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1.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 15(3): 187-196, sept.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-830445

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es la sexta causa de muerte a nivel mundial. La prolongación del tiempo inspiratorio es una práctica con ventajas y desventajas. Objetivo: comparar los beneficios de diferentes tiempos inspiratorios sobre la oxigenación, las presiones en la vía respiratorias y las variaciones hemodinámicas. Métodos: estudio analítico longitudinal prospectivo con un grupo. Universo de 36 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: la media de la edad fue de 70,5 años ± 8,3 años, el 59 por ciento fueron mujeres. El 38,7 por ciento fueron hipertensos, y el 41,2 por ciento cardiópatas. Las presiones pico fueron de 26,6 mbar Ti corto y en el Ti largo 19,1 mbar (t student 1,28). Las medias de las presiones mesetas se comportaron diferentes con Ti corto de 20,6 mbar y Ti largo 19,6 mbar con t student de 0,04. Las medias de las frecuencias respiratorias en el Ti corto fueron de 12,6 resp/min y en el Ti largo 10,7 resp/min con t student fue de 5,92. La relación entre saturación de oxigeno/fracción inspirada de oxigeno en el Ti corto fue de 243 y en el Ti largo 248, pero la t student fue de 5,9. Conclusiones: la prolongación del tiempo inspiratorio durante la ventilación intraoperatoria controlada por presión en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es ventajosa porque reduce las presiones de la vía respiratoria y mantiene los parámetros de oxigenación y hemodinámicos con relación al tiempo inspiratorio convencional, por lo que pudiera ser una alternativa para el manejo anestésico de estos pacientes(AU)


Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. Lengthening the inspiration time is a practice with advantages and disadvantages. Objective: To compare the benefits of different inspiration times on oxygenation, airway pressures and hemodynamic changes. Methods: Prospective longitudinal analytic study with a group. Sample group of 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The mean age was 70.5 years ± 8.3 years, 59 percent were women. 38.7 percent were hypertensive, and 41.2 percent were cardiac patients. The peak pressures were 26.6 mbar in the short Ti and 19.1 mbar in the long Ti (Student's t-distribution was 1.28). The means of the plateau pressure behaved different: with short Ti, 20.6 mbar, and with long Ti, 19.6 mbar, with Student's t-distribution: 0.04. Mean respiratory rates in the short Ti were 12.6 breaths/min and in the long Ti, 10.7 breaths/min, with Student's t-distribution 5.92. The relation between oxygen saturation and fraction of inspired oxygen in the Ti short was 243 and in the long Ti was 248, but the Student's t-distribution was 5.9 t. Conclusions: Lengthened inspiratory time during intraoperative pressure-controlled ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is advantageous because it reduces the airway pressure and maintains oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters versus conventional inspiration time, so it could be an alternative for the anesthetic management of these patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 14(2): 202-207, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-788042

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the vital capacity after two chest therapy techniques in patients undergoing abdominal surgical. Methods A prospective randomized study carried out with patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after abdominal surgery. We checked vital capacity, muscular strength using the Medical Research Council scale, and functionality with the Functional Independence Measure the first time the patient was breathing spontaneously (D1), and also upon discharge from the Intensive Care Unit (Ddis). Between D1 and Ddis, respiratory therapy was carried out according to the randomized group. Results We included 38 patients, 20 randomized to Positive Intermittent Pressure Group and 18 to Volumetric Incentive Spirometer Group. There was no significant gain related to vital capacity of D1 and Ddis of Positive Intermittent Pressure Group (mean 1,410mL±547.2 versus 1,809mL±692.3; p=0.979), as in the Volumetric Incentive Spirometer Group (1,408.3mL±419.1 versus 1,838.8mL±621.3; p=0.889). We observed a significant improvement in vital capacity in D1 (p<0.001) and Ddis (p<0.001) and in the Functional Independence Measure (p<0.001) after respiratory therapy. The vital capacity improvement was not associated with gain of muscle strength. Conclusion Chest therapy, with positive pressure and volumetric incentive spirometer, was effective in improving vital capacity of patients submitted to abdominal surgery.


RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a capacidade vital comparando duas técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal. Métodos Estudo prospectivo e randomizado realizado com pacientes admitidos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva após cirurgia abdominal. Verificamos a capacidade vital, a força muscular por meio da escala do Medical Research Council e funcionalidade pela Medida de Independência Funcional no primeiro momento em que o paciente encontrava-se em respiração espontânea (D1) e na alta da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (Dalta). Entre D1 e Dalta, foi realizada a fisioterapia respiratória, conforme o grupo randomizado. Resultados Foram incluídos 38 pacientes, sendo 20 randomizados para Grupo Pressão Positiva Intermitente e 18 para o Grupo Incentivador Inspiratório a Volume. A capacidade vital entre o D1 e Dalta do Grupo Pressão Positiva Intermitente não teve ganho significativo (média de 1.410mL±547,2 versus 1.809mL±692,3; p=0,979), assim como no Grupo Incentivador Inspiratório a Volume (1.408,3mL±419,1 versus 1.838,8mL±621,3; p=0,889). Houve melhora significativa da capacidade vital no D1 (p<0,001) e na Dalta (p<0,001) e da Medida de Independência Funcional (p<0,001) após a fisioterapia respiratória. A melhora da capacidade vital não apresentou relação com o ganho da força muscular. Conclusão A fisioterapia respiratória, por meio de pressão positiva ou de incentivador inspiratório a volume, foi eficaz na melhora da capacidade vital em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Postoperative Care/rehabilitation , Spirometry/methods , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Vital Capacity/physiology , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Muscle Strength/physiology , Abdominal Injuries/rehabilitation
3.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 85(2): 163-172, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-678128

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la asistencia respiratoria es un marcador de la evolución de la Neonatología. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de las modalidades ventilatorias y su sobrevida en Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, multicéntrico nacional en 14 377 recién nacidos ventilados, durante el período 2002-2011. Se calculó el índice de ventilados, los porcentajes de las modalidades con presión positiva intermitente, presión positiva continua y alta frecuencia oscilatoria, y el porcentaje de sobrevida de cada una de ellas. Resultados: aumentó el índice de ventilación a 2 por ciento, el uso de presión positiva continua a 29 por ciento y con alta frecuencia oscilatoria a 7,2 por ciento, disminuyó la utilización de presión positiva intermitente a 64 por ciento. La sobrevida aumentó en todas las modalidades. Conclusiones: hubo un incremento de la ventilación con presión positiva continua, acompañado de una disminución de la ventilación con presión positiva intermitente. La sobrevida se incrementó en todas las modalidades empleadas


Introduction: The assisted ventilation is a development marker of neonatology. Objective: To describe the behavior of ventilation modalities and their survival rates in Cuba. Methods: A national multicenter descriptive study was conducted in 14 377 ventilated newborns in the period of 2002 through 2011. The index of ventilated patients, the percentages of modalities with intermittent positive pressure, continuous positive pressure and high oscillatory frequency, and the survival percentages of each of them were all estimated. Results: The ventilation index rose to 2 percent, the use of continuous positive pressure to 29 percent and the high oscillatory frequency to 7.2 percent but the use of intermittent positive pressure decreased to 64 percent. The survival rates increased in all the modalities. Conclusions: There was increase of continuous positive pressure ventilation and in turn a reduction of intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The survival rate increased in all the modalities


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , High-Frequency Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , High-Frequency Ventilation/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Survival
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-731369

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la ventilación con presión positiva continua de las vías respiratorias, conocida por sus siglas en inglés como CPAP, es una técnica de ventilación no-invasora reconocida a nivel mundial. A la aplicación precoz de esta ventilación, se asocia una disminución de la mortalidad y la morbilidad.Objetivo: caracterizar los resultados obtenidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales con el uso de la ventilación con presión positiva continua.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo en recién nacidos que recibieron ventilación con presión positiva continua en un período de 7 años, en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico Comandante Manuel Piti Fajardo de Güines, provincia Mayabeque. De universo con 12068 nacidos, se tomó una muestra de 70 neonatos ventilados con presión positiva continua. Resultados: de los 8 neonatos de muy bajo peso ventilados, el 7,1 por ciento falleció, sin embargo, de un 55,7 por ciento de neonatos con edad gestacional ≤ 36 semanas solo falleció un 8,6 por ciento. Con respecto a la edad al inicio de la ventilación, el 50,0 por ciento de los casos se asoció a las primeras 12 horas de vida. El 62,9 por ciento no presentó complicaciones. En las indicaciones de la ventilación por presión positiva continua, el 50,0 por ciento se uso precozmente y hubo un fallo de un 8,6 por ciento.Conclusiones: el inicio precoz del CPAP reduce la exposición a la ventilación, así como el diagnóstico y manejo adecuado de su indicación disminuye el número de complicaciones, y se comprobó que es inefectivo en los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso


Introduction: continuous positive airway pressure of the respiratory tract known by its initials in English as CPAP is a globally recognized non-invasive ventilation technique. A decrease in mortality and morbidity is associated with the early application of this ventilation.Objective: to characterize the results obtained in the neonatal intensive care unit with the use of continuous positive airway pressure.Methods: a retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted in infants receiving continuous positive airway pressure in a period of seven years, at MAJ. Manuel Piti Fajardo Ginecobstetric Hospital in Güines, Mayabeque province.. From a universe of 12068 born, it was taken a sample of 70 neonates ventilated with continuous positive airway pressure.Results: of the 8 ventilated neonates with very low birth weight, 7,1 per cent died, however of 55,7 per cent of neonates with gestational age ≤ 36 weeks only 8,6 per cent died. With regard to the age at onset of ventilation, 50,0 per cent of cases were associated with the first 12 hours of life. 62,9 per cent had no complications. In the indications of continuous positive airway pressure, the 50,0 per cent was used early, and there was a 8,6 per cent failure.Conclusions: early initiation of CPAP reduces exposure to ventilation, as well as the diagnosis and proper management of its indication decreases the number of complications, and it was found to be ineffective in very low birth weight neonates


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 88(1): 48-53, jan.-fev. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-617049

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Conhecer as práticas referentes ao uso de ventilação por pressão positiva intermitente nasal (VPPIN) em unidades terciárias de atendimento neonatal do Nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional seccional tipo inquérito, realizado entre março de 2009 e janeiro de 2010 em todas as instituições de atendimento neonatal de nível terciário localizadas no Nordeste brasileiro, cadastradas no Conselho Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde do Ministério de Saúde. Realizado por meio de levantamento, utilizando questionários sobre o uso de VPPIN, enviados aos responsáveis das unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais de cada instituição. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo software Epi-Info versão 6.04, com dupla entrada de dados. As variáveis foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado, sendo considerado nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Estão cadastradas no Conselho Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde 93 unidades terciárias neonatais no Nordeste brasileiro. Os questionários foram respondidos por 87 por cento delas. A maior parte classificou-se como de natureza privada (30,7 por cento) ou pública estadual (29,4 por cento). O número de instituições que se utilizam da VPPIN correspondeu a 98,7 por cento do total. Grande parte das unidades (92,8 por cento) declarou utilizar aparelhos de ventilação pulmonar mecânica, adaptados para aplicação de VPPIN, e pronga binasal curta como interface (94,2 por cento). O protocolo para aplicação de VPPIN existia em apenas 17,3 por cento das unidades. A média dos valores de pressão positiva inspiratória adotados foi de 20,0 cmH2O (desvio padrão = 4,47) e de pressão expiratória final positiva foi de 5,0 cmH2O (desvio padrão = 0,84). CONCLUSÃO: A ventilação por pressão positiva intermitente nasal representa um suporte utilizado pelas unidades neonatais no Nordeste brasileiro, embora se observe pouca uniformização quanto às indicações e parâmetros adotados entre as instituições.


OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in level three neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2009 to January 2010 in all level three NICUs in northeastern Brazil that are registered in the Brazilian Registry of Health Establishments (Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, CNES) of the Ministry of Health. Questionnaires about the use of NIPPV were sent to the NICU directors in each institution. Statistical analysis was conducted using the software Epi-Info 6.04 and double data entry. A chi-square test was used to compare variables, and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: This study identified 93 level three NICUs in northeastern Brazil registered in CNES, and 87 percent answered the study questionnaire. Most classified themselves as private institutions (30.7 percent); 98.7 percent used NIPPV; 92.8 percent adapted mechanical ventilators for NIPPV and used short binasal prongs as the interface (94.2 percent). Only 17.3 percent of the units had a protocol for the use of NIPPV. Mean positive inspiratory pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure were 20.0 cmH2O (standard deviation [SD]: 4.47) and 5.0 cmH2O (SD: 0.84). CONCLUSION: NICUs in northeastern Brazil use nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation, but indications and ventilation settings are not the same in the different institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Clinical Protocols/standards , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation , Neonatology/statistics & numerical data , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Brazil , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Care Surveys , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/standards , Neonatology/standards
6.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 85(1): 15-20, jan.-fev. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507694

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar a ventilação mandatória intermitente (IMV) com a ventilação mandatória intermitente sincronizada com pressão de suporte (SIMV+PS) quanto à duração da ventilação mecânica, desmame e tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP). MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico randomizado que incluiu crianças entre 28 dias e 4 anos de idade, admitidas na UTIP no período correspondente entre 10/2005 e 06/2007, que receberam ventilação mecânica (VM) por mais de 48 horas. Os pacientes foram alocados, por meio de sorteio, em dois grupos: grupo IMV (GIMV; n = 35) e grupo SIMV+PS (GSIMV; n = 35). Foram excluídas crianças traqueostomizadas e com insuficiência respiratória crônica. Dados relativos à oxigenação e ventilação foram anotados na admissão e no início do desmame. RESULTADOS: Os grupos não diferiram estatisticamente quanto à idade, sexo, indicação da VM, escore PRISM, escala de Comfort, uso de sedativos e parâmetros de ventilação e oxigenação. A mediana da duração da VM foi de 5 dias para ambos os grupos (p = 0,120). Também não houve diferença estatística quanto à duração do desmame [GIMV: 1 dia (1-6) versus GSIMV: 1 dia (1-6); p = 0,262] e tempo de internação [GIMV: 8 dias (2-22) versus GSIMV: 6 dias (3-20); p = 0,113]. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre IMV e SIMV+PS quanto à duração da VM/desmame e tempo de internação nas crianças avaliadas. ClinicalTrials.govID: NCT00549809.


OBJECTIVE: To compare intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support (SIMV+PS) in terms of time on mechanical ventilation, duration of weaning and length of stay in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial that enrolled children aged 28 days to 4 years who were admitted to a PICU between October of 2005 and June of 2007 and put on mechanical ventilation (MV) for more than 48 hours. These patients were allocated to one of two groups by drawing lots: IMV group (IMVG; n = 35) and SIMV+PS group (SIMVG; n = 35). Children were excluded if they had undergone tracheotomy or had chronic respiratory diseases. Data on oxygenation and ventilation were recorded at admission and at the start of weaning. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, indication for MV, PRISM score, Comfort scale, use of sedatives or ventilation and oxygenation parameters. The median time on MV was 5 days for both groups (p = 0.120). There were also no statistical differences between the two groups for duration of weaning [IMVG: 1 day (1-6) vs. SIMVG: 1 day (1-6); p = 0.262] or length of hospital stay [IMVG: 8 days (2-22) vs. SIMVG: 6 days (3-20); p = 0.113]. CONCLUSION: Among the children studied here, there was no statistically significant difference between IMV and SIMV+PS in terms of time on MV, duration of weaning or time spent in the PICU. ClinicalTrials.govID: NCT00549809.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Ventilator Weaning/statistics & numerical data
7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-44658

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of reintubation within 7 days after extubation and study the complications in premature infants who were randomized in the immediate postextubation period to either nsNIMV or NCPAP. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was conducted in the neonatal unit of Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health between June 1 and November 30, 2006. Intubated premature infants born at GA < or = 34 weeks or with birth weight < or = 1500 gm, ready to be extubated before 4 weeks of age were recruited. Infants were randomized to either nsNIMV or NCPAP after extubation. Non-synchronized NIMV setting was the same as ventilator setting before extubation and NCPAP pressure was set at the same mean airway pressure of pre extubation ventilator value. Extubation was performed after intravenous loading dose of aminophylline. Primary outcome measurement was reintubation within 7 days of initial extubation and the secondary outcome was possible complications such as apnea, abdominal distension, gastrointestinal (GI) perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis and death. RESULTS: A total of 70 VLBW infants were admitted to the neonatal unit during the study period. A total of 57 infants were intubated of which 48 infants were recruited for the study; 24 were in the nsNIMV group and 24 were in the NCPAP group. Infants in the nsNIMV group had mean birth weight and body weight at the start of study less than that in the NCPAP group (984.8 +/- 218 vs. 1067 +/- 214 and 1185 +/- 219 vs. 1205 +/-191, p = 0.003, 0.02). The nsNIMV group also had a higher rate of RDS and antenatal steroid used when compared to the NCPAP group (19/24 vs. 12/24 and 17/24 vs. 8/24, p = 0.03, 0.01). The nsNIMV group had fewer males than in the NCPAP group (8/24 vs. 17/24, p = 0.01). Reintubation was similar in both groups but atelectasis and sepsis were statistically significant risk factor for reintubation in NCPAP group. There were no significant differences in treatment related complications between the two groups, with respect to incidence of apnea (41.7% in nsNIMV vs. 62.5% in NCPAP), abdominal distensions (8.3% in nsNIMVvs. 16.7% in NCPAP), NEC (4.2% in nsNIMVvs. 12.5 in NCPAP), sepsis (4.2% in nsNIMVvs. 8.3% NCPAP). No GI perforation was observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive mode of ventilation, both NIMV and NCPAP, for weaning ofpre-term infants from ventilator may reduce the rate of reintubation in this group. Both modes seem to be equally safe. We believe that the use of non-invasive ventilator techniques will significantly reduce neonatal morbidity in the future. Additional prospective evaluation of these approaches should be conducted in the future.


Subject(s)
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Male , Nasopharynx , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Ventilator Weaning
10.
Kasr El-Aini Medical Journal. 2003; 9 (5 Supp.): 43-51
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-124136

ABSTRACT

Biphasic positive airway pressure [BIPAP] is a mode of ventilation, which allows unrestricted spontaneous breathing at any moment of the ventilatory cycle. Following open-heart surgery in adults, this mode of ventilation [BIPAP] is being accepted with a decrease in the need for sedation and a shorter time of intubation. In this study we compared BIPAP versus synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support [SIMV/PSV] following open-heart surgery in children for simple congenital cardiac anomalies. Twenty-four children aged 4-12 year undergoing repair of simple congenital cardiac anomalies, were randomly classified postoperatively into two equal groups. Group I ventilated by BIPAP mode of ventilation and Group II ventilated by SIMV/PSV mode of ventilation. Evita 4 ventilator was used in this study. Midazolam and morphine were used and adjusted according to comfort scale. In this study we compared between BIPAP and SIMV/PSV as regards hemodynamic data, ventilatory parameters, the needs for sedation and analgesia and the mean duration of endotracheal intubation. The two groups were comparable as regards the demographic data. There were significant differences between the two groups regarding better hemodynamic stability, increased comfort scale, and decreased the needs for sedation and analgesia in group I when compared to group II The ventilatory parameters were significantly better in-group I with better minute ventilation, lower PaCO[2] and higher PaO[2] when compared to group II. The mean duration of endotracheal intubation was significantly shorter in-group I when compared to group II. BIPAP is an effective, safe and easy to use mode of ventilation in children following open-heart surgery for simple congenital anomalies. Further assessment needed for its use in more complicated cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Comparative Study
11.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 73(1): 51-55, ene.-feb. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-314820

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En los últimos años se han desarrollado sistemas de apoyo ventilatorio en domicilio (SAVED), que han logrado tratar pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica en su hogar. Objetivo: revisar nuestra experiencia en los pacientes con SAVED. Pacientes y Método: se revisaron las fichas de los 15 pacientes ( 9 mujeres) con SAVED dados de alta del Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, entre enero de 1993 y diciembre 2000. Se describen las características del grupo y su seguimiento. Resultados: sus edades al alta fluctuaron entre 5 meses y 15 años; 6 tenían enfermedad neuromuscular, 4 daño pulmonar crónico, 1 deformidad torácica y 4 traqueobroncomalacia grave. Doce requirieron traqueostomía, de estos, 4 utilizaron ventilación mecánica (PLV-102, LifeCare) y 8 CPAP con generador de flujo (Downs) y válvula de PEEP, y 3 ventilación nasal a través de BIPAP. El alta fue entre 2 y 4 meses desde el ingreso y la implementación del SAVED entre 1 y 4 meses, de acuerdo a la realidad familiar y previsional. El período de seguimiento fue de 3 meses a 8 años. La tasa de reingreso fue 2,5 y 0,4 ingresos/paciente/año por morbilidad y por falla de sistema respectivamente, el tiempo promedio de estadía en el hospital fue de 16,5 ñ 9 días/año. Se logró la retirada del SAVED en 5 pacientes y 1 niño falleció debido a su enfermedad neurológica. En resumen, nuestra experiencia demuestra que los SAVED son una alternativa real en el manejo de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica grave. Esta terapia presenta escasas complicaciones, permite enviar al paciente a su casa y disminuye en forma significativa los costos del tratamiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Home Care Services, Hospital-Based , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency , Age of Onset , Length of Stay , Respiratory Insufficiency , Tracheostomy , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods
12.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2002 Jan; 69(1): 15-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-78730

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical profile and immediate outcome of inborn neonates receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) at the neonatal intensive care unit of Civil Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia, a level II nursery. METHODS: 78 liveborn neonates who had received IPPV over a 20 months period from January 1999 to August 2000 were reviewed from their charts and nursery registers. The indications for IPPV and the immediate outcome including complications were studied with respect to various weight groups (1 kg or less, > 1-1.25 kg, > 1.25-1.5, > 1.5-2 kg and > 2 kg) and gestation groups (28 weeks or less, 29-32 weeks, 33-36 weeks and full term). RESULT: Hyaline Membrane disease (n = 31, 39.7%) and perinatal asphyxia (n = 29, 37.2%) were the major indications for IPPV. 67.9% (53 of the 78) ventilated neonates survived. The chances for survival showed a statistically significant increase with increasing birthweight (P = 0.0006) and with increasing gestational age (P = 0.002). (80%) (44 of 55) of neonates weighing more than 1.25 kg survived vs 39.1% (9 of 23) of those 1.25 kg or less, P = 0.0011. Similarly, 79.3% (46 of 58) of neonates of 29 or more weeks of gestation survived vs 35% (7 of 20) of those 28 weeks or less, P = 0.0007. The complications seen in the study group included blood culture positive sepsis (n = 7), pulmonary hemorrhage (n = 6), air leak syndromes (n = 4), endotracheal tube related problems (n = 5), chronic lung disease (n = 3) and retinopathy of prematurity (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Gestational age of less than 28 weeks and birth weight less than 1.25 kg can be recommended as the cut off weight and gestation criteria for in utero transfer in this centre and upgradation of existing facilities are urgently called for to improve the survival rates further.


Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Chi-Square Distribution , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Lung Diseases/mortality , Saudi Arabia , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
14.
Rev. chil. med. intensiv ; 16(1): 36-40, 2001. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-290200

ABSTRACT

Quisimos evaluar la aplicabilidad y eficacia de la ventilación con presión positiva no invasiva (VPPNI) en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) hipoxémica y aumento del trabajo respiratorio. En un periodo de 10 meses evaluamos a 64 pacientes que ingresaron a nuestro servicio con el diagnóstico de IRA y signos de fatiga muscular, en ausencia de patología crónica. Fueron considerados no aptos para VPPNI quienes tuvieran compromiso de conciencia importante, inestabilidad hