Incubation variables, performance, and morphometry of the duodenal mucosa of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submitted to different incubation temperatures and thermally challenged after hatching / [Variáveis de incubação, desempenho e morfometria da mucosa duodenal de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de incubação e desafiadas termicamente após eclosão]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different temperatures on incubation variables, performance, and morphometry of the duodenal mucosa of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submitted to chronic heat stress after hatching. We distributed 540 eggs in three incubators with a temperature of 37.8°C and 60% of humidity. From the 6th day of incubation until hatching, the temperatures were adjusted to (37.8°C, 38.5°C and 39.5°C). After hatching, quails were evaluated for the quality score, weighed, and distributed in a completely randomized design with three incubation temperatures (37.8, 38.5, and 39.5°C) and two ambient temperatures (stress and thermoneutral). At 10, 20, 30, and 40 days they were weighed to determine the live weight (g) and weight gain(g). To collect the duodenum and determine morphometric parameters, we euthanized four quails of each treatment. The data were analyzed, and the differences between the means determined by the Tukey test at 5%. The incubation temperature of 39.5°C provided lower hatching rate and the live weight at birth; however, from the 10th day of age, increased live weight, weight gain, and positively influenced the morphological parameters of the duodenal mucosa in situations of chronic stress.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas de incubação sobre as variáveis de incubação, desempenho e morfometria da mucosa duodenal de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submetidas ao estresse térmico crônico por calor após eclosão. Foram distribuídos 540 ovos em três incubadoras, com temperatura de 37,8°C e umidade 60%. A partir do sexto dia de incubação até a eclosão, as temperaturas foram ajustadas para 37,8°C, 38,5°C e 39,5°C. Após a eclosão, as codornas foram avaliadas quanto ao escore de qualidade, pesadas e distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três temperaturas de incubação (37,8ºC, 38,5ºC e 39,5°C) e duas temperaturas ambientes (estresse e termoneutro). Aos 10, 20, 30 e 40 dias, foram pesadas para determinar o peso vivo (g) e o ganho de peso(g). Quatro codornas de cada tratamento foram eutanasiadas para coleta do duodeno, para determinar os parâmetros morfométricos. Os dados foram analisados e as diferenças entre as médias foram determinadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A temperatura de incubação de 39,5°C proporcionou menor taxa de eclosão e menor peso vivo ao nascer, entretanto, a partir do 10° dia de idade, essa temperatura aumentou o peso vivo, o ganho de peso e influenciou positivamente os parâmetros morfológicos da mucosa duodenal em situações de estresse crônico.(AU)

Morfologia do estômago e do duodeno da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) / Morphology of the stomach and duodenum of paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766)

Considerando a importância da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766), tanto como fonte proteica alternativa para a população quanto pela possibilidade de vir a se tornar um animal de experimentação e pela falta de informações sobre a sua anatomia, objetivou-se descrever a morfologia macroscópica e histológica do estômago e do duodeno desse roedor, reconhecendo as relações, forma e posição que esses órgãos estabelecem entre si e com outros órgãos. O estômago da paca é unicavitário, está no plano médio mais voltado para o antímero esquerdo, transversalmente, na região hipocôndrica em posição ventrocaudal, interposto entre o esôfago e o duodeno. O duodeno da paca se inicia em sequência ao estômago, segue caudalmente até o nível da quinta ou sexta vértebra lombar, na altura das quais se curva e toma direção cranial, dirigindo-se até o nível da transição entre a última vértebra torácica e a primeira vértebra lombar, onde se continua como jejuno. Histologicamente, o estômago e o duodeno da paca possuem o padrão característico da arquitetura dos órgãos ocos, apresentando as seguintes túnicas: mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa. Da forma que se conduziu este estudo, conclui-se que o estômago e duodeno da paca, de forma geral, possuem características morfológicas macroscópicas e histológicas semelhantes às dos animais domésticos e de outros roedores selvagens.

Considering the importance of paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) as an alternative protein source for the population as well as the possibility to become an experimental model and the lack of information regarding to the anatomy of this species, the present study aims to describe the gross anatomy and the histology of the stomach and duodenum of this rodent, recognizing the relations, shape and position that these organs establish between themselves and among other organs. The paca stomach is monocavitary; it is located at the median plane, more toward the left antimere, transversally, at the hypochondriac region in a ventrocaudal position, interposed between the esophagus and duodenum. The duodenum of paca begins in sequence of the stomach, following caudally until the fifth or sixth lumbar vertebra, at this level it curves and takes the cranial direction, going until the transition level between the last thoracic vertebra and the first lumbar vertebra where it continues as jejune. Histologically, the stomach and duodenum of paca have the characteristic pattern of the hollow organs architecture, presenting the following layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous. As this study was conducted, it is possible to conclude that the stomach and duodenum of paca, in general, present gross anatomical and histological characteristics similar to the domestic animals and to the other wild rodents.

MRI Findings of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Duodenal Abnormalities and Variations

This pictorial review aims to illustrate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and presentation patterns of anatomical variations and various benign and malignant pathologies of the duodenum, including sphincter contraction, major papilla variation, prominent papilla, diverticulum, annular pancreas, duplication cysts, choledochocele, duodenal wall thickening secondary to acute pancreatitis, postbulbar stenosis, celiac disease, fistula, choledochoduodenostomy, external compression, polyps, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, ampullary carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. MRI is a useful imaging tool for demonstrating duodenal pathology and its anatomic relationships with adjacent organs, which is critical for establishing correct diagnosis and planning appropriate treatment, especially for surgery.

The Relation between Inferior Mesenteric Vein Ligation and Collateral Vessels to Splenic Flexure: Anatomical Landmarks, Technical Precautions and Clinical Significance

PURPOSE: Our aim to assess clinical significance of the relation between inferior mesenteric vein ligation and collateral blood supply (meandering mesenteric artery) to the splenic flexure with elaboration more in anatomical landmarks and technical tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We review the literature regarding the significance of the collateral vessels around inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) root and provide our prospective operative findings, anatomical landmarks and technical tips. We analyzed the incidence and pattern of anatomic variation of collateral vessels around the IMV. RESULTS: A total of 30 consecutive patients have been prospectively observed in a period between June 25-2012 and September 7-2012. Nineteen males and eleven females with mean age of 63 years. Major colorectal procedures were included. There were three anatomical types proposed, based on the relation between IMV and the collateral vessel. Type A and B in which either the collateral vessel crosses or runs close to the IMV with incidence of 43.3% and 13.3%, respectively, whereas type C is present in 43.3%. There was no definitive relation between the artery and vein. No intra or postoperative ischemic events were reported. CONCLUSION: During IMV ligation, inadvertent ligation of Arc of Riolan or meandering mesenteric artery around the IMV root "in type A&B" might result in compromised blood supply to the left colon, congestion, ischemia and different level of colitis or anastomotic dehiscence. Therefore, careful dissection and skeletonization at the IMV root "before ligation if necessary" is mandatory to preserve the collateral vessel for the watershed area and to avoid further injury.

Efeito da influência de probiótico sobre a morfologia intestinal de codornas japonesas / Effect of influence of probiotic on the intestinal morphology of Japanese quail

O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da suplementação de probiótico (Bacillus subtilis (3x108 UFC/g), Aspergillus orizae (4x106 UFC/g) e Saccharomyces cerevisae (2x108 UFC/g) sobre a morfologia intestinal de codornas japonesas. Foram utilizadas 400 pintainhas, criadas até 35 dias de idade, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos: controle e probiótico, três repetições/tratamento. Aos sete, 21 e 35 dias de idade foram coletados fragmentos do duodeno das aves para obtenção dos seguintes parâmetros: altura de vilos; profundidade de criptas; número de células caliciformes, e relação vilo/cripta. O probiótico, quando adicionado à dieta, causou no parâmetro profundidade de cripta efeito de interação (probiótico/dia) aos 35 dias de idade, apresentando menor valor. Para altura de vilos e número de células caliciformes, não houve efeito do aditivo, apenas efeito linear (do tempo). Quanto à relação vilo/cripta, não se obteve significância para os tratamentos testados, apenas efeito quadrático em função do tempo.

The present study was to evaluate the influence of supplementation of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis (3x108 UFC/g),Aspergillus oryzae (4x106 UFC/g) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2x108 UFC/g) on the intestinal morphology of Japanese quail. 400 chicks were used in place until 35 days of age, in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments: control and probiotic, 3 replicates/treatment. At 07, 21, 35 days old were collected fragments of the duodenum of birds to obtain the following parameters height of villi, depth of crypts, number of goblet cells; relationship villus/crypt. The probiotic in addition to the diet resulted in parameter crypt depth of the interaction effect (probiotic / day) at 35 days of age, showing lower value. For height of villi and number of goblet cells no effect of the additive, only the linear effect (time). In the ratio villus/crypt significance is not obtained for the treatments tested only quadratic effect due to time.

