Progress in diagnosis and hip arthroscopic treatment of borderline developmental dysplasia of hip with Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the biomechanical characteristics, diagnosis, and hip arthroscopic treatment of borderline developmental dysplasia of hip (BDDH) with Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (Cam FAI).@*METHODS@#The literature on BDDH with Cam FAI at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In patients with BDDH and Cam FAI, the femoral neck anteversion angle and femoral neck shaft angle increase, the pelvis tilts, and the acetabulum rotates, resulting in instability of the hip joint. In order to maintain the stability of the hip joint, the direction of biomechanical action of the hip joint has changed, which further affects the anatomical structures such as the proximal femur and acetabular morphology. BDDH with Cam FAI can be diagnosed clinically by combining lateral center edge angle, anterior center edge angle, and acetabular index. BDDH with Cam FAI can be effectively treated through arthroscopic polishing of the edges of the acetabular proliferative bone, excision of Cam malformations, and minimally invasive repair of the glenoid lip and cartilage of the hip joint.@*CONCLUSION@#Currently, there is no unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment of BDDH with Cam FAI. Minimally invasive treatment of the hip under arthroscopy can achieve good early- and medium-term effectiveness, and has certain advantages in repairing and maintaining the integrity of the glenoid lip and suturing/compression joint capsule. However, the long-term effectiveness needs to be further followed up to determine. The timing of surgery, intraoperative bone edge depth polishing, and joint capsule suturing/compression techniques also need to be further explored.

Satisfacción y retorno deportivo luego de tratamiento artroscópico del síndrome de fricción femoroacetabular / Satisfaction and return-to-sport after arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome de fricción femoroacetabular (SFFA) es frecuentemente diagnosticado en atletas que participan en deportes con súbitos cambios de dirección como fútbol, básquet, tenis y en otras actividades con rangos suprafisiológicos de movimiento, como el ballet o yoga. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el retorno al deporte de los pacientes a los que se les realizó una artroscopía de cadera como tratamiento del SFFA. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron pacientes que realizaban deportes antes de la cirugía y que fueron tratados mediante una artroscopía de cadera por diagnóstico de SFFA, con un seguimiento mínimo de dos años. Todos fueron evaluados mediante una encuesta escrita acerca del deporte que realizaban, el tiempo de retorno a la práctica, en qué nivel competitivo la llevaban a cabo y la satisfacción con la cirugía. Se evaluaron los scores mediante Harris Hip Score modificado (mHHS) y la escala de Tegner antes y después de la cirugía. Resultados: se evaluaron ciento cuatro artroscopías de cadera, con seguimiento promedio de 29.4 meses (rango 24 ­ 46), en cuarenta y cinco (43.3%) mujeres y cincuenta y nueve (56.7%) hombres. Observamos que noventa y seis (92.3%) pacientes fueron capaces de retornar a su actividad deportiva con una media de 4.7 meses (rango 2-9). Ocho (7.7%) pacientes no pudieron retornar al deporte luego de la cirugía. Del total de la muestra, el 95.2% refirió estar conforme con la cirugía. Las puntuaciones del mHHS mostraron un incremento estadísticamente significativo (69.2 ± 4.8 versus 87.5 ± 4.4; p <0.05). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas con los puntajes observados en la escala de actividad de Tegner (6.6 ± 0.9 versus 6.3 ± 1; p >0.05). Discusión: previamente se ha documentado en la literatura que la mayoría de los pacientes que realizan actividad deportiva recreacional, y que fueron sometidos a una artroscopía de cadera por presentar SFFA, pueden retornar a su actividad deportiva previa y presentan un alto índice de satisfacción postoperatoria. Nuestros resultados se condicen con la bibliografía.Conclusión: el tratamiento artroscópico del SFFA, en pacientes que realizan deportes de forma recreacional, brinda una tasa elevada (>90%) de satisfacción, de retorno a la práctica y a un nivel similar al que presentaban antes de la cirugía

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess return to sport of patients after hip arthroscopy for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI). Materials and Methods: patients with sports activity prior to surgery and who underwent hip arthroscopy due to FAI syndrome, with minimum follow-up of two years were included. All patients had to complete a written survey about type of sports they performed, sports return, competition level and satisfaction with surgery. Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was assessed, and level of sport activity was registered, according to Tegner's Activity Scale.Results: one hundred and four hip arthroscopies were available for full analysis with minimum follow-up of 29.4 (24 ­ 46) months. We observed ninety-six (92.3%) patients were able to return to same prior sports activity at a mean of 4.7 (range 2 ­ 9) months. Eight (7.7%) patients were unable to return to sports after surgery. 95.2% reported agreement with hip surgery. mHHS score showed an statistically significant increase after surgery (69.2 ± 4.8 versus 87.5 ± 4.4; p <0.05). There was no significant difference in Tegner's Activity Scale. Discussion: several authors sustain that patients with recreational sports activity who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrome, achieve excellent outcomes, and able to return to their prior level of competition with a high rate of satisfaction. Our results are similar, according with literature. Conclusion: FAI treatment with arthroscopy achieves high rates of satisfaction and sports return, with similar competition level before surgery

Clinical outcomes of hip arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement:a comparative study between Inside-out and Outside-in approach / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical outcomes and complications of hip arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) performed with either Inside-out or Outside-in approach.@*METHODS@#The clinical date of 48 patients with FAI treated by hip arthroscopy surgery and follow-up from June 2016 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different operative methods, the patients were divided into two groups. Inside-out group, from central compartment to peripheral compartment;Outside-in group, from peripheral compartment to central compartment. There were 14 males and 10 females in Inside-out group with an averageage of (39.8±7.6)years old, 13 males and 11 females in Inside-out group with an average age of (39.5±9.1)years old in Outside-in group. There was no significant difference in age, gender, body mass index, side, impingement type, medical history and follow-up time between the two groups. The complication occurrence rate, modified Harris hip score (mHHS)and nonarthritic hip score (NAHS) were compared between these two groups.@*RESULTS@#The mHHs and NAHS scores of the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Both hip arthroscopic surgery methods can obtain satisfactory clinical efficacy in the treatment of FAI, but the incidence of postoperative complications of Outside-in surgical method is lower. The out-side in method can be preferentially selected for the patients with the indications of operation.

Arthroscopic labrum reconstruction for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: 12 cases report / 北京大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the surgical effect of hip arthroscopic labrum reconstruction. A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 12 patients who underwent hip arthroscopic labrum reconstruction in our department from September 2017 to February 2021 and were followed up for 5-46 months, with an average of 21.5 months. All the patients had a hip joint space of more than 2 mm, and Tonnis grade less than level Ⅱ. These 12 patients underwent arthroscopic debridement of hyperplastic synovium, femoral head and neck and/or acetabular osteoplasty, and labrum reconstruction using autograft iliotibial band or gracilis tendon. After the surgery, we conducted follow-up and data collection, recorded the satisfaction of the patients and occurrence of complications, as well as the cartilage lesion of hip joint observed under the arthroscopy. We compared the alpha angle of Dunn X-ray film, center-edge angle (CE angle) of AP X-ray film, modified Harris hip score (mHHS score), hip outcome score (HOS), international hip outcome tool 12 score (iHOT12 Score), and visual analogue scale (VAS scale) before and after the arthroscopic operation, to assess clinical symptom relief and joint function recovery. The 12 patients were followed up for 5-46 (21.5±12.8) months. The VAS scale were (5.3±2.5) and (2.5±1.4) before and after the surgery, showing significant decrease (P=0.018). The mHHS score were (60.6±22.2) and (83.1±5.8) before and after the surgery, showing significant increase (P=0.003). The patient satisfaction was high (7.8±2.0) (range: 0-10). None of the 12 patients had serious complications, revision surgery, or total hip replacement at the end of the last follow-up. Autologous tendon transplantation for reconstruction of acetabular labrum under arthroscopy can improve the clinical symptoms and joint function of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which is a safe and effective treatment.

Clinical effects of tranexamic acid in arthroscope for femoroacetabular impingement / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical effects of tranexamic acid in arthroscope for femoroacetabular impingement.@*METHODS@#Totally 34 patients (34 hips) with femoroacetabular impingement underwent hip arthroscopy from June 2016 to December 2018, were randomly divided into two groups named as tranexamic acid group and control group, 17 patients in each group. In TXA group, there were 10 males and 7 females, aged from 20 to 49 years old with an average of (32.1±7.6) years old;15 mg/kg TXA was intravenous drops before operation incision performed at 10 min. In control group, there were 11 males and 6 females, aged from 20 to 49 years old with an average of (30.9±6.2) years old;100 ml normal saline was intravenous drops before operation incision performed at 10 min. Introopertaive and total bloodloss between two groups were compared. Visual analogue scale (VAS) at 3 and 7 days after opertaion were used to evaluate pain relief of hip joint. Modified Harris Hip Score(mHHS) of hip joint at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after oeprtaion were applied to evaluate clinical effects.@*RESULTS@#All patients were obtained follow up over 12 weeks. Incision healed well without infection and deep vein thrombosis. There were no statistical difference in opertaion time bewteen two groups(@*CONCLUSION@#Preoperative application of tranexamic acid could effectively reduce blood loss in arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement, thereby improving surgical field of vision, reducing difficulty of surgical operation, which could promote early and rapid rehabilitation of hip function.

Femoroacetabular Impingement and Acetabular Labral Tears - Part 3: Surgical Treatment / Impacto femoroacetabular e lesão do lábio acetabular - Parte 3: Tratamento cirúrgico

Abstract In the last 15 years, the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement has become more frequent; with the advance of surgical indications, different techniques have been developed. Surgical treatment includes a wide variety of options, namely: periacetabular osteotomy, surgical hip dislocation, arthroscopy with osteochondroplasty via a small incision, modified anterior approach technique, and exclusively arthroscopic technique. The type of approach should be chosen according to the complexity of the morphology of the femoroacetabular impingement and to the surgeon's training. The techniques most used today are arthroscopy, surgical dislocation of the hip, and periacetabular osteotomy. The present article aims to describe the current main surgical techniques used to treat femoroacetabular impingement, their indications, advantages and disadvantages, complications and clinical results.

Resumo Nos últimos 15 anos, o diagnóstico do impacto femoroacetabular tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente; com o avanço do entendimento de quais pacientes potencialmente se beneficiariam do tratamento cirúrgico, diferentes técnicas foram desenvolvidas. O tratamento cirúrgico inclui grande variedade de opções, sendo elas: osteotomia periacetabular, técnica de luxação cirúrgica do quadril, artroscopia com osteocondroplastia via pequena incisão, técnica via anterior modificada, e técnica exclusivamente artroscópica. O tipo de abordagem deve ser escolhido de acordo com a complexidade da morfologia do impacto femoroacetabular e com o treinamento do cirurgião. As técnicas mais utilizadas atualmente são a artroscopia, a luxação cirúrgica do quadril e a osteotomia periacetabular. O presente artigo busca descrever as principais técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas para o tratamento do impacto femoroacetabular, suas indicações, vantagens e desvantagens, complicações e resultados clínicos.

Pinzamiento extraarticular de cadera: Reporte de caso / Extraarticular hip impingement: Case report

El pinzamiento femoroacetabular corresponde al contacto mecánico entre el fémur y la pelvis, frecuentemente entre el cuello del fémur y el borde acetabular, ya sea por deformidad del primero (CAM) o del segundo (PINCER);1,2 sin embargo, existen causas extraarticulares de pinzamiento.3,4 A la par del aumento en el diagnóstico de pinzamiento se ha hecho cada vez más frecuente el tratamiento artroscópico de éste siendo hoy el estándar de tratamiento.5 En este reporte se analiza un caso de pinzamiento de cadera extraarticular, causado por un contacto entre el fémur y una espina ilíaca antero inferior (EIAI) prominente debido probablemente a una avulsión antigua consolidada, y a su posterior manejo artroscópico.

Femoroacetabular impingement is the mechanical contact between the femur and the pelvis, frequently between the femur neck and the acetabular rim, whether due to a deformity of the former (cam type) or the latter (pincer type).1,2 However, there may be extraarticular causes of impingement.3,4 Together with the increased diagnosis of impingement, arthroscopic treatment is increasingly frequent and has become the standard treatment.5 This report analyzes a case of extraarticular hip impingement caused by contact between the femur and a prominent anteroinferior iliac spine (AIIS), probably due to a healed old avulsion and its later arthroscopic management.

Preservación articular post-artroscopía de cadera a 5 años mínimo de seguimiento / Joint preservation treated with hip arthroscopy. Minimum follow-up of 5 years

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los resultados clinicos y la tasa de preservacion articular en pacientes a los que se le realizo una artroscopia de cadera por sindrome de friccion femoroacetabular (SFFA) con seguimiento minimo 5 anos. Se analizaron los factores predictivos de requerimiento para un reemplazo total de cadera (RTC). Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 42 pacientes consecutivos (15 mujeres, 27 hombres, edad promedio 38 anos) con SFFA. A todos se les realizo una artroscopia de cadera para estabilizar el dano articular (lesiones labrales y/o condrolabrales) y correccion de deformidades oseas asociadas (CAM y/o PINCER). Se realizo un seguimiento clinico. Ningun paciente fue perdido en el seguimiento. Se analizaron los factores predictivos de probabilidad de RTC. Resultados: A un seguimiento minimo de 5 anos la tasa de preservacion articular fue del 88,1 % (IC95 % 74,54 %-95,27 %). La probabilidad de evolucionar a una RTC en pacientes con escala radiografica Tonnis preoperatoria 0 y I fue del 0% (IC95 % 0%-14,76 %). La probabilidad de evolucionar a una RTC en pacientes con estadios Tonnis II y III fue del 33,3 % (IC95 %, 14,96 %-58,5 %). La diferencia entre ambos grupos fue significativa p= 0.003. La edad mayor o igual a 45 anos al momento de la artroscopia resulto ser un factor de riesgo significativo para evolucionar a una RTC (p=0.005). Conclusión: El tratamiento artroscopico del SFFA presenta resultados favorables a 5 anos en terminos de preservacion articular. Pacientes con artrosis preoperatoria avanzada y mayores de 45 anos tienen mayor riesgo de requerir una artroplastia de cadera en dicho lapso. Nivel de evidencia: IV. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos...

Introduction: Purpose of this work is to evaluate the clinical results and the rate of joint preservation in a series of patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) treated with hip arthroscopy at a minimum follow up of 5 years. The predictive factors for total hip arthroplasty (THA) requirement were analyzed. Material and methods: Between February 2008 and February 2009, 42 consecutive patients treated with a hip arthroscopy due to FAI syndrome were included. There were 15 women and 27 men with an average age of 38 years (range 23 to 56 years). The surgery involved joint damage stabilization (labral tears and/or condrolabral injuries) and correction of associated bony deformities (CAM and/or PINCER lesions). A prospective clinical follow up was made with no patient lost. We specifically addressed the need for THA. Predictive factors for THA were also analyzed. Results: At a minimum follow up of 5 years the rate joint preservation was 88.1% (CI95% 74,54%-95,27%). The probability of evolving to a THA in patients with radiographic preoperative Tonnis grades 0 and I was of 0% (CI95% 0%-14,76%). The probability of evolving to a THA in patients with preoperative Tonnis grades II and III was 33, 3% (CI95%14.96%-58.5%). Statistical significant difference was present between both groups (p= 0.003). Patients with an age of 45 years or more at the time of hip arthroscopy were at significant risk to evolve to THA (p=0.005). Conclusions: Hip arthroscopy for the treatment of patients with FAI syndrome presents favorable results regarding joint preservation at a minimum follow up of 5 years. Patients with advanced preoperative radiographic signs of osteoarthritis and those older than 45 years at the time of surgery have greater risk for requiring THA. Level of evidence: IV. Type of study: Case Series...