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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(supl.2): 92-95, 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-444168

ABSTRACT

Fetal/Neonatal immune responses are generally considered to be immature and weaker than in adults. We have sudied the cord blood T-cells of newborns congenitally-infected whith Tripanosoma cruzi, the protozoan agent of Chagas' disease. Our data demonstrate a predominant activation of CD8 T-cells expressing activation markers and armed to mediate effector functions. Indeed, we have detected parasite-specific CD8 T-cells secreting interferon-ã. Such response is enchanced in the presence of rIL-15. These findings point out that the fetal immune system is more competent than previously appreciated, since fetuses exposed to live pathogens are able to develop an adult-like immune CD8 T-cell response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Infant, Newborn , /immunology , Fetus/immunology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Apoptosis , Cell Differentiation/immunology , Cytokines/analysis , Flow Cytometry , Fetal Blood/cytology , Fetal Blood/immunology , Fetal Blood/parasitology , Immunity, Cellular , Interferon-alpha/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(supl.2): 65-67, 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-444173

ABSTRACT

PCR is a potentially interesting diagnostic tool to detect congenital T. cruzi infection. We have compared the sensitivity and capacity of a battery of T. cruzi PCR primers to detect the complete spectrum of known T. cruzi lineages, in order to improve and simplify the detection of infection in neonatal blood. We found that the primers Tcz1/Tcz2, targeting the 195 bp satellite repeat, detected all the parasitic lineages with the same sensitivity For all other tested primers (nDNA primers: BP1/BP2, 01/02, Pon1/ Pon2 and Tca1/Tca2; kDNA primers: S35VS36, 121/122), either, the intensity of amplicons varied according to T. cruzi lineages, or the assess were less sensitive. In order to better assess such PCR protocol, we assayed 311 samples of neonatal blood previously tested with parasitological methods. Reliability of our PCR test was demonstrated since all the 18 blood samples from newborns with congenital T. cruzi infection were positive, whereas the remaining samples (30 from control newborns of uninfected mothers and 262 out of 263 from babies, parasitologically negative, born from infected mothers) were negative. As our PCR method is simple, reliable, robust and cheap, it appears suitable for the detection of T. cruzi infection in neonatal blood.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , DNA, Protozoan/blood , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , DNA Primers , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Fetal Blood/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 16(2): 152-4, 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-257967

ABSTRACT

La malaria congénita tiene una incidencia variable, se describe en promedio en el 8 por ciento de los embarazos de mujeres con malaria, con cifra máxima de 25 por ciento. La transmisión transplacentaria depende de varios factores, entre ellos la paridad e inmunidad materna. La infección placentaria es necesaria para la transmisión al feto de los merozoitos que en la circulación fetal, parasitan a los glóbulos rojos sin efectuar el ciclo pre eritrocitico. La edad de aparición de los síntomas es variable, generalmente después de la segunda semana de vida y a diferencia de la malaria de adquisición horizontal, se caracteriza principalmente por fiebre, hepato-esplenomegalia, distress respiratorio y diarrea. El diagnóstico se hace mediante un frontis sanguíneo y gota gruesa. El tratamiento dependerá del tipo de plasmodio causal y de la zona en la cual fue adquirido. Es un diagnóstico que debe ser considerado en un neonato febril, cuya madre haya estado en zonas de riesgo para adquirir malaria, incluso años antes


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Malaria/congenital , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Chloroquine/therapeutic use , Fetal Blood/parasitology , Malaria/diagnosis , Malaria/drug therapy , Malaria/etiology , Mefloquine/therapeutic use , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification , Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity , Signs and Symptoms
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-112497

ABSTRACT

The findings of a prospective study of 656 near-term pregnant women, and of the cord and peripheral blood of newborns of positive mothers are reported. 292 (44.51%) of the pregnant women were infected with P. falciparum. Further microscopic screening of the cord blood of newborns of the 292 positive cases at delivery showed a parasite rate of 10.95%. Transplacental passage of P. falciparum was confirmed by detection of parasitemia in the peripheral blood of 2.82% of newborns within 7 days of birth. Serological investigation of sera of 284 newborns by Indirect Fluorescent Technique (IFA) with P. falciparum IgM specific conjugate indicated that 72 (25.35%) had IgM antibodies of P. falciparum in their blood. The average birth weight of seropositive newborns was 400 gm less than seronegative ones. There was no significant difference in the rate of neonatal infection regardless of whether or not the mothers had taken chloroquine prophylaxis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Birth Weight , Female , Fetal Blood/parasitology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Malaria, Falciparum/blood , Male , Nigeria/epidemiology , Parity , Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies
8.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111898