Fetal Topographical Anatomy of the Pancreatic Head and Duodenum with Special Reference to Courses of the Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide better understanding as to how the "double" vascular arcades, in contrast to other intestinal marginal vessels, develop along the right margin of the pancreatic head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In human fetuses between 8-30 weeks, we described the topographical anatomy of the vessels, bile duct, duodenum as well as the ventral and dorsal primordia of the pancreatic head with an aid of pancreatic polypeptide immunohisto-chemistry. RESULTS: The contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament crossed the superior side of the pylorus. Moreover, the right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery ran along the superior aspect of the pancreatic head. An arterial arcade, corresponding to the posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, encircled the superior part of the pancreatic head, whereas another arcade, corresponding to the anterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, surrounded the inferior part. The dorsal promordium of the pancreas surrounded and/or mixed the ventral primordium at 13-16 weeks. Thus, both arterial arcades were likely to attach to the dorsal primordium. CONCLUSION: The fetal anatomy of the pancreaticoduodenal vascular arcades as well as that of the hepatoduodenal ligament were quite different from adults in topographical relations. Thus, in the stage later than 30 weeks, further rotation of the duodenum along a horizontal axis seemed to be required to move the pylorus posterosuperiorly and to reflect the superior surface of the pancreatic head posteriorly. However, to change the topographical anatomy of the superior and inferior arterial arcades into the final position, re-arrangement of the pancreatic parenchyma might be necessary in the head.

Infl uence of dietary calcium content on intestinal permeability in rat.

Background & objectives: Agents that increase the permeability of intestinal epithelium promote the absorption of nutrients by the gut. High calcium concentration in the gut has been shown to enhance passive transport of glucose in the rat intestine. An increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelium may account for this observation. The present study was aimed at monitoring the permeability of intestine of rats fed high or low calcium diets. Methods: Everted intestinal sacs were used to study transports of substances across the gut. While radioactive and non radioactive calcium isotopes were employed to study the active transport and passive transport of calcium, transport of labelled mannitol was taken as a measure of passive permeability. Results: High calcium diet increased the passive transport of mannitol and calcium while decreasing the active transport of calcium by the everted gut sacs. Interpretation & conclusion: Passive mechanisms are enhanced by high calcium diet, while low calcium diet favours active transport. Calcium in the diet may be affecting intestinal transport.

Density and morphometry of overall myenteric neurons population from the duodenum of diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus) under ascorbic acid supplementation / Densidad y morfometría de la población total de neuronas mientéricas del duodeno de ratones diabéticos (Rattus norvegicus) tratados con ácido ascórbico

The objective of this work was to evaluate the overall myenteric neurons population from the duodenum of adult streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats supplemented with ascorbic acid (AA), a potent antioxidant. Fifteen 90-day-old rats were divided in groups: control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic treated with ascorbic acid (DA). After 120 days of experimental period duodenums were resected and processed as whole-mount preparations according to Giemsa's technique, which allowed us to evaluate neuronal density in an area of 8.96 mm² and measure the area of 500 neuronal cell bodies per group. It was observed a 32.55% reduction in neuronal density of group D when compared to group C (p<0.05). The density of spared neurons in group DA, in relation to group D, was not statistically different in this experimental model. No significant differences were found in neuronal areas when groups C and D or group D and DA were compared (p>0.05). These results lead us to conclude that the density of overall myenteric neurons population from the duodenum was reduced in diabetic rats (D), when compared to its control (C); and that diabetic rats supplemented with AA (DA) did not have their neuronal density preserved when compared to diabetic animals (D).

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la población total de neuronas mientéricas del duodeno de ratones adultos inducidos a diabetes por estreptozotocina, suplementados con ácido ascórbico (AA), un poderoso antioxidante. Quince ratones con 90 días de edad fueron divididos en los grupos: control (C), diabético (D) y diabético tratados con ácido ascórbico (DA). Después de 120 días de tratamiento con AA, los duodenos fueron resecados y procesados con el método de Giemsa, el cual permitió evaluar la densidad neuronal, en un área de 8,96 mm², y medir el área del soma de 500 neuronas por grupo. Se observó una reducción de 32,55% de la densidad neuronal del grupo D con respecto grupo C (p<0,05). La densidad de las neuronas observada en el grupo DA, en relación con el grupo D, no fue estadísticamente significativa en este modelo experimental. No fueron encontradas diferencias significativas en las áreas de neuronas, cuando los grupos C y D o el grupo D y DA (p>0,05) fueron comparados. Nuestros resultados permitieron concluir que la densidad de la población total de las neuronas mioentéricas del duodeno estuvo reducida en los ratones diabéticos comparados con los controles, mientras que, los ratones diabéticos suplementados con AA no mantuvieron su densidad neuronal cuando fueron comparados con los animales del grupo diabético.

Morfometria da mucosa duodenal em frangos de corte submetidos à temperatura ambiente cíclica elevada / Intestinal morphometry of the duodenal mucosa in broiler chickens underwent to high cyclic environment temperature

Os efeitos da temperatura ambiente cíclica elevada sobre a morfometria da mucosa duodenal e o peso corporal em frangos de corte foram avaliados. Setenta pintos de corte, machos, foram alojados em gaiolas e distribuídos em dois grupos. Um grupo foi submetido diariamente, durante uma hora, à temperatura ambiente cíclica elevada do primeiro até o 42º dia de idade (ambiente ST); e outro foi mantido em conforto térmico (ambiente TN). Cinco frangos de cada grupo foram sacrificados, semanalmente, por deslocamento cervical para mensuração da altura de vilosidades (VI), profundidade das criptas (CR) e relação vilo/cripta (VI/CR) duodenal. Dez aves de cada grupo foram pesadas semanalmente em balança digital. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 7x2 (sete idades: um, sete, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias, e dois ambientes: ST e TN). Os ambientes foram comparados pelo teste de Fisher (P<0,05), e, para avaliar o efeito da idade, foi realizada análise de regressão polinomial. As aves do ambiente ST apresentaram menores VI aos 14 e 21 dias, menor CR aos 28 dias e menor VI/CR aos 21 dias de idade do que as aves do ambiente TN. A temperatura ambiente cíclica elevada teve efeito danoso sobre a estrutura da mucosa duodenal de frangos de corte até a quarta semana de idade e sobre o peso corporal ao final do ciclo produtivo.

The effects of high cyclic environment temperature on body weight and morphometry of the duodenal mucosa in broiler chicken were evaluated. Seventy one-day-old male broiler chicks were sheltered in cages and distributed in two groups. One group was daily exposed to high cyclic environment temperature for an hour, from hatching to 42 days of age (group ST), the other one was kept under thermoneutral conditions (group TN). Five chickens of each group were weekly slaughtered by cervical delocation to mesure the villosities height (VI), crypts depth (CR), and villo/crypt ratio (VI/ CR) in the duodenum. Ten chickens of each group were weighted weekly on a digital balance. A completely randomized experimental design in a 7x2 factorial arrangement (hatching, seven, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age and two environments: ST and TN). The environments were compared by Fisher test (P<0.05) and the effects of days of life by polynomial regression. The ST group had reduction in VI at 14 and 21 days of age (P<0.01), CR at 28 days of age (P<0.05), and in VI/CR at 21 days of age (P<0.01). Cyclic high environment temperature had harmful effect on intestinal structure of broiler from hatching to four weeks of age and on body weigh at the end of the productive cycle.

Topography and morphometry of the common bile duct and major duodenal papilla of man and principal domesticated animals.

A comparative topography and morphometry of the common bile duct and major duodenal papilla was studied on the extrahepatic biliary apparatus of human and major domesticated animals such as horse, ox, Black Bengal (BB) goat, sheep, dog and cat of local breed. In Black Bengal goat, sheep, dog and cat, the extrahepatic biliary system seemed to be the continuation of the cystic duct, which was found to continue as the common hepatic/common bile duct into which all the hepatic/lobar ducts open. In man, the mean length and the mean diameter of the common bile duct were 7.67+/-0.58 cm. and 7.27+/-0.77 mm. respectively. In the ox, these values were 1.57+/-0.72 cm. and 11.82+/-0.79 mm. respectively; in the Black Bengal goat, 7.23+/-0.74 cm. and 4.45+/-0.72 mm. respectively; in the sheep, 5.27+/-0.66 cm. and 3.75+/-0.79 mm. respectively; in the dog, 4.72+/-0.67 cm. and 6.43+/-0.55 mm. respectively and in the cat, 3.26+/-0.87 cm. and 5.63+/-0.43 mm. respectively. In man, the mean length and the mean diameter at the base of the MDP were 4.37+/-0.56 mm. and 3.97+/-0.72 mm. respectively. In horse, these were 52.36+/-0.67 mm. and 12.47+/-0.63 mm. respectively; in ox, 12.53+/-0.73 mm. and 8.83+/-0.68 mm. respectively; in Black Bengal goat, 14.36+/-0.55 mm. and 5.23+/-0.57 mm. respectively; in sheep, 11.27+/-0.69 mm. and 4.51+/-0.74 mm. respectively; in dog, 17.43+/-0.82 mm. and 6.72+/-0.64 mm. respectively and in cat, these values were 12.36+/-0.47 mm. and 7.12+/-0.87 mm. The distance of the Major Duodenal Papilla (MDP) form the pyloric end of the stomach was proportionately shorter in the meat-eaters, i.e., the omnivorous man (9.76+/-0.88 cm), and the carnivores, dog (6.37+/-0.73 cm) and cat (2.75+/-0.87 cm.) when compared to that of the herbivores, i.e., ox (55.37+/-0.68 cm.), BB goat (23.27+/-0.89 cm.) and sheep (25.62+/-0.77 cm.). In the horse, the major duodenal papilla was perpendicular to the duodenal mucosal surface with the largest mean length and the mean diameter. In all other animals, it was obliquely placed on the duodenal surface with its opening directed aborally.

