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1.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1264223

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Les entérobactéries constituent les principales causes d'infections bactériennes.Ce sont des Bactéries Multi- résistantes (BMR)fréquentes par production de BLSE(Bêtalactamases à spectre élargi).Ceci constitue un problème de santé publique majeur car cette résistance est à l'origine d'une impasse thérapeutique et conduit à une prescriptiond'antibiotiques à large spectre (carbapénèmes). Notre étude prospective allant du 01 janvier au 31 décembre 2017 a porté sur 50 souches d'entérobactéries isolées au laboratoire et a pour but de caractériser les types de bêtalactamases.Méthodologie : Les souches ont été ré-isolées d'abord sur milieu Mueller Hinton, ensuite identifiées par la morphologie et les caractères biochimiques des entérobactéries. Les méthodes suivantes ont été réalisées pour la mise en évidence des classes de BLSE. - Méthode de rapprochement des disques (synergie entre un disque Amoxicilline + Acide clavulanique (AMC) et les disques de Céphalosporine de 3ieme (C3G) : BLSE de classe A. - Méthode de Dongeun Yong et al. utilisant l'EDTA (Ethylène Diamine Tétra-acétique) 0,5 M, PH 7 (Inhibition du zinc présent sur le site actif de l'enzyme par l'EDTA): BLSE de classe B. Résultat : Les souches d'entérobactéries étaient réparties ainsi : Enterobacter spp : 40%, Escherichia coli : 32%, Klebsiella pneumoniae : 24% et Klebsiella oxytoca : 4%. Cinquante-six pour cent 56% des souches produisaient une BLSE de classe A (image « bouchon de champagne ») et 14% une BLSE de classe B avec restauration de l'activité de l'imipenème après association de l'EDTA. Enterobacter spp était la souche la plus représentée avec 12 souches sécrétrices d'une BLSE de classe A et 5 souches de classe B, suivie d'E. coli avec 08 souches sécrétrices d'une BLSE de classe A et 01 souche de classe B. K. pneumoniae et K. oxytoca comptaient respectivement 06 et 02 souches sécrétrices de BLSE de classe A. Conclusion : L'acquisition par les entérobactéries et la transmission de résistance, par production de BLSE de classe A ou B est un problème majeur de santé publique causant une véritable impasse thérapeutique. Aujourd'hui, la prévalence de la résistance par production de Métallo-bêtalactamase (MBL) est faible comparée à celle de BLSE de classe A. Ainsi, des stratégies de diagnostic et de maîtrise de la diffusion doivent être appliquées rigoureusement


Subject(s)
Amoxicillin , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Enterobacteriaceae Infections , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/diagnosis , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/transmission , Senegal
2.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2017. 67 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1037881

ABSTRACT

As enterobactérias produtoras de carbapenemase portadoras do gene blaKPC (EPC-KPC) se disseminam de forma rápida e, por limitarem as opções terapêuticas para os pacientes infectados, acabam se associando a uma alta taxa de mortalidade. No ambiente hospitalar, a identificação precoce de fatores de risco para Infecções relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) causadas por esses microrganismos específicos são importantes para o controle da disseminação entre pacientes, profissionais e/ou ambientes. No entanto, ainda não há um consenso na literatura sobre quais fatores de risco estão diretamente associados às IRAS causadas por EPC-KPC. Por este motivo, a pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar os fatores de risco associados às infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde causadas por EPC-KPC no ambiente hospitalar. Tratou-se de um estudo de caso-controle que constituiu uma amostra de 82 pacientes casos e 164 controles, totalizando 246 pacientes. Os pacientes do grupo controle foram sorteados aleatoriamente e pareados por sexo e idade proporcional. Os dados foram coletados pelo Sistema Automatizado de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SACIH) e prontuário eletrônico do paciente. Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes colonizados previamente por microrganismos gram-negativos (OR: 10,7, IC95%: 2-60, p=0,007), os com câncer (OR:20,8, IC95%:4-120, p...


Enterobacteria producing carbapenemase carrying the blaKPC gene (EPC-KPC) spread rapidly and, by limiting the therapeutic options for infected patients, end up associated with a high mortality rate. In the hospital environment, the early identification of risk factors for Healthcare associated Infections (HAI) caused by the blaKPC gene are important for the control of dissemination among patients, professionals and/or environment. However, there is still no consensus in the literature on which risk factors are directly associated with HAI caused by EPC-KPC. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with Healthcare associated Infections caused by EPC-KPC in the hospital environment. It was a case-control study that consisted of a sample of 82 infected patients and 164 controls, totaling 246 patients. Patients in the control group were randomly selected and matched by sex and proportional age. The data were collected by the Automated System of Control of Hospital Infection and electronic patient record. The results showed that patients previously colonized by gramnegative microorganisms (OR: 10.7, 95% CI: 2-60, p = 0.007), those with cancer (OR: 20.8, 95% CI: 4-120, p...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Risk Factors , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Enterobacteriaceae , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 51(4): 203-209, July-Aug. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-524375

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in enterobacteria are recognized worldwide as a great hospital problem. In this study, 127 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated in one year from inpatients and outpatients at a public teaching hospital at São Paulo, Brazil, were submitted to analysis by PCR with specific primers for blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. From the 127 isolates, 96 (75.6 percent) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12 (9.3 percent) Escherichia coli, 8 (6.2 percent) Morganella morganii, 3 (2.3 percent) Proteus mirabilis, 2 (1.6 percent) Klebsiella oxytoca, 2 (1.6 percent) Providencia rettgeri, 2 (1.6 percent) Providencia stuartti, 1 (0.8 percent) Enterobacter aerogenes and 1 (0.8 percent) Enterobacter cloacae were identified as ESBL producers. BlaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected in 63 percent, 17.3 percent and 33.9 percent strains, respectively. Pulsed field gel eletrophoresis genotyping of K. pneumoniae revealed four main molecular patterns and 29 unrelated profiles. PCR results showed a high variety of ESBL groups among strains, in nine different species. The results suggest the spread of resistance genes among genetically different strains of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in some hospital wards, and also that some strongly related strains were identified in different hospital wards, suggesting clonal spread in the institutional environment.


Beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) em enterobactérias são reconhecidas mundialmente como um grande problema hospitalar. Neste estudo, 127 Enterobacteriaceae produtoras de ESBL isoladas por um ano, de pacientes internados e ambulatoriais de um hospital público de ensino em São Paulo, Brasil, foram submetidas à análise pela PCR com iniciadores específicos para os genes blaSHV, blaTEM e blaCTX-M. Dos 127 isolados, 96 (75,6 por cento) K. pneumoniae, 12 (9,3 por cento) E. coli, 8 (6,2 por cento) M. morganii, 3 (2,3 por cento) Proteus mirabilis, 2 (1,6 por cento) Klebsiella oxytoca, 2 (1,6 por cento) Providencia rettgeri, 2 (1,6 por cento) Providencia stuartti, 1 (0,8 por cento) Enterobacter aerogenes e 1 (0,8 por cento) Enterobacter cloacae foram identificados como produtores de ESBL. BlaSHV, blaTEM e blaCTX-M foram detectados em 63 por cento, 17,3 por cento e 33,9 por cento das cepas, respectivamente. A genotipagem de K. pneumoniae por eletroforese em campo pulsado revelou quatro padrões moleculares principais e 29 perfis não relacionados. Os resultados da PCR demonstraram alta variedade de grupos de ESBL entre as cepas, em nove espécies diferentes. Os resultados sugerem a disseminação de genes de resistência entre cepas geneticamente diferentes de K. pneumoniae produtoras de ESBL em algumas unidades do hospital, e também que algumas cepas fortemente relacionadas foram identificadas em unidades hospitalares diferentes, sugerindo disseminação clonal no ambiente da instituição.


Subject(s)
Humans , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/genetics , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Brazil , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Genotype , Hospitals, Teaching , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , beta-Lactamases/genetics
4.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 13(1): 2-4, jan.-mar. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-353924

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de detectar a microbiota prevalente nas mäos de profissionais de saúde de um Centro de Tratamento Intensivo (CTI), demonstrando que a maioria das infecçöes hospitalares é veiculada pelas mäos. Foram avaliados 33 voluntários, os quais foram submetidos à cultura, com detecçäo de enterobactérias em 17 (51,5 por cento) profissionais, demonstrando que a lavagem das mäos, quando ocorria, era inadequada. Os dados foram utilizados na educaçäo contínua para conscientizar e sensibilizar os profissionais de saúde de que a lavagem das mäos é o método mais eficaz no controle de infecçäo hospitalar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intensive Care Units , Education, Continuing , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Hand Disinfection , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control
5.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2001 ; 32 Suppl 2(): 236-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-30620

ABSTRACT

An attempt to use treated wastewater for agriculture in the Chiang Mai area was made, but the re-use process had to be performed under a condition that limited the risks liable to leave pathogens present in the water. The objective of our study was to examine the intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria in the wastewater and treated wastewater from the Chiang Mai University campus as well as the treated wastewater from the Chiang Mai municipality. The raw wastewater (RW), primary treatment effluent water (PE), treated wastewater using the activated sludge system (AS) from the Chiang Mai University campus and treated wastewater using the aerated lagoon (AL) system from the Chiang Mai municipality were examined for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria by using the centrifugal sedimentation and conventional methods respectively. The ground water (GW) and the irrigation water (IW) were used for comparison. All kinds of water were collected and examined twice a month for 6 months (February to July 2000). None of human intestinal parasites were found from any wastewater, whereas the RW and PE water contained hookworm larva, Ascaris egg and Taenia egg on some occasions. A small amounts of pathogenic bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea were detected. Salmonella enteritidis gr E was isolated from the AL water in April, while Vibrio cholerae type O139 was detected from the PE water in June. Some pathogenic bacteria that might cause gastroenteritis, such as Aerobacter spp, Citrobacter spp, Pseudomonas spp and Escherichia coli were also found in all kinds of water. Between the two types of treated wastewater, the bacteria found in AS water was less than that in AL water in terms of both amount and type of bacteria. The treated wastewater from the city of Chiang Mai, compared to natural water such as irrigation water, appears to be safe to use for agriculture.


Subject(s)
Agriculture , Animals , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control , Parasites/isolation & purification , Public Health , Safety , Seasons , Thailand , Waste Disposal, Fluid , Water/parasitology , Water Microbiology , Water Purification/standards
7.
Rev. enfermedades infecc. ped ; 13(51): 353-8, ene.-mar. 2000. tab, graf, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-292301

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El personal médico, a través de sus manos, es un factor que predispone a infecciones cruzadas, además de otros factores. Objetivo. Conocer si la omisión del lavado de manos en el personal de enfermería es un factor de infecciones nosocomiales. Estudiar la flora bacteriana de las manos de este personal. Material y método. Estudio observacional, transversal, prospectivo, documental. Se estudió al 10 por ciento de las enfermeras del Hospital del ISSSTE en Oaxaca. Se les realizó frotis para el cultivo de las manos al ingreso y a la salida del servicio. Resultados. Se evaluó a 23 enfermeras: con uñas largas 13 (56 por ciento), con manos maltratadas I9 (82 por ciento), con esmalte 16 (69 por ciento), que usan anillos 12 (52 por ciento), que usan esclavas 8 (34 por ciento), todas con frecuencias esperadas de 13.6. El cultivo de manos fue negativo en 6 sujetos al ingreso y 14 al egreso. Se obtuvo al ingreso E. coli en 12 (25 por ciento), Klebsiella ozaenae en 5 (10 por ciento), Proteus mirabilis en 1 (12 por ciento). Se obtuvo al egreso E. coli en 5 sujetos (10 por ciento), Klebsiella ozaenae en 2 (4 por ciento) y Proteus mirabilis en 2 (4 por ciento). Se realizó prueba de significación chi cuadrada; el resultado calculado (21.028) fue superior al de la chi cuadrada teórica (7.815), coeficiente de contingencia con correlación positiva moderada (0.36), por lo que se considera significativa la hipótesis investigada.Conclusiones. Es muy importante realizar un adecuado aseo de manos para evitar el riesgo de infecciones intrahospitalarias, pues un aseo incorrecto no elimina los gérmenes potencialmente patógenos; asimismo, se debe evitar el uso de esmaltes y mantener cortas las uñas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hand Disinfection , Cross Infection/etiology , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Risk Factors , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/prevention & control , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification
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