ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines and KC-like cells (natural killer) in pregnant bitches, unpublished values for the species. A total of 27 females of the Shi Tzu, Pug, English Bulldog and French breeds, weighing 4-20kg and aged 4-6 years were used. Blood samples were collected from bitches during the anestrous and on the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th week of pregnancy. Serum levels of cytokines were measured by panel MILLIPLEX MAP (CCYTO-90K, MILLIPORE, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA) validated for dogs. Twenty four females showed physiological pregnancy and three bitches showed pathological pregnancy. There was no difference between cytokine values during anestrous and gestational weeks of bitches (P>0.05). However, it was possible to verify the physiological behavior of serum levels during modulation of immune response in the gestational process of animals. In animals with gestational disorders, abnormal values for IL-2, IL-4 and INF-y were noted. It was concluded that serum levels of cytokines evaluated in pregnant bitches can help the better understanding of physiological and pathological gestational processes and correlated immunology in this species...
Objetivou-se por meio deste estudo determinar o perfil das citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α e células KC-like (natural killer) em cadelas gestantes, valores que são inéditos para a espécie. Foram utilizadas 27 fêmeas das raças Shi-tzu, Pug, Bulldog Inglês e Francês, pesando de 4 a 20 kg e com idade entre quatro e seis anos. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas das cadelas durante o anestro e na segunda, quinta, sexta, sétima e oitava semanas gestacionais. Os níveis séricos de citocinas foram dosados pelo painel MILLIPLEX MAP (CCYTO-90K, MILLIPORE, Billerica, Massachusetts, EUA) validado para cães. Vinte e quatro fêmeas apresentaram gestação fisiológica e três cadelas, gestação patológica. Não foi verificada diferença entre os valores das citocinas durante anestro e nas semanas gestacionais das cadelas (P>0,05). Entretanto, foi possível verificar o comportamento fisiológico dos níveis séricos durante a modulação da resposta imune no processo gestacional dos animais. Verificaram-se, nos animais com afecções gestacionais, valores alterados para IL-2, IL-4 e INF-y. Pôde-se concluir que os valores séricos das citocinas avaliadas, nas cadelas gestantes, podem auxiliar no maior conhecimento dos processos fisiológicos e patológicos da gestação, correlacionados à imunologia, nessa espécie...
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Dogs/embryology , Cytokines/immunology , Cytokines/isolation & purification , Pregnancy, Animal/physiology , Pregnancy Complications/veterinary , Animal Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
T cell clones were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Schistosoma haematobium infected and uninfected individuals living in an endemic area. The clones were stimulated with S. haematobium worm and egg antigens and purified protein derivative. Attempts were made to classify the T cell clones according to production of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma. All the T cell clones derived were observed to produce cytokines used as markers for the classification of Th1/Th2 subsets. However, the 'signature' cytokines marking each subset were produced at different levels. The classification depended on the dominating cytokine type, which was having either Th0/1 or Th0/2 subsets. The results indicated that no distinct cytokine profiles for polarisation of Th1/Th2 subsets were detected in these S. haematobium infected humans. The balance in the profiles of cytokines marking each subset were related to infection and re-infection status after treatment with praziquantel. In the present study, as judged by the changes in infection status with time, the T cell responses appeared to be less stable and more dynamic, suggesting that small quantitative changes in the balance of the cytokines response could result in either susceptibility or resistant to S. haematobium infection
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Schistosoma haematobium/immunology , Schistosomiasis haematobia/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/classification , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Antigens, Helminth , Cell Line , Clone Cells/classification , Clone Cells/metabolism , Cytokines/analysis , Cytokines/isolation & purification , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Follow-Up Studies , Parasite Egg Count , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Schistosomiasis haematobia/drug therapy , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/classification , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism , Th1 Cells/classification , Th1 Cells/metabolism , Th2 Cells/classification , Th2 Cells/metabolism , TitrimetryABSTRACT
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dengue infection. This study reports cytokine levels in a total of 54 patients examined in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Five out of eight patients who had hemorrhagic manifestations presented tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in sera which were statistically higher than those recorded for controls. In contrast, only one out of 16 patients with mild manifestations had elevated TNF-alpha levels. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL), IL-1beta tested in 24 samples and IL-12 in 30 samples were not significantly increased. Interferon-g was present in 10 out of 30 patients with dengue. The data support the concept that the increased level of TNF-alpha is related to the severity of the disease. Soluble TNF receptor p75 was found in most patients but it is unlikely to be related to severity since it was found with an equivalent frequency and levels in 15 patients with dengue fever and another 15 with dengue hemorrhagic fever