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1.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 36(2): 94-100, Aug. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727242

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe how the Government of Mexico and other direct stakeholders perceive children orphaned by the drug war; to determine the current measures addressing this as a public health problem; and to compare these measures to international frameworks so that relevant recommendations can be identified. METHODS: This was an exploratory, descriptive case study using qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were performed with key informants at the federal, state, and municipal government levels in Mexico, as well as non-governmental organizations, and other institutes working with orphans. Participants were identified with a purposive snowball sample. RESULTS: No official definition of "orphan" was identified; nor was there a shared perception among the key informants of what constitutes being an orphan. An official, collective definition is important because it modifies the quantity of children categorized as such within the target population. Although most of the interviewees perceive that the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) has increased in the last 6 years, they acknowledged there is no reliable data to prove it. The increase, they believe, is due not to the drug war, but to a loss of family cohesion. Stakeholders recommend improving public policies, currently identified as the most difficult barrier to overcome due to a perceived inability to modify existing laws. However, the General Law for Victims was recently passed by the Government of Mexico and addresses many of the challenges identified. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to the international frameworks, there are three major issues in Mexico's current situation: coordination among and within stakeholders; emphasis on using community solutions; and putting in place preventive programs. For two of these problems, the General Law of Victims offers solutions.


OBJETIVO: Describir cómo el Gobierno de México y otros interesados directos perciben el tema de los niños huérfanos como consecuencia de la lucha contra el narcotráfico; determinar las iniciativas actuales que abordan este tema como un problema de salud pública; y comparar estas iniciativas con los marcos internacionales con objeto de poder determinar las recomendaciones pertinentes. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio de casos exploratorio y descriptivo que utilizó métodos cualitativos. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con informantes clave a escalas federal, estatal y municipal del gobierno de México, así como con organizaciones no gubernamentales y otras instituciones que colaboraban con los huérfanos. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo intencionado de bola de nieve. RESULTADOS: No se encontró ninguna definición oficial de "huérfano"; ni existía entre los informantes clave una percepción compartida de lo que constituye ser un huérfano. Es importante que exista una definición oficial y colectiva porque modifica la cantidad de niños clasificados como tales entre la población examinada. Aunque la mayor parte de los entrevistados perciben que el número de niños huérfanos y vulnerables (NHV) ha aumentado en los seis últimos años, también reconocen que no existen datos fidedignos que lo demuestren. Creen que el aumento no se debe a la lucha contra el narcotráfico sino a una pérdida de la cohesión familiar. Los interesados directos recomiendan mejorar las políticas públicas, que actualmente se consideran como la barrera más difícil de superar, dada la incapacidad percibida para modificar las leyes existentes. Sin embargo, el Gobierno de México aprobó recientemente la Ley General de Víctimas, que aborda muchos de los retos señalados. CONCLUSIONES: En comparación con los marcos internacionales, existen tres asuntos principales en la situación actual de México: la coordinación entre y dentro de los distintos grupos de interesados directos; el énfasis en el empleo de soluciones comunitarias; y la implantación de programas preventivos. La Ley General de Víctimas ofrece una solución para dos de estos problemas.


Subject(s)
Child, Orphaned , Drug Trafficking/prevention & control , Exposure to Violence , Mexico
2.
Cad. psicol. soc. trab ; 17(spe): 129-140, jun. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-717512

ABSTRACT

A irrupção do tráfico de drogas em bairros populares desestabiliza cotidianamente ações de numerosos profissionais (professores, educadores, animadores etc.). Alguns dentre eles recusam acomodar-se a tal situação. Em Marselha, Paris e em Seine-Saint-Denis, algumas instituições decidiram criar espaços de troca em torno do tema da prevenção do envolvimento dos jovens no tráfico, a fim de sustentar seus engajamentos. Chamado a animar esses grupos, o autor se apoiou em um dispositivo próprio da clinica sociológica, baseado na construção de saberes. A partir de então, os participantes desses grupos dispõem de uma leitura mais fina sobre as redes de tráfico de drogas e sobre a participação dos jovens nessas redes. Eles construíram um posicionamento profissional mais solidário no cotidiano e desenvolvem cooperações horizontais mais fecundas. Eles também criaram pistas originais de trabalho. Finalmente, o autor se interroga sobre a maneira pela qual tal iniciativa pode ser útil - não apenas aos participantes, mas também a todos que são (ou serão) confrontados com esses problemas em seus espaços de intervenção...


L'irruption de trafics de drogues dans les quartiers populaires déstabilise au quotidien les pratiques de nombreux professionnels (enseignants, éducateurs, animateur etc.). Certains d'entre eux refusent de s'accommoder d'une telle situation. A Marseille, à Paris et en Seine Saint Denis, des institutions ont décidé de mettre en place des espaces d'échange autour du thème de la prévention de l'implication des jeunes dans les trafics afin d'étayer leur engagement. Sollicité pour les animer, l'auteur a pris appui sur un dispositif propre à la clinique sociologique qui repose sur la co-construction des savoirs. Les participants à la démarche disposent désormais d'une lecture plus fine des réseaux de trafics de drogues et de la participation des jeunes à ces derniers. Ils construisent un positionnement professionnel plus aidant au quotidien et développent des coopérations horizontales plus fécondes. Ils ont aussi dégagé des pistes de travail originales. L'auteur s'interroge, in fine, sur la façon dont une telle démarche pourrait être utile non seulement à ces participants mais aussi à tous ceux qui sont aujourd'hui (ou seront demain) confrontés à ces problèmes sur leur territoire d'intervention...


The irruption of drug trafficking in popular districts destabilises the daily practices of many specialists (teachers, educators, leaders, etc.) Some of them refuse to accept this situation. In Marseille, Paris and Seine Saint Denis, institutions have decided to implement spaces for exchange aimed at preventing young people from becoming involved in drug trafficking and to support their commitment. Asked to lead them, the author used a system from clinical sociology based on co-constructing knowledge. The participants in this process now have a finer understanding of drug trafficking networks and how young people are involved in them. They built a professional positioning which is more able to help on a daily basis and which gives rise to more productive horizontal cooperation. They were also able to identify more original possibilities. The author ultimately questions the way in which such a process may be useful, not only for these participants, but also for all those who today are (or tomorrow will be) confronted with these problems in their own areas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Primary Prevention , Illicit Drugs , Drug Trafficking/prevention & control
3.
Salud colect ; 8(1): 9-24, enero-abr. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640463

ABSTRACT

América Latina es actualmente la región con mayor tasa de homicidios a nivel mundial, y gran parte de los asesinatos están vinculados al denominado crimen organizado, especialmente al narcotráfico. El narcotráfico es producto de la ilegalización de ciertas sustancias, la cual -por lo menos en la actualidad- está basada y legitimada en criterios biomédicos que convierten la producción, comercialización y frecuentemente el consumo de ciertas sustancias consideradas adictivas en "delitos contra la salud". En este texto se analizan en forma sucinta las dos políticas formuladas y aplicadas hasta ahora en términos prohibicionistas y de reducción de daños, considerando el fracaso del prohibicionismo, así como las limitaciones de las propuestas de reducción de daños. Respecto del prohibicionismo se señalan sus múltiples y constantes incongruencias y contradicciones, lo cual implica que tomemos con cautela los reiterados señalamientos sobre su "fracaso". El texto propone la aplicación de una política de reducción de riesgos que incluya no solo los comportamientos de sujetos y grupos, sino también la dimensión estructural tanto en términos económico-políticos como culturales.


Latin America is currently the region with the highest rate of homicides worldwide, and a large part of the killings are linked to so-called organized crime, especially drug trafficking. The trafficking of drugs is a consequence of the illegality of certain substances which - at least presently - is based in and legitimated by biomedical criteria that turns the production, commercialization and often the consumption of certain substances considered addictive into "offenses against health." This text briefly analyzes the two policies formulated and implemented thus far in terms of prohibition and harm reduction, considering the failure of prohibitionism as well as the limitations of harm reduction proposals. The constant and multiple inconsistencies and contradictions of prohibitionism are noted, indicating the necessity of regarding cautiously repeated comments about its "failure." The text proposes the implementation of a policy of risk reduction that includes not only the behavior of individuals and groups, but also the structural dimension, both in economic-political and cultural terms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Trafficking/prevention & control , Drug and Narcotic Control/methods , Harm Reduction , Health Policy , Homicide/prevention & control , Risk Reduction Behavior , Drug Trafficking/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Latin America , United States
4.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 20(3 supl.4): 50-54, out.-dez. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-907140

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o Brasil é atualmente a principal rota de tráfico de drogas da América Latina. Em aeroportos internacionais, passageiros com perfil considerado como suspeito pela Polícia Federal são conduzidos até serviços de pronto-atendimento para serem avaliados, ainda que assintomáticos e sem alterações visíveis. Objetivos: discutir, a partir de um relato de caso, os métodos de imagem diagnósticos para body packers mais utilizados na prática. Métodos: relato de caso de paciente atendido pelo Centro de Informações e Atendimento Toxicológico (CIAT) do Hospital Pronto-Socorro João XXIII em Belo Horizonte (MG). Resultados: um paciente trazido pela Polícia Federal, que negava ter ingerido pacotes de cocaína e estava assintomático com exame físico normal, foi submetido à propedêutica por imagem. Foi realizado uma tomografia computadorizada (TC) de abdome que evidenciou inúmeros corpos estranhos pelo trato gastrointestinal do paciente. Foi realizado também uma radiografia simples de abdome não foi útil em mostrar com precisão a localização e quantificação dos papelotes. Conclusões: tendo em vista o fato de que a ruptura de um único invólucro pode provocar intoxicação grave e muitas vezes fatal, a ausência de mensuração quantitativa e os falso-negativos da radiografia simples de abdome tornam esse método limitado. Sugerimos que a TC seja o método de imagem inicial, o que garante maior rapidez e precisão no manejo do caso, economia no tempo de estadia do paciente e maior segurança para o mesmo.(AU)


Introduction: Brazil is currently the main drug traffic route of Latin America. At international airports, passengers considered as suspect by the Federal Police are driven to emergency care services to be evaluated, even if asymptomatic and no visible abnormalities. Objectives: discuss, from a case report, the most used in practice diagnostic imaging methods. Methods: case report of patient assisted by the Center for Information and Toxicological Assistance (CIAT), Hospital Pronto-Socorro João XXIII in Belo Horizonte (MG). Results: a patient brought by the Federal Police, denied having ingested packets of cocaine and was asymptomatic with a normal physical examination, underwent imaging workup. A computed tomography (CT) was performed and revealed that many foreign bodies into the gastrointestinal tract of the patient. A plain abdominal x-ray was also made and wasn't helpful in showing the exact location and quantification of packets. Conclusions: considering the fact that the rupture of a single packet can cause severe intoxication, often fatal, the absence of quantitative measurement and the false-negative of plain abdominal x-ray make this method limited. We suggest that CT should be the initial imaging method, which provides greater speed and accuracy in handling the case, reducing the patient's length of stay and providing greater security.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Drug Trafficking/prevention & control , Body Packing , Radiography, Abdominal , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Cocaine/poisoning
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