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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(supl.1): 13-28, Sept. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134098

ABSTRACT

Abstract The subdiscipline of historical epidemiology holds the promise of creating a more robust and more nuanced foundation for global public health decision-making by deepening the empirical record from which we draw lessons about past interventions. This essay draws upon historical epidemiological research on three global public health campaigns to illustrate this promise: the Rockefeller Foundation's efforts to control hookworm disease (1909-c.1930), the World Health Organization's pilot projects for malaria eradication in tropical Africa (1950s-1960s), and the international efforts to shut down the transmission of Ebola virus disease during outbreaks in tropical Africa (1974-2019).


Resumo A subdisciplina epidemiologia histórica se propõe a criar um alicerce robusto e refinado para o processo de tomada de decisões em saúde pública global, aprofundando registros empíricos que nos ensinam sobre intervenções passadas. Este artigo se baseia na pesquisa epidemiológica histórica de três campanhas globais de saúde pública para ilustrar essa proposta: os esforços da Fundação Rockefeller para controle da ancilostomose (1909-c.1930), os projetos-piloto da Organização Mundial da Saúde para erradicação da malária na África tropical (décadas de 1950-1960), e os esforços internacionais de interrupção da transmissão do vírus Ebola durante surtos na África tropical (1974-2019).


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Global Health/history , Epidemiology/history , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/history , Health Promotion/history , Hookworm Infections/history , Malaria/history , World Health Organization/history , Public Health Practice/history , Communicable Disease Control/history , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/transmission , Africa , Hookworm Infections/prevention & control , Malaria/prevention & control
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 22(4): 1427-1439, out.-dez. 2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-767019

ABSTRACT

Resumo O farmacêutico Theodoro Peckolt é uma das mais importantes figuras da história da química de produtos naturais brasileira. Como outros farmacêuticos do século XIX que atuavam no Brasil, desenvolveu formulações que comercializava em sua farmácia, localizada no Rio de Janeiro, e que tiveram grande prestígio junto à população e à classe médica. O texto apresenta a relação entre a doença identificada inicialmente como opilação e a terapêutica utilizada no século XIX, destacando uma das formulações da Farmácia Peckolt – “Pós de doliarina e ferro”. O produto tem sua origem no látex da espécie Ficus gomelleira(figueira-branca ou gameleira). O artigo tem entre seus objetivos revelar a composição química, feita por métodos modernos de análise do látex deFicus gomelleira.


Abstract The pharmacist Theodoro Peckolt was one of the most important figures in the history of the chemistry of natural Brazilian products. Like other nineteenth-century pharmacists in Brazil, he developed formulations and sold them at his pharmacy in Rio de Janeiro, and these enjoyed great prestige in the eyes both of the public and the medical community. The article discusses the relation between the illness originally called “opilação” (ancylostomiasis, or hookworm) and nineteenth-century treatment. It focuses especially on Peckolt Pharmacy’s “Doliarina and iron powder,” a formulation extracted from the Ficus gomelleira rubber plant. One of the article’s goals is to use modern methods to analyze Ficus gomelleira and identify the chemical composition of the drug.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , History, 19th Century , Pharmacies/history , Ficus/chemistry , Hookworm Infections/history , Antinematodal Agents/history , Pharmacists/history , Brazil , Hookworm Infections/drug therapy , Iron/history , Iron/therapeutic use , Antinematodal Agents/therapeutic use , Antinematodal Agents/chemistry
3.
Anon.
Bol. Asoc. Méd. P. R ; 94(1/12): 19-19, Jan.-Dec. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-411238
4.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 18(1): 5-21, mar. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-221277

ABSTRACT

Este artículo muestra cómo los intereses cognitivos de los médicos colombianos con respecto a la uncinariasis y a los intereses económicos de los agricultores cafeteros locales se encuentra con los intereses económicos de la Fundación Rockefeller y del estado norteamericano, para permitir el inicio de la campaña contra la uncinariasis liderada por la Fundación Rockfeller, en 1920. Primero se examina la situación de la enfermedad en el país entre 1900 y 1919 desde el punto de vista de los médicos y sus intentos en crear campañas contra ella, así como también el interés que los productores cafeteros prestaron a la enfermedad. En segundo lugar, se examina cómo la Fundación Rockefeller concibió y realizó la campaña contra la uncinariasis como un mecanismo de penetración a los estados latinoamericanos con el fin de sensibilizar positivamente a estos gobiernos a favor de las acciones de la fundación en la salud pública que beneficiarían, en últimas, sus empresas de explotación de materias primas en la región. Se encontró que, tanto los médicos como los agricultores colombianos que hacían parte de la élite local, asociaron la uncinariasis con efectos negativos para la producción cafetera, en el momento en que Colombia logró vincularse en forma definitiva al capitalismo internacional gracias a la exportación del grano. Esto hizo que el estado colombiano acogiera fácilmente la campaña de la fundación, campaña que para la élite local representaba un fin y para la Fundación Rockefeller un medio


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Coffee Industry , Hookworm Infections/history , Health Promotion/history
5.
P. R. health sci. j ; 12(3): 191-6, sept. 1993.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-176741

ABSTRACT

Drs. Bailey Ashford and Pedro Gutiérrez, with the economic aid of the United States and Puerto Rican governments, were able to implement a program to reduce the incidence of hookworm infestations in Puerto Rico during the turn of the century. The program was conducted in three phases. The first phase consisted of evaluating the prevalence of infestations among the population. The second phase was concerned with treating patients and reducing further infestations. The last phase of the program was the implementation of prevention programs whose goals were to educate the population on the mechanisms of contaminations and to help implement improvements in the waste disposal systems so as to reduce the exposure to contaminated soil. The programs greatly improved the level of health of many Puerto Ricans. The incidence of hookworm infestations was reduced from 90 per cent to 15 per cent among members of the population. The program obtained world-wide recognition and serves as a model for similar programs


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Hookworm Infections/history , Ancylostomatoidea/growth & development , Hookworm Infections/epidemiology , Hookworm Infections/prevention & control , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander , Puerto Rico
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