Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 16 de 16
Filter
1.
Saúde Soc ; 25(1): 83-95, jan.-mar. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-776578

ABSTRACT

As tecnologias reprodutivas, ao separar a sexualidade da reprodução, interferiram não somente nas relações entre os sexos, mas também nas relações de filiação, possibilitando o surgimento de configurações familiares decorrentes do acesso a material genético de terceiros (doadores de óvulos, sêmen ou embrião). O segredo e o anonimato que sempre envolveram os doadores de gametas têm sido desafiados. Nos últimos vinte anos, diversos países alteraram sua legislação adotando a identidade aberta do doador de material genético. A possibilidade de conhecer e ter acesso a esta identidade (chegando à maioridade) ou mesmo a busca por meios irmãos pode ser uma realidade em muitos países para crianças nascidas por meio do acesso à tecnologia reprodutiva. O artigo enfatiza a questão do segredo e do anonimato envolvendo o uso de material genético de terceiros em tecnologias reprodutivas. A discussão é explorada por meio do debate ocorrido no Reino Unido relativo à abolição do anonimato e suas implicações sob a perspectiva dos doadores, dos casais demandantes e da criança concebida. O estudo reflete ainda sobre as concepções de família envolvidas nessa discussão.


Reproductive technologies, when separating sexu ality from reproduction, interfered not only in the relationships between the sexes, but also in the relationships of filiation, enabling the emergence of family settings due to the access to genetic ma terial from others (egg, semen or embryo donors). The secrecy and anonymity that have always in volved gamete donors have been challenged. In the last twenty years, various countries changed their legislation, adopting the policy of open identity of the donor of the genetic material. The possibility to know and have access to this identity (when reach ing adulthood) or even the search for half-brothers can be a reality in many countries for children born through access to reproductive technology. The article emphasizes the matter of secrecy and ano nymity involving the use of genetic material from others in reproductive technologies. The argument is set up through the debate in the United Kingdom concerning the abolition of the anonymity and its implications under the perspective of donors, claim ant couples and the child. The study also reflects on the conceptions of family involved in this debate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Reproductive Behavior , Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous , Reproductive Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Genetic Privacy , Semen , Reproductive Techniques , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Personal Autonomy , Confidentiality , Child Advocacy , Gene Pool , Donor Selection
2.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 25(3): 729-751, jul.-set. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-764170

ABSTRACT

ResumoO estudo analisou os debates, no período de 2000 a 2010, no Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS) e na Comissão Intersetorial de Vigilância Sanitária e Farmacoepidemiologia (CIVSF), sobre os temas da vigilância sanitária e articulação com o Conselho Consultivo da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). A pesquisa documental, de natureza qualitativa, que analisou 163 atas de reuniões do CNS e da CIVSF, e demais documentos a elas relacionados, buscou reunir informações sobre o contexto político-institucional e as interfaces e conexões entre as três instâncias. Observou-se baixa inserção do tema "vigilância sanitária" na pauta do CNS e uma atuação insuficiente da CIVSF para o fortalecimento desse debate. Conclui-se pela fragilidade de integração entre o Conselho Consultivo da Anvisa e as instâncias de controle social no Sistema Único de Saúde. Esse resultado é fruto de dificuldades de comunicação interinstitucional e da baixa inserção da vigilância sanitária no SUS, historicamente construída.


AbstractThe debate on research ethics can be applied both to the scientific methodology as other disciplines, such as sports. In the field of Brazilian sports health, it has been common research that do genetic testing to identify athletes with sickle cell trait. Despite the persistence of Brazilian sports federations to discriminate athletes with this inherited trait, sickle cell trait is not a disease. This article reports the case of a soccer athlete victim of genetic discrimination: identified with the sickle cell trait, she was deemed unfit to participate in a championship for the Brazilian Football Confederation. The paper analyzes the implications of genetic research to identify the sickle cell trait in the absence of ethical care aimed at preserving the rights of those who submit to testing. It also shows the vulnerability to which are exposed people involved in research that do genetic testing without ethical care or even reasonable justifications and the results are interpreted under the rationality of biological determinism and genetic reductionism. Brazilian sports federations interested in identifying athletes with sickle cell trait should submit this order to study the evaluation of Research Ethics Committees, as this is a potential to cause harm to the procedure of athletes. The genetic test can not be considered an act of health care, since no disease is being treated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sickle Cell Trait , Sports Medicine/ethics , Genetic Testing/ethics , Genetic Research/ethics , Ethics, Research , Athletes , Sports , Brazil , Genetic Privacy , Health Councils/legislation & jurisprudence
4.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 56(3): 68-73, jul.-set. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-848121

ABSTRACT

O artigo trata da questão dos biobancos para pesquisa e dos aspectos jurídicos relacionados à proteção de dados genéticos dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Mais especificamente, além da definição de biobancos e dados genéticos, analisa-se os dados genéticos e testes genéticos e a relação médico-sujeito de pesquisa, bem como a proteção criminal da intimidade genética, sugerindo-se a criação de uma lei que regulamente a coleta, o acesso, a utilização e o armazenamento dos dados genéticos a fim de prevenir testes genéticos para fins médicos arbitrários (AU)


The article deals with the issue of biobanks for research and legal aspects related to the protection of genetic data of study subjects. More specifically, besides the definition of biobanks and genetic data, we analyze genetic data and genetic testing and the physician-subject relationship in research, as well as criminal protection of genetic privacy, suggesting the creation of a law that regulates the collection, access, use and storage of genetic data to prevent genetic testing for arbitrary medical purposes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Testing/legislation & jurisprudence , Genetic Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Databases, Genetic/legislation & jurisprudence
5.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 20(1)jan.-abr. 2012.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-646095

ABSTRACT

Este artigo objetiva desenvolver uma reflexão sobre os limites éticos para os usos da engenharia genética em humanos. Para tanto, buscou-se delinear fronteiras éticas entre as duas finalidades para intervençães genéticas: tratamento e melhoramento. Adicionalmente, foi desenvolvido breve retrospecto histórico sobre as investidas eugenistas eclodidas no Brasil, Alemanha e Estados Unidos. Também foram introduzidos argumentos frequentemente empregados contra as intervençães genéticas: a antinaturalidade, o brincar de Deus, a trapaça social, o uso de informaçães genéticas, as implicaçães da manipulação de células germinativas e o recurso lógico às ladeiras escorregadias. O artigo finaliza advertindo para a necessidade do estabelecimento de um debate público sobre o tema, visando propiciar a criação de leis e códigos éticos reguladores da prática científica e médica sobre as tecnologias de manipulação genética. Contudo, tal fato demanda, necessariamente, melhor qualidade de educação e informação da sociedade brasileira, principalmente no âmbito escolar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Codes of Ethics , Eugenics , Genetic Engineering/ethics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetics , Genetics/ethics , Legislation as Topic , Genetic Privacy/ethics , Enacted Statutes , Genetics, Behavioral , Genetic Research/ethics
6.
Clinics ; 67(supl.1): 3-6, 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-623123

ABSTRACT

The finished version of the human genome sequence was completed in 2003, and this event initiated a revolution in medical practice, which is usually referred to as the age of genomic or personalized medicine. Genomic medicine aims to be predictive, personalized, preventive, and also participative (4Ps). It offers a new approach to several pathological conditions, although its impact so far has been more evident in mendelian diseases. This article briefly reviews the potential advantages of this approach, and also some issues that may arise in the attempt to apply the accumulated knowledge from genomic medicine to clinical practice in emerging countries. The advantages of applying genomic medicine into clinical practice are obvious, enabling prediction, prevention, and early diagnosis and treatment of several genetic disorders. However, there are also some issues, such as those related to: (a) the need for approval of a law equivalent to the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, which was approved in 2008 in the USA; (b) the need for private and public funding for genetics and genomics; (c) the need for development of innovative healthcare systems that may substantially cut costs (e.g. costs of periodic medical followup); (d) the need for new graduate and postgraduate curricula in which genomic medicine is emphasized; and (e) the need to adequately inform the population and possible consumers of genetic testing, with reference to the basic aspects of genomic medicine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Genetic Testing/economics , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Precision Medicine , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Brazil , Carcinoma, Medullary/diagnosis , Genetic Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Genetic Testing/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia/diagnosis , Private Sector , Public Sector , Parathyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
7.
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore ; : 369-374, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-229651

ABSTRACT

There have been several success stories in the field of pharmacogenetics in recent years, including the analysis of HER2 amplification for trastuzumab selection in breast cancer and VKORC1 genotyping for warfarin dosing in thrombosis. Encouraging results from these studies suggest that genetic factors may indeed be important determinants of drug response and toxicity for at least some drugs. However, to apply pharmacogenetics appropriately, a thorough understanding of the scope and limitations of this field is required. The challenges include an appreciation of biological variability, logistical issues pertaining to the proper management of information, the need for robust methods and adequate sample quality with well-designed workflows. At the same time, the economics of pharmacogenetic testing from the perspective of clinicians, patients, governments, insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies will play an important role in determining its future use. Ethical considerations such as informed consent and patient privacy, as well as the role of regulatory bodies in addressing these issues, must be fully understood. Only once these issues are properly dealt with can the full benefits of pharmacogenetics begin to be realised.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Genetic Privacy , Ethics , Informed Consent , Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pharmacogenetics , Ethics , Methods , Translational Research, Biomedical , Methods
8.
Indian J Med Ethics ; 2010 Apr-June; 7(2): 82-89
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144722

ABSTRACT

Moore v. Regents of the University of California was one of the first cases internationally that dealt with the patenting of human genetic material. The case is closely related to the development of medicine and of biotechnology applied to medicine. These developments require the utilisation of human body parts, both for experiments and for transplant, and present certain major medico-legal problems. However, the case did not produce conclusive decisions on the various key legal issues that it raised involved in biomedical research and the patenting of human genetic material. This article re-examines the case from an Indian and an international perspective. After a brief introduction in Part I, Part II of the article describes existing laws in various countries with respect to the patenting of human genetic material. Part III discusses legal regimes applicable in the context of biological materials. Part IV elaborates on the importance of the doctrine of informed consent in the context of biomedical research on human subjects. Part V discusses the significance of bioethics in research and the patenting of biotechnology, according to international law. Part VI concludes the article with an assertion of the urgent need for legislation in this area


Subject(s)
California , Cell Line, Tumor , Genes , Genetic Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , India , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , International Cooperation , Ownership/legislation & jurisprudence , Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence
9.
Rev. colomb. bioét ; 3(1)ene.-jun. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-614465

ABSTRACT

La privacidad sufre hoy embates provenientes de diferentes ámbitos. Uno de ellos, quizá el menos visible, es el que se refi ere a los datos sensibles. ¿De dónde proviene esta necesidad de salvaguardar la intimidad y plasmarla en el derecho a la privacidad? Desde sus orígenes, este derecho se va constituyendo como protección a la vida privada en contraposición con la vida pública. Veremos en este trabajo la necesidad de los límites a este derecho así como la de tener en cuenta las diferencias entre lo que podríamos considerar conflictos individuales y el derecho a la privacidad, en relación especialmente con los datos sensibles.


Subject(s)
Access to Information/ethics , Bioethics , Genetic Privacy , Human Rights , Privacy
12.
São Paulo; LTr; 2007. 237 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-719832

ABSTRACT

Em que medida a atividade processual probatória pode vulnerar a dignidade da pessoa humana e maltratar direitos humanos fundamentais como a integridade física, a honra e a privacidade/intimidade? Sob que condições as provas podem ser legitimamente constituídas? E, uma vez constituídas, quando podem ser produzidas no processo? Como hão de ser valorizadas em juízo? Eis a ordem de indagações cujas respostas se ensaiam neste Livro, sob o prisma da cooperação processual e do princípio da proporcionalidade.


Subject(s)
Civil Rights , Expert Testimony , Privacy , Procedural Law , Technical Cooperation , Genetic Privacy
13.
In. Schramm, Fermin Roland; Rego, Sergio; Braz, Marlene; Palácios, Marisa. Bioética, riscos e proteção. Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ;Fiocruz, 2005. p.211-228.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-430265
14.
Acta bioeth ; 10(1): 75-80, 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-401568

ABSTRACT

El desciframiento del genoma humano es un paradigma de la ciencia. Además de impactar en el conocimiento puede cambiar el curso de la medicina, con un enfoque personalizado y un énfasis en lo preventivo. Como los hallazgos que abren nuevas avenidas de pensamiento, ha despertado la atención sobre los riesgos éticos. Se plantea si es ético que le revelen a un individuo que podría llegar a padecer una enfermedad incurable, lo que impactaría negativamente en su calidad de vida. Sobre quién tendrá acceso a la información genética. Desde los inicios de la carrera del genoma humano se planteó la necesidad de asegurar la privacidad de la información genética. Se hace necesario situar la discusión en un contexto amplio, pues se crean mitos que es importante aplacar. Es esencial sembrar la confianza promoviendo que la comunidad científica, junto con diferentes sectores de la sociedad, realicen un debate abierto sobre los aspectos positivos y negativos de cada nueva tecnología que derive del genoma humano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bioethics , Genome, Human , Research , Access to Information/ethics , Genetic Privacy/ethics
15.
Acta bioeth ; 8(2): 255-262, 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-396283

ABSTRACT

Las ventajas de la existencia de exámenes genéticos son muchas. Sin embargo, la información genética, mal utilizada, puede afectar la intimidad personal y familiar, generando, incluso, discriminación. En consecuencia, los datos derivados del genoma de una persona y de su familia son confidenciales y deben estar sujetos a medidas de seguridad adecuados, debiendo ser utilizados según los fines para los cuales fueron recabados y no deben ser cedidos a terceros, salvo consentimiento expreso del interesado o en virtud de mandamiento judicial. En términos similares se han pronunciado, por lo demás, la Declaracion Universal sobre el Genoma Humano y los Derechos Humanos y el Consejo de Europa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Equity in Access to Health Services , Genome, Human , Genetic Privacy/ethics , Genetic Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL