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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(4): 758-767, Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1038568

ABSTRACT

Abstract Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has gained a prominent role in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. However, its anatomical nature does not allow the evaluation of the functional repercussion of coronary obstructions. It has been made possible to evaluate Myocardial computed tomography perfusion (Myocardial CTP) recently, based on myocardial contrast changes related to coronary stenoses. Several studies have validated this technique against the anatomical reference method (cardiac catheterization) and other functional methods, including myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and fractional flow reserve. The Myocardial CTP is performed in conjunction with the CCTA, a combined analysis of anatomy and function. The stress phase (with assessment of myocardial perfusion) can be performed before or after the resting phase (assessment of resting perfusion and coronary arteries), and different acquisition parameters are proposed according to the protocol and type of equipment used. Stressors used are based on coronary vasodilation (e.g. dipyridamole, adenosine). Image interpretation, similar to other perfusion assessment methods, is based on the identification and quantification of myocardial perfusion defects. The integration of both perfusion and anatomical findings is fundamental for the examination interpretation algorithm, allowing to define if the stenoses identified are hemodynamically significant and may be related to myocardial ischemia.


Resumo A angiografia coronariana por tomografia computadorizada (ACTC) assumiu um papel de destaque na avaliação da doença arterial coronariana. Entretanto, sua natureza anatômica não permitia a avaliação da repercussão funcional das obstruções coronarianas. Recentemente, tornou-se possível a avaliação da perfusão miocárdica por tomografia computadorizada (PMTC), baseando-se nas alterações de contrastação miocárdicas relacionadas às estenoses coronarianas. Diversos estudos permitiram validar esta técnica perante o método anatômico de referência (cateterismo cardíaco) e outros métodos funcionais, incluindo cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e a reserva de fluxo fracionada. A PMTC é realizada conjuntamente com a ACTC, em uma análise combinada de anatomia e função. A fase de estresse (com avaliação da perfusão miocárdica) pode ser realizada antes ou depois da fase de repouso (avaliação da perfusão de repouso e artérias coronárias), e diferentes parâmetros de aquisição são propostos conforme o protocolo e o tipo de equipamento utilizados. Os agentes estressores utilizados baseiam-se na vasodilatação coronariana (ex: dipiridamol, adenosina). A interpretação das imagens, semelhante a outros métodos de avaliação perfusional, baseia-se na identificação e quantificação de defeitos de perfusão miocárdicos. A integração dos achados perfusionais e anatômicos é parte fundamental do algoritmo de interpretação do exame, permitindo definir se as estenoses identificadas são hemodinamicamente significativas, podendo se relacionar com isquemia miocárdica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Angiography/methods , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Angiography/standards , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Contrast Media , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/standards , Computed Tomography Angiography/standards
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 99(4): 944-951, out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654261

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A estandardização do padrão de imagens utilizada dentro da medicina foi realizada em 1993 por meio do padrão DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). Diversos exames utilizam esse padrão e cada vez mais são necessários softwares capazes de manipular esse tipo de imagem, porém esses softwares geralmente não têm o formato livre e de código aberto, e isso dificulta o seu ajuste para os mais diferentes interesses. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e validar um software livre e de código aberto capaz de manipular imagens DICOM de exames de angiotomografia de coronárias. MÉTODOS: Desenvolvemos e testamos o software intitulado ImageLab na avaliação de 100 exames selecionados de forma randômica por meio de um banco de dados. Foram realizadas 600 análises divididas por dois observadores utilizando o ImageLab e um outro software comercializado junto a aparelhos de tomografia computadorizada Philips Brilliance, na avaliação da presença de lesões e placas coronarianas nos territórios do Tronco da Coronária Esquerda (TCE) e na Artéria Descendente Anterior (ADA). Para avaliar as concordâncias intraobservador, interobservadores e intersoftware, utilizamos concordância simples e estatística Kappa. RESULTADOS: As concordâncias observadas entre os softwares foram em geral classificadas como substancial ou quase perfeitas na maioria das comparações. CONCLUSÃO: O software ImageLab concordou com o software Philips na avaliação de exames de angiotomografia de coronárias especialmente em pacientes sem lesões, com lesões inferiores a 50% no TCE e inferiores a 70% na ADA. A concordância para lesão >70% na ADA foi menor, porém isso também é observado quando se utiliza o padrão de referência anatômico.


BACKGROUND: The standardization of images used in Medicine in 1993 was performed using the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard. Several tests use this standard and it is increasingly necessary to design software applications capable of handling this type of image; however, these software applications are not usually free and open-source, and this fact hinders their adjustment to most diverse interests. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a free and open-source software application capable of handling DICOM coronary computed tomography angiography images. METHODS: We developed and tested the ImageLab software in the evaluation of 100 tests randomly selected from a database. We carried out 600 tests divided between two observers using ImageLab and another software sold with Philips Brilliance computed tomography appliances in the evaluation of coronary lesions and plaques around the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and the anterior descending artery (ADA). To evaluate intraobserver, interobserver and intersoftware agreements, we used simple and kappa statistics agreements. RESULTS: The agreements observed between software applications were generally classified as substantial or almost perfect in most comparisons. CONCLUSION: The ImageLab software agreed with the Philips software in the evaluation of coronary computed tomography angiography tests, especially in patients without lesions, with lesions < 50% in the LMCA and < 70% in the ADA. The agreement for lesions > 70% in the ADA was lower, but this is also observed when the anatomical reference standard is used.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Coronary Angiography/methods , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Software , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Coronary Angiography/instrumentation , Coronary Angiography/standards , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/standards , Observer Variation , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/standards
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 20(4)out.-dez. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-577589

ABSTRACT

O avanço da tecnologia permitiu que a propedêutica pré-operatória, a monitorização e a terapêutica se tornassem mais adequadas para os cardiopatas, que são, cada vez mais, submetidos aos mais complexos procedimentos cirúrgicos. A avaliação pré-anestésica é fundamental em todos os pacientes, no intuito de oferecer o melhor cuidado possível.A integração entre o anestesista, o cardiologista e o cirurgião é essencial para o sucesso no tratamento. Com o objetivo de se predizer o risco cardíaco e, mais importante que isto, formular estratégias para melhorar o estado clínico no pré-operatório, vários índices foram elaborados e reavaliados, apresentando boa correlação. O clínico envolvido no tratamento de pacientes cardiopatas deve conhecer as interações medicamentosas, exames pré-operatórios necessários e a conduta perioperatória adequada para cada situação específica.


The advancement of technology allowed the preoperative workup, monitoring and therapy to become more suitable for cardiac patients, who are increasingly undergoing the most complex surgical procedures. The pre-anesthetic evaluation is essential in all patients in order to provide the best possible care. The integration between the anesthesiologist, the cardiologist and surgeon is essential for a successful treatment. In order to predict cardiac risk and, more important than this, to formulate strategies to improve the preoperative clinical status, several indices have been prepared and reviewed, showing good correlation. The clinician involved in treating patients with heart disease should be aware of drug interactions, necessary preoperative tests and perioperative management appropriate for each specific situation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia , Heart Diseases , Preoperative Care/classification , Coronary Angiography/standards , Monitoring, Physiologic
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 91(3): 179-184, set. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494313

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A angiografia vem sendo utilizada como padrão de referência para definição de doença arterial coronariana (DAC), embora suas limitações sejam conhecidas. O valor da medida do fluxo fracionado de reserva do miocárdio (FFR) na avaliação da DAC está bem estabelecido. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a acurácia da angiografia em definir as lesões isquêmicas e sua correlação com o FFR. MÉTODOS: Duzentos e cinqüenta pacientes foram incluídos no estudo (471 vasos). Todas as estenoses > 50 por cento pela estimativa visual da angiografia (EVA) foram avaliadas medindo-se o FFR. Se o FFR <0,75 a lesão foi tratada, se o FFR >0,75 a lesão não foi tratada. As lesões foram divididas em moderadas (<70 por cento - 327) e graves (125) pela QCA. Foram determinados o coeficiente de correlação entre o grau de estenose ( por centoDE), o FFR e a acurácia da EVA em definir se uma lesão era ou não isquêmica. RESULTADOS: Foi possível obter o FFR em 96 por cento das lesões. por centoDE e FFR médios de 56±8 por cento e 0,74 e 76±6 por cento e 0,48 para as lesões moderadas e graves respectivamente. Notou-se pobre correlação entre o por centoDE e o FFR, especialmente nas lesões moderadas (Spearman rho = - 0.33, p<0,0001). A acurácia da EVA comparada com FFR foi de 57 por cento e 96 por cento nas lesões moderadas versus graves. CONCLUSÃO: A angiografia coronária não é adequada para avaliar a importância funcional das lesões coronarianas, sendo necessário associá-la a um método funcional capaz de fazê-lo, especialmente nas lesões moderadas.


BACKGROUND: The angiography has been used as a reference standard to define coronary artery disease (CAD), although its limitations are well-known. The significance of the myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the assessment of CAD is well established. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of angiography when defining ischemic lesions and its correlation with FFR. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients (471 arteries) were included in this study. All stenoses > 50 percent at the angiography visual estimate (AVE) were assessed by FFR measurements. When FFR was < 0.75, stenting was performed; when FFR was > 0.75, no interventional treatment was carried out. Offline quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed in all stenoses, which were divided in intermediate (< 70 percent - 327) and severe (125). The correlation coefficients between the diameter of the stenosis ( percentDS) and FFR and the accuracy of VA of the angiography when assessing ischemia were determined. RESULTS: FFR could be obtained in 452 lesions (96 percent). Mean percentDS and FFR were 56 ± 8 percent and 0.74 and 76 ± 6 percent and 0.48 for moderate and severe stenoses, respectively. Concordance between QCA and FFR was poor, especially in intermediate stenoses (Spearman's rho = - 0.33, p<0.0001). Visual assessment resulted in an accuracy of 57 percent and 96 percent in intermediate and severe lesions, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neither the visual assessment of an angiogram nor QCA can accurately predict the significance of most intermediate coronary stenoses, which emphasizes the importance of associating it to a functional evaluation of the coronary circulation, resulting in an adequate treatment of these stenoses.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Angiography/standards , Coronary Stenosis/diagnosis , Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial/physiology , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Chi-Square Distribution , Coronary Stenosis/physiopathology , Coronary Stenosis/surgery , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology , Myocardial Ischemia/surgery , Severity of Illness Index
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 89(5): 290-297, nov. 2007. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-470049

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morbi-mortalidade nos diabéticos. A isquemia do miocárdio é freqüentemente assintomática levando ao diagnóstico tardio e pior prognóstico. Sabe-se que a mulher diabética tem risco de morte cardiovascular maior em relação ao sexo masculino. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) em diabéticas assintomáticas. Comparar os resultados do teste ergométrico (TE), do teste cardiopulmonar (TCP) e da cintilografia do miocárdio sob estímulo farmacológico com dipiridamol (CM) com os achados da cinecoronariografia (CINE) verificando o método de maior acurácia na identificação de DAC significativa. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 104 diabéticas que realizaram TE, TCP e CM no período de dois meses da CINE. As cintilografias com MIBI-99mTc foram realizadas pela técnica de gated-SPECT. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes x² de Pearson e t de Student, sendo realizada, ainda, análise de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de DAC no grupo estudado foi de 32,7 por cento. No TE, o teste eficaz (p=0,045), a incompetência cronotrópica (p=0,031) e o tempo de esforço realizado (p=0,022) apresentaram associação significativa com DAC. No TCP, o VO2pico e a FC atingida apresentaram associação com DAC (p=0,004 e p=0,025). A maioria das variáveis da CM mostrou importante associação com DAC (todas com p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos sugerem elevada prevalência de DAC em pacientes diabéticas assintomáticas, devendo ser essa uma população investigada do ponto de vista cardiovascular. Dos métodos diagnósticos não-invasivos que foram empregados, o que mostrou ter maior poder de discriminação em relação às portadoras de DAC foi a CM com dipiridamol.


BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic individuals. Myocardial ischemia is frequently asymptomatic, thus leading to a late diagnosis and worse prognosis. Diabetic women are known to have a cardiovascular death risk higher than that in men. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic diabetic women. To compare the results of exercise test (ET), cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and dipyridamole myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) with the findings of coronary angiography, (ANGI) in order of identify the most accurate method in the detection of significant CAD. METHODS: A total of 104 diabetic women were assessed with ET, CPET and MPS in the period within two months from the ANGI. MIBI-99mTc scintigraphy was performed using the gated-SPECT technique. Pearson's chi-square, Student's t tests were used for the statistical analysis and also the logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of CAD in the group studied was 32.7 percent. For the ET, an effective test (p=0.045), the chronotropic incompetence (p=0.031), and the exercise time performed (p=0.022) showed a significant association with DAC. For CPET, peak VO2 and HR achieved were associated with CAD (p=0.004 and p=0.025, respectively). Most of the MPS variables showed a significant association with CAD (p=0.001, for all). CONCLUSION: The results obtained may suggest a high prevalence of CAD in diabetic women. Thus, this population should be investigated from the cardiovascular point of view even without cardiac symptom. Of the noninvasive diagnostic methods used, dipyridamole MPS was the one that showed the highest discrimination power in relation to diabetic women with CAD.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease , /complications , Diabetic Angiopathies , Dipyridamole , Vasodilator Agents , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Coronary Angiography/standards , Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology , Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology , Exercise Test/standards , Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology , Myocardial Ischemia , Prevalence , Radiopharmaceuticals
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(7): 829-838, jul. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-461909

ABSTRACT

Background: There are guidelines about equipment, premises, personnel, indications and complications rates for coronary angiography, that every center performing this procedure should adhere. Aim: To report the experience with 5.000 coronary angiographies and to assess the compliance of the center with the current guidelines. Material and methods: Prospective registry of 5.000 patients aged 60±11 years (3.475 males) subjected to coronary angiography since 1992, assessing all aspects of the procedure with special emphasis on complications. Results: The indications for 80 percent of procedures was suspected coronary atherosclerosis. The main risk factors were hypertension and smoking. Coronary atherosclerosis was demonstrated in 62 percent, mainly one vessel disease. These were two deaths due to the procedure (0.04 percent), three patients (0.06 percent) had an acute myocardial infarction or a stroke. These figures are lower than referential values. Conclusions: In this center, coronary angiography is a safe procedure, with complications rates that are even lower than referential values.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease , Guideline Adherence , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Coronary Angiography/adverse effects , Coronary Angiography/mortality , Coronary Angiography/standards , Coronary Artery Disease/pathology , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Hypertension/complications , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Prospective Studies , Renal Insufficiency/etiology , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Diseases/etiology
10.
Pakistan Heart Journal. 1989; 22 (2): 32-8
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-14529

ABSTRACT

A retrospective study was carried out on 99 patients, who had undergone coronary arteriography to evaluate whether certain new electrocardiographic criteria could effectively enhance the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the electrocardiographic stress test over the conventional criteria The new criteria employed included slow upsloping ST. segment depression, exercise induced increase in R-wave amplitude and septal Q-wave phenomenon as against conventional criteria, i.e., horizontal or down sloping ST. segment depression


Subject(s)
Exercise Test/standards , Coronary Angiography/standards , Retrospective Studies
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