Morphometry and quantification of the myenteric neurons of the duodenum of adult rats fed with hypoproteic c how

Morphometric and quantitative analyses were carried out on the myenteric neurons of the duodenum, to study possible alterations resulting from a supply of low-protein level chow to adult Wistar rats. The animals were divided in two groups: nourished (N) fed with ration containing 22 per cent protein for 210 days and the undernourished (D) fed with ration containing 8 per cent protein from the 90th day of age on and during the next 120 days. Whole-mounts were stainedby the method of Giemsa and the histochemical reaction of NADH-diaphorase enzyme, to estimate the neuronal population, which revealed a greater neuronal density in undernourished rats, regardless of the technique employed. The morphometric studies of the cell body profiles of 500 neurons of each group indicated a reduction on the cell body size and an increase on the proportion of small neurons on the rats subjected to the hypoproteic chow.

Correlaçäo endoscópica e laparoscópica da anatomia do bulbo duodenal / Endoscopic and laparoscopic correlation of the first portion of the duodenum anatomy

A anatomia endoscópica do bulbo duodenal é controvérsa, o que motivou os autores correlacionarem o achado endoscópico com o laparoscópico. Foram estudados 8 pacientes portadores de colelitíase de indicaçäo cirúrgica eletiva. Na mesa de cirurgia, após a anestesia geral, cada paciente foi colocado em decúbito lateral esquerdo e introduzido o pan-endoscópico eletrônico até o bulbo duodenal. Neste, foi traçada uma linha imaginágia de um vértice ao outro e à esquerda desta linha injetado azul-de-metileno com cateter de escleroterapia, até formar pequeno "botäo" azulado. Posicionando o paciente em decúbito dorsal, realizado o pneumoperitônio, foram introduzidos os quatro trocartes abdominai para realizar a colescistectomia; foi passada a ótica laparoscópica de zero grau pelo trocarte da regiäo epigástrica, por ser esta a que permitiu melhor identificaçäo do bulbo duodenal e sua relaçöes anatômicas. Após inventário laparoscópico minucioso, foi facilmente reconhecido o local da punçäo endoscópica, que ficou corado com o azul e foi identificado como sendo a parede anterior

Diafragma duodenal: A propósito de un caso

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 12 años de edad, atendido en lso servicios de gastroenterologia y cirugia pediátrica del Hospital de niños Baca Ortíz, que fue diagnosticado e intervenido quirúrgicamente de un diafragma mucoso intraluminal con orificio central entre la segunda y tercera porción del duodeno, lo cual constituye una causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal congénita. Destacamos además, la producción de una metapalasia gástrica en la mucosa duodenal y diafragma mencionados. La estenósis duodenal congénita debida a una diafragma mucoso intraluminal constituye una causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal. Se estima que aproximadamente 1 por cada 10.000 nacidos vivos presentan estenósis y/o atresias duodenales de las cuales al diafragma duodenal con orificio central o sin él le corresponde el 40 por ciento de los casos...

Arrangement of the collagen and elastic fibers in the upper human duodenum

Os autores estudaram a disposicao das fibras elasticas e colagenas na porcao superior do duodeno. Estas fibras dispoe-se paralelamente as fibras musculares. Na submucosa, ambos os tipos de fibras formam uma rede pantografica com seus angulos de cruzamento aumentando em direcao oral-aboral. As fibras colagenas e elasticas apresentam uma orientacao polar entre as fibras musculares.

Aspectos morfológicos e histoquímica de mucinas das glândulas de Brünner e células caliciformes duodenais de macaco prego (Cebus apella) / Morphological aspects and mucins histochemistry of Brünner's glands and duodenal globlet cells of tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella)

Foram realizados estudos morfológicos e a histoquímica de mucinas das glândulas de Brünner e células caliciformes duodenais de macacos (Cebus apella) adultos, de ambos os sexos e em jejum. As glândulas duodenais säo túbulo-alveolares e seus ductos se abrem no fundo das glândulas intestinais ou diretamente na luz duodenal. As células caliciformes säo numerosas e situam-se entre outras células do epitélio intestinal. Histoquimicamente foi evidenciada presença de mucinas neutra nas glândulas de Brünner e seus ductos e, nas células caliciformes, mucinas neutras, sialomucinas e mucinas sulfatadas. tanto nas glândulas como nas células calciformes foi detectada a presença do radical alfa-amino. Os aspectos morfológicos e histoquímicos säo também comparados com aqueles já descritos em alguns primatas

Consideraçöes sobre a anatomia da parte superior do duodeno no homem / Anatomy of the upper part of the duodenum in men

Os autores fazem um estudo sobre a porçäo superior do duodeno dando particular ênfase ao seu sistema de pregas da mucosa, tendo sido utilizadas 39 peças anatómicas de indivíduos masculinos e feminino, melanodermos e leucodermos. Foram observadas três pregas da mucosa localizadas na zona de transiçäo entre os terços médio e o aboral da parte superior do duodeno, das quais duas radialmente dispostas a uma terceira de orientaçäo circular. A localizaçäo desta pregas coincide com o segmento mais estreito da parte superior do duodeno. É discutido o significado funcional das pregas da mucosa no tubo digestivo em geral e no duodeno

Estómago y duodeno

Se exponen la anatomía y funciones del estómago y duodeno. Se hace un análisis de las úlceras pépticas, sus causas, complicaciones, localización e incidencia. El diagnóstico, características clínicas, tratamiento y evolución. Se describen las gastritis caústicas, estenosis secundarias, cuerpos extraños, lesiones traumáticas, estenosis pilóricas, síndrome de la arteria mesentérica y ruptura espontánea del estómago. Se señala que el conocimiento de los vólvulos gástricos es de gran importancia en la cirugía del abdomen agudo, pues la posición que adopta el órgano en la intervención puede confundir

Observaçöes sobre as pregas transversal e longitudinal da mucosa ao nível da papila maior do duodeno no homem / The transversal and longitudinal mucosa folds and the major duodenal papilla, in men

A papila duodenal maior pode ser localizada na prática por meio de duas pregas da mucosa duodenal - a transversal e a longitudinal. A papila está geralmente situada distalmente à prega transversal ou na extremidade proximal da prega longitudinal. Em 200 peças anatômicas de duodeno-pâncreas (brancos e negros de ambos os sexos), observamos em 33,5% dos casos a presença das duas pregas; em 30,5% havia apenas a prega longitudinal e em 9,5%, somente a transversal. Em 26,5% das observaçöes, as duas pregas näo foram vistas. Estatisticamente a prega transversal é mais freqüente nos negros do que nos brancos (X2 = 5,35). Outras diferenças estatísticas significantes näo foram observadas

Intolerancia a la lactosa y giardiasis. / Lactose intolerance and giardiasis.

Con objeto de estudiar la probable influencia de la Giardiasis en la actividad de la lactosa intestinal, se efectuó el estudio de la curva de tolerancia a la lactosa, en 54 personas portadoras de este parásito, comparándose los métodos, con un grupo control de 28 personas, libres de parasitosis. Se demostró, en el primer grupo, es decir, el portador de giardiasis, cursaron curvas planas de lactosa en 49 casos (90.8% de 54), mientras que el grupo control, este tipo de curva se detectó en 16 personas (57.2% de 28). Estos hallazgos se pudieron correlacionar con la clínica, ya que en el grupo parasitario, solo 4 de ellos (7.5% de 54, toleraban clínicamente la leche. Se considera que la diferencia hallada entre los dos grupos puede ser significativa en la influencia que pudiera tener la guiardiasis en los cuadros de intolerancia a la leche, como una causa secundaria y/u ontogenética.