Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Methoxyfenozide on the Development, Survival and Reproduction of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The lethal and sublethal effects of the ecdysone agonist methoxyfenozide on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were investigated by feeding a methoxyfenozide-treated diet to fifth instars until pupation in doses corresponding to the LC10 and LC25 for the compound. Larval mortality reached 8 percent and 26 percent in the low and high concentration groups, respectively, on the seventh day of the experiment. A progressive larval mortality of 12 percent for the LC10 and 60 percent for the LC25 was observed before pupation. Treated larvae exhibited lower pupal weights, higher pupal mortality, presence of deformed pupae, and more deformed adults than untreated larvae. The incorporation of methoxyfenozide into the diet had a significant effect on the timing of larval development. The development period for males and females was about seven days longer than the controls for both concentrations tested. In contrast, the compound affected neither pupae nor adult longevity. Finally, S. frugiperda adults that resulted from fifth instars treated with methoxyfenozide were not affected in their mean cumulative number of eggs laid per female (fecundity), nor percentages of eggs hatched (fertility), or the sex ratio. Our results suggest that the combination of lethal and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide may have important implications for the population dynamics of the fall armyworm.

Papel de radicais alquila gerados no metabolismo de derivados de hidrazina na citotoxicidade e transformaçäo de fibroblastos de camundongo transfectados com o proto-oncogene c-myc / Alkyl radicals paper generated in the hidrazine derivatives metabolism in the cytotoxicity and transformation of transfected mouse fibroblasts with c-myc proto-oncogene

Existem diversos derivados de hidrazina com atividade farmacológica, todos apresentando propriedades carcinogênicas em animais experimentais. Muitos derivados mono e dissubstituídos produzem radicais alquila quando da oxidaçäo por sistemas biológicos. Nossos resultados demonstraram que neutrófilos ativados säo capazes de metabolizar derivados de hidrazina mono e dissubstituídos a radicais alquila, detectados por ressonância paramagnética electrônica/captaçäo de spin, sendo caracterizado o papel de mieloperoxidase e de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Na investigaçäo dos mecanismos de toxicidade dos DH, nossos resultados estabeleceram uma correlaçäo entre a citotoxicidade sobre os fibroblastos de camundongo (medida pela inibiçäo da incorporaçäo de [nH]-dT) e a formaçäo de radicais alquila...

Malignant transformation by hydrazine derivatives: a role for carbon-centered radicals?

There are several hydrazine derivatives with pharmacological activity, all of which have carcinogenic properties in experimental animals. Several mono- and disubstituted derivatives have been shown to produce carbon-centered radicals upon oxidation by enzymatic systems such as HbO2' Cytochrome P-450, monoamine oxidases, horseradish peroxidase and myeloperoxidase. Proposed mechanisms of hydrazine metabolism leading to alkylating species are discussed. The in vitro induction of DNA alterations by carbon-centered radicals generated in hydrazine metabolism ascertains the possibility of its occurrence in vivo. Our results, discussed herein, established the induction of cytotoxicity, proliferation and transformation of cultured mouse fibroblasts by systems in which hydrazine-derived alkyl radicals are formed. These studies represent another step towards distinguishing the possible involvement of metabolism-generated carbon-centered radicals in the onset of carcinogenic processes, which reinforces the importance of additional experimental approaches in order to consolidate this hypothesis.

Participaçäo de radicais livres centrados em átomos de carbono na toxicidade de hidrazina / Centered participation free radicals in carbon atoms in the hidrazone toxicity

A produçäo de radicais de carbono "in vivo" durante a biotransformaçäo da hidrazina foi demonstrada por ressonância paramagnética eletrônica, utilizando o método do captador de spin. Eritrócitos de rato também oxidaram a hidrazina, formando radicais de carbono e nitrogênio, além de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Todas estas espécies, possivelmente formadas "in vivo", säo potencialmente causadoras de dano a macromoléculas. Podem, por exemplo, iniciar reaçöes secundárias formando radicais de componentes celulares, como ocorreu com a hemoglobina que foi oxidada a radicais tiil-hemoglobina em eritrócitos tratados com hidrazina. Radicais de carbono formados durante a biotransformaçäo da hidrazina em animais expostos provêm necessariamente de substâncias endógenas e podem ser direta ou indiretamente responsáveis pela modificaçäo (alquilaçäo) de bases no DNA "in vivo"...

DNA alkylation by carbon-centered radicals

1. Over the last two decades, the prevalent view in chemical carcinogenesis has been that most free radicals do not bind to DNA. Recent studies, however, are demonstrating formation of adducts between DNA and free radicals such as hydroxyl radicals and aromatic cation radicals. 2. Within this context, we discuss the recent work from our group demonstrating DNA alkylation by carbon-centered radicals formed during biotransformation of genotoxic hydrazine derivatives both in vitro and in vivo. 3. The mutagenic potential of the identified methyl radical adduct, C8-methylguanine, is discussed, and other possible biological sources of carbon-centered radicals are presented