por una falla en el proceso de vacuolización para formar la luz del esófago esto da como resultado la formación de los quistes esofágicos los cuales pueden estar recubiertos de diferentes tipos de epitelio, tener contenido y calcificaciones y estar recubiertos por capas de músculo liso, que el caso específico de los quistes de origen esofágico, deben tener doble capa de músculo liso y no tener cartílago bronquiales en su interior. Son un hallazgo infrecuente y constituyen el 0,5 por ciento al 2,5 por ciento de los tumores de benignos del esófago, su localización más frecuente en 1/3 inferior del esófago en cara lateral derecha. Más comúnmente diagnosticados en niños y raros en adultos, que son frecuentemente asintomáticos y diagnosticados en forma incidental. El ultrasonido endoscópico es el método hoy, de elección diagnóstico por permitirnos precisar las características de la lesión submucosa como, capa de donde se origina, patrón de la masa, tamaño y localización exacta, presencia de cartílago, calcificaciones, etc. La cirugía es recomendada por sus posibles complicaciones durante la evolución natural de la enfermedad y para establecer diagnóstico definitivo con la pieza resecada. Muy pocos reportes hay en la literatura mundial, a nuestro entender este seria el primero reportado en Venezuela

Photocopier - environment and health

The photocopier can cause the working environmental pollution and influence the human health. The sources from photocopier can influence the health including the photoconductive compounds, components of ink, dust of ink, polymer, ozone, light, ultraviolet ray, noise and heat... Therefore, it should assure the principles of recommendations in the installation, operation, and maintenance to prevent from the bad impacts for the health and environment

Avaliaçäo da capacidade de cópia de materiais de moldagem elastoméricos de diferentes sistemas por meio de uma técnica aplicável clinicamente / Evaluation of the copying ability of different elastomeric impression materials using a clinically applicable technique

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo comparativo entre diferentes sistemas de materiais de moldagem, tais como o polissulfeto, a silicona de condensaçäo e a silicona de adiçäo, através de uma nova técnica de avaliaçäo näo destrutiva e, conseqüentemente, aplicável clinicamente. A partir da confecçäo de próteses fixas de três elementos, fundidas em liga de níquel-cromo, obtiveram-se réplicas tridimensionais do espaço entre a restauraçäo e o preparo cavitário, utilizando-se uma silicona de condensaçäo. Essas réplicas foram avaliadas microscopicamente. Os resultados indicaram que, embora alguns materiais tenham apresentado comportamento superior, como o Permlastic e o Extrude, os outros materiais estudados tiveram comportamento clinicamente aceitável, desde que seus moldes sejam convenientemente manipulados, principalmente em relaçäo ao tempo de vazamento do gesso

Investigaçäo sobre o controle térmico PWM para a aplicaçäo em um instrumento PCR / Investigation of a thermal control PWM to application in a PCR instrument

Este trabalho apresenta o resultado sobre a investigação do sistema de controle térmico pelo processo PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), a ser utilizado no desenvolvimento de um instrumento de baixo custo para automação de experimentos com PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), que use fluxo de ar para transferência de calor.

Abstract: This paper shows the result of the investigation of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) thermal control process, applied to the development of a low cost PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) instrument, using air flow for the heat transfer

Oclusograma: um método auxiliar no planejamento ortodôntico / Occlusogram: an auxiliary method in the orthodontic planning

O uso do oclusograma foi introduzido por BURSTONE no final da década de cinquenta, visando a análise e o planejamento ortodôntico no plano transversal. Ele consite na reproduçäo das superfícies oclusais dos modelos de estudo do paciente, na proporçäo de 1:1, possibilitando a manipulaçäo dinâmica dos traçados oclusais. A proposta deste trabalho é descrever a técnica que vem sendo utilizada no curso de Pós-Graduaçäo em Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP, sua aplicaçöes e vantagens