ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Human aging is characterized by both physical and physiological frailty that profoundly affects the immune system. In this context aging is associated with declines in adaptive and innate immunity established as immunosenescence. Immunosenescence is a new concept that reflects the age-associated restructuring changes of innate and adaptive immune functions. Thus elderly individuals usually present chronic low-level inflammation, higher infection rates and chronic diseases. A study of alterations in the immune system during aging could provide a potentially useful biomarker for the evaluation of immune senescence treatment. The immune system is the result of the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, yet the impact of aging on this function is unclear. In this article the function of the immune system during aging is explored.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Immunosenescence/physiology , Immunosenescence/immunology , Immune System/physiopathology , Immune System Diseases/physiopathology , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Age FactorsABSTRACT
Esta exposição justifica-se pela escassez de material científico sobre a doença relacionada à IgG4 e por suas várias formas de apresentação clínica. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de doença relacionada à IgG4 apresentando certas peculiaridades. Paciente do sexo masculino, 37 anos, admitido com quadro de perda ponderal significativa (de 70kg a 44kg), iniciada há 6 meses da internação, associada ao surgimento de nodulações subcutâneas em membros superiores, e a tumefações em região de cabeça e pescoço. Apresentava, também, quadro de hiporexia, adinamia e astenia, e dosagem sérica de IgG 4 elevada. Laudos histopatológicos evidenciaram duas amostras de pele e tecido subcutâneo palpebral com lesão esclerosante de partes moles, permeada por células histiocitoides, linfoides e eosinófilos. O perfil imuno-histoquímico em conjunto com os achados morfológicos foi consistente com doença relacionado à IgG4. O paciente foi submetido à corticoterapia com prednisona oral, evoluindo com melhora clínica. A patogênese da doença relacionado à IgG4 ainda é pouco compreendida, sendo a autoimunidade e os agentes infecciosos considerados potenciais gatilhos imunológicos. Diversas citocinas contribuem para o aumento na produção de IgG4 e, em menor escala, de IgE, eosinofilia e a progressão da fibrose, que são características da doença. O surgimento de nódulos e massas, focais ou difusas, descobertos no exame físico ou radiológico é o principal sinal clínico da doença O início é geralmente subagudo, e os sintomas constitucionais são incomuns. Os critérios diagnósticos da doença ainda não estão bem estabelecidos, pois as manifestações clínicas e as alterações patológicas dependem dos órgãos acometidos. Ainda não existe um consenso sobre seu tratamento, mas, atualmente, a droga de escolha são os glicocorticoides. Se não tratada, o paciente evolui com fibrose e disfunção orgânica.
This expository study is warranted by the lack of scientific material about IgG4 Related Disease (IgG4-RD) and its various forms of clinical presentation. The objective of this study was to report a case of IgG4-RD that has certain peculiarities. A male patient, 37 years old, admitted with significant weight loss (from 70kg to 44kg), begun six months of hospitalization, associated with the appearance of subcutaneous nodules in the upper limbs, and swellings on the head and neck region. Had also hyporexia, adynamia and asthenia. High IgG4 serum levels. Histopathological reports showing two samples of skin and eyelid subcutaneous tissue with sclerosing soft tissue injury, permeated by histiocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils. The immunohistochemical profile in conjunction with the morphological findings are consistent with IgG4-RD. The patient underwent corticosteroid therapy with oral prednisone, evolving to clinical improvement. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is still poorly understood, being autoimmunity and infectious agentes considered potential immunological triggers. Several cytokines contribute to the increased production of IgG4, and to a lesser extent, IgE, eosinophilia and the progression of fibrosis, which are characteristic of diseases. The emergence of nodules and masses,focal or diffuse, discovered through physical or radiological examination are the main clinical signs of disease. The onset is usually subacute and constitutional symptoms are uncommon. The disease diagnostic criteria are not well established, because the clinical manifestations and pathological changes depend on organs affected. There is still no consensus on treatment, but glucocorticoids are the currently drug of choice. If untreated, the patient progresses with fibrosis and organ dysfunction
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Immune System Diseases/physiopathology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Fibrosis/pathology , Lymphocytes/pathology , Prednisone/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Las técnicas de biología molecular han tenido un profundo impacto en el campo de la inmunología. Han permitido dilucidar varias interrogantes sobre el funcionamiento del sistema inmune y han aumentado nuestra habilidad para entender, diagnosticar y tratar una gran variedad de enfermedades inmunológicas. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre aspectos generales de la importancia de las técnicas de biología molecular en el estudio de la respuesta inmune, que incluye conceptos generales y clasificación de las metodologías más empleadas, así como la referencia de algunas aplicaciones en el estudio de la inmunología y la inmunopatología. Se muestra información actualizada con enfoque analítico que permite ilustrar las características de los principales métodos empleados en biología molecular y su aplicación en el estudio de la respuesta inmune. La utilidad de las técnicas de biología molecular en el estudio de la respuesta inmune, ha constituido un poderoso instrumento para sus aplicaciones en el desarrollo de mejores alternativas diagnósticas y terapéuticas...
Molecular biology technical methods have caused a high impact in the field of immunology. They have made it possible to know the answer to many questions regarding the immune system function and have increased our ability to understand, diagnose and treat a great deal of immunological diseases. A review of the literature about the importance of molecular biology in the study of immune response was made, including general concepts, classification of the most used technologies, as well as some applications in the study of immunology and immunopathology. Update information with analytic view about the main methods used in molecular biology and its application in the evaluation of immune response is shown. Usefulness of molecular biology techniques are a powerfull instrument to develop new and better alternatives for diagnoses and treatment...
Subject(s)
Humans , Allergy and Immunology , Autoimmunity/immunology , Molecular Biology/methods , Immune System Diseases/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Tendo em vista a relação estabelecida entre desnutrição neonatal e atividade celular ligada ao sistema imune, macrófagos peritoniais de ratos Wistar machos, desnutridos e recuperados, foram expostos à diatermia de ondas curtas pulsadas (DOCP) e a campo magnético (CM) alternado em frequência ultrabaixa para verificar in vitro as possíveis alterações no índice de aderência.
In view of the established relationships between neonatal malnutrition and the immuno system, peritoneal macrophages of male Wistar rats were exposed to diatermic pulsate short wave (DPSW) and to alterned magnetic field on extreme low frequency, in order to verify in vitro adhesion index and phagocytic activity...