Mastitis granulomatosa idiopática: 10 años de experiencia en el Centro de Imagenología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile / Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: 10 years of experience at the Imaging Center of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile

La mastitis granulomatosa idiopática es una patología inflamatoria de la mama poco frecuente, de etiología desconocida. Dado su forma de presentación clínica e imágenes puede simular tanto patología infecciosa como neoplásica, por lo que es importante sospecharla con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico adecuado y oportuno. La mayoría de los reportes en la literatura sobre esta patología corresponden a series de pocos casos. En este estudio se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos, ima-genológicos y de manejo de 36 casos diagnosticados mediante biopsia Core bajo ecografía en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 2004 y 2014. En este reporte, al igual que en la literatura, los hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos de la mastitis granulomatosa se superponen con los de la patología maligna e infecciosa. Si bien no observamos hallazgos patognomónicos, existen signos que hacen sospechar esta patología. En nuestro estudio encontramos que la presentación clínica más frecuente fue la masa o nódulo palpable, seguida de fístulas a la piel y engrosamiento cutáneo. Imagenológicamente el hallazgo mamográfico más frecuente fue la asimetría y en ecografía fue el área irregular con extensiones tubulares hipoecogénicas. Se revisan además aspectos histológicos, fisiopatológicos y del manejo de esta patología.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is an infrequent inflammatory disease of the breast, with etiology still unknown. Clinical presentation and images can simulate both infectious and neoplastic disease so it's important to suspect it to make a proper and timely diagnosis. Most reports in the literature on this topic correspond to small case series. This study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical, histopathological and imaging features and its management of 36 cases diagnosed by core biopsy under ultrasound at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between 2004 and 2014. In this report, as in the literature, clinical and imaging findings in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis overlap with malignant and infectious diseases. Although we observed no pathognomonic findings, there are signs that make you suspect this condition. In our study we found that the most common clinical presentation was a palpable mass or nodule, followed by cutaneous fistula. Radiologically the most common mammographic finding was lobulated or irregular area and in ultrasound the most frecuent is the distorted breast parenchyma with posterior acoustic shadowing. Histological, pathophysiological and management aspects of this pathology was also reviewed.

Are Irregular Hypoechoic Breast Masses on Ultrasound Always Malignancies?: A Pictorial Essay

Irregular hypoechoic masses in the breast do not always indicate malignancies. Many benign breast diseases present with irregular hypoechoic masses that can mimic carcinoma on ultrasonography. Some of these diseases such as inflammation and trauma-related breast lesions could be suspected from a patient's symptoms and personal history. Careful ultrasonographic examination and biopsy could help to differentiate these from malignancies.

Características clínicas y anatomo-patológicas de las pacientes que ingresaron al Programa de Control de Tuberculosis con diagnóstico de tuberculosis de mama / Clinical and pathological features of patients treated at the tuberculosis control program with the diagnosis of breast tuberculosis

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y anatomo-patológicas de pacientes que ingresaron con diagnóstico de TB de mama al Programa de control de Tuberculosis (PCT) de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron los casos registrados en el PCT como TB de mama en cuyo informe anatomo-patológico figuraba inflamación crónica granulomatosa. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y revaluaron las biopsias de mama. Resultados: Se incluyeron 69 mujeres con edad promedio 35,79 ± 7,94 años. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron presencia de nódulo (89,86%), dolor (89,86%) y signos inflamatorios (40,58%). La revaluación de la biopsia mostró granulomas de tipo supurado, con células gigantes multinucleadas tipo Langhans y cuerpo extraño, sin necrosis caseosa, localizados a nivel de la unidad ducto lobular (UDL) y extra-UDL en 85,51 % de los casos. Solo en 3 casos se observó bacilos ácido alcohol resistente en la secreción o tejido de mama. Todos los casos recibieron tratamiento antituberculoso. Treinta y ocho casos tuvieron seguimiento, de ellos 73,68% presentó persistencia o recurrencia al menos un mes después del inicio de tratamiento antituberculoso. Conclusiones: Todos los casos del estudio fueron mujeres, la mayoría presentaron nódulo, dolor o signos de inflamación en mama, sin síntomas o signos sistémicos y con presencia de granulomas supurados, sin necrosis caseosa. A pesar de recibir tratamiento antituberculoso en todos los casos, cerca del 75% con seguimiento de al menos un mes presentaron persistencia o recurrencia clínica. (AU)

Objective: To describe clinical and pathological features of patients treated at the tuberculosis (TB) control program (TCP) with the diagnosis of breast TB in a general hospital. Methods: Patients registered at the TCP with the pathological diagnosis of chronic granulomatous mastitis were included. Clinical and pathological slides were reviewed. Results: A total of 69 women were included; mean age was 35.79 ± 7.94 years of age. The most common clinical manifestations were a nodular lesion (89.96%), pain (89.96%) and inflammatory signs (4058%). Reevaluation of biopsies showed suppurated granulomas with Langhans´ multinucleated giant cells without caseuous necrosis located at the duct-lobular (DL) and extra DL areas in 85.1% of cases. Acid-fast bacilli were seen in only 3 cases. All cases received anti TB treatment. Thirty-eight patients had follow-up, 73.68% of them had recurrence or persistence at least one month after starting anti TB treatment. Conclusions: Nodular lesions with pain and inflammatory signs in absence of systemic symptoms, and suppurated granulomas without caseuous necrosis were the most frequent findings. Despite receiving anti TB treatment, almost 75% of patients with follow-up had persistence or clinical recurrence. (AU)

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Diagnostic strategy and therapeutic implications in Omani patients

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis [IGM] is a rare benign disorder of the breast whose aetiology is controversial, and is often misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as mammary malignancy; as a result, it may be incorrectly treated. Although no standard treatment is available for this chronic disease, surgery with or without corticosteroids has been tried with controversial results. This study discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, recurrence, and follow-up data of IGM with a review of relevant literature. From 2009-2012, the Breast Unit at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, conducted a clinical study on 20 patients with breast lumps. Their clinical and radiological examinations were indeterminate, and a diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis was established only by histopathology. The majority of the patients were cases of unknown aetiology, who presented with a unilateral breast mass. A few patients had a mass with an abscess, along with axillary lymphadenopathy. A total of 4 patients were suspected of malignancy using radiology. In all patients, sterilised pus was sent for culture and sensitivity. Microscopy showed the characteristic pattern of granulomatous inflammation. All patients were treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks, and the mean follow-up period was 15 months [11-33 months]. All patients had complete remission with no further recurrence. This single largest study of cases of IGM in Oman highlights the pitfalls in diagnosing this non-neoplastic disease of unknown aetiology and uncertain pathogenesis. It emphasises IGM's excellent response to antibiotics, which is crucial, as IGM is a disease which is notoriously difficult and controversial to treat

Profile of patients with granulomatous mastitis presenting to a university teaching hospital in UAE: a case series

To highlight the profile of five patients diagnosed as having granulomatous mastitis by histopathological examination. This presentation is a case series of patients, diagnosed as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis by histopathological examination of excised specimens. The total number of cases included in the report was five females over a 4-year period from 2005 to 2009. The mean age of the patients was 29.6 years and the duration of symptoms varied from three weeks to four months. All the patients presented with a palpable mass in the breast, and two patients had associated pain and one had a bloody nipple discharge. The average size of the excised masses was 3.8 cm x 3.1 cm. Four out of the five patients diagnosed to have breast abscess or segmental mastitis had taken a course of antibiotics. One patient had a persistent wound sinus which subsided with ATT and the rest of the patients had no post-operative complications. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis [IGM] is a relatively rare disease which mimics the common breast disorders in the reproductive age group including malignancy

Mastitis crónica granulomatosa idiopática: reporte de un caso / Idiopathic chronic granulomatous mastitis: a case report

La mastitis cónica granulomatosa idiopática es una enfermedad rara que se presenta en mujeres, preferentemente en edad reproductiva, con características clínicas, mamográficas, ecográficas y citológicas sugestivas de cáncer mamario. Se informa un caso de patología mamaria en paciente mujer de 35 años de edad, portadora de tumoración eritematosa, sensible, localizada en mama izquierda. La lesión fue tratada como "mastitis" con antibióticos y corticoides durante dos semanas. La persistencia de tumoración y sensibilidad, así como los controles mamográficos y ecográficos sugestivos de neoplasia, decidieron la extirpación quirúrgica. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue de mastitis crónica granulomatosa idiopática.

Idiopathic chronic granulomatous mastitis is a rare disease in women at the reproductive life with clinic, mammographic, echographic and cytological characteristics suggestive of breast cancer. We report a case of breast pathology in a 35 years old woman who had a sensitiveness and eritematous tumor localized in the left breast. With the diagnosis of "mastitis", she was treated with antibiotics and corticoids for two weeks. Because the lesion and the sensitiveness persist and the mammographic and ecographic controls were suggestive of malignancy, the tumor was surgically removing. The histopathological diagnosis was idiopatic chronic granulomatous mastitis.