ABSTRACT

Two-hundred fifty-six mothers and their newborns were subjected to clinical and haematological tests for the evidence of malaria. Placentae of these were examined histopathologically for malarial parasites and malarial pigment. Forty six placentae showed scanty malarial pigment ingested by monocytes. These appearances were associated with focal syncytial necrosis and proliferation of cytotrophoblastic cells. Plasmodium falciparum was found in cord blood of six cases. The mean weight of newborns born to mothers having no evidence of malarial placental infection was 2.763 kg, while mean weight of newborns belonging to infected placentae was 2.143 kg. The difference was highly significant.


Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Female , Fetal Blood/parasitology , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Malaria, Falciparum/blood , Male , Monocytes/pathology , Necrosis , Parity , Placenta Diseases/blood , Pregnancy
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 33(2): 91-5, mar.-abr. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-108364

ABSTRACT

A ocorrencia de microfilarias circulantes de Wuchereria bancrofti foi pesquisada em 304 gestantes da Unidade Mista Prof. Barros Lima e do Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco pelo Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes. A microfilaremia materna foi investigada pela filtracao de sangue venoso, sendo encontrados 13 casos positivos (4,2 por cento). A pesquisa de microfilarias no sangue do cordao umbilical de suas criancas foi negativa (6/13), assim como no sangue periferico destas ate 72 horas pos-parto e com 6 meses de vida. As amostras de leite coletadas destas maes tambem nao apresentaram microfilarias. Os autores sugerem que a ocorrencia de lesoes placentarias seja um possivel fator envolvido na passagem transplacentaria de microfilarias, e que a exposicao in utero a microfilarias e/ou antigeno filarial possam influenciar a resposta a uma infeccao filarial adquirida posteriormente, sendo importante o acompanhamento clinico e laboratorial de criancas expostas previamente a antigenos filariais em periodos precoces do desenvolvimento humano.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Elephantiasis, Filarial/transmission , Fetal Blood/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic , Wuchereria bancrofti , Brazil , Elephantiasis, Filarial/blood , Pilot Projects
10.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 56(3): 143-50, maio-jun. 1985. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-1430

ABSTRACT

Se discute la utilidad práctica del estudio sistemático para prevenir las infecciones congénitas por Toxoplasma gondii y Trypanosoma cruzi. El análisis se basa sobre 855 encuestas seroepidemiológicas, practicadas en las maternidades del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Santiago y de los Hospitales de Vicuña y Ovalle. El estudio de la toxoplasmosis no permitió demostrar infección congénita. Sin restar valor al problema clínico de la toxoplasmosis congénita, se llega a la conclusión que el estudio sistemático de las embarazadas es demasiado costoso, técnicamente engorroso y de escasa utilidad en nuestro país. Al respecto se recomienda intensificar la pesquisa precoz de las infecciones por T. gondii en los R.N. El estudio de la enfermedad de Chagas permitió pesquisar cuatro infecciones por T. cruzi, tres de origen congénito. En Santiago, donde la prevalencia de la infección materna es baja (2,7%), se diagnosticó infección congénita en 2 de 10 R.N. correspondientes a madres chagásicas. En Vicuña y Ovalle, donde un elevado porcentaje de las madres se encuentran infectadas (11,8% y 17,9%), se pesquisó una infección congénita entre 61 hijos de madres chagásicas. Las diferencias observadas entre las zonas de alta y baja endemia indican el interés de proseguir el estudio sistemático de la enfermedad de Chagas en embarazadas y R.N. Dicho tipo de investigación es factible en nuestro país. Las encuestas se limitarían a las zonas endémicas. El total de casos con riesgo de infección (2% al 20% del total estudiado) constituiría una casuística manejable y la pesquisa de los casos de interés se lograría mediante estudio serológico de una muestra por caso. Se incluye el método recomendado para estudiar ambas infecciones congénitas


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Female , Chagas Disease/congenital , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Fetal Blood/parasitology , Risk , Serologic Tests , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/prevention & control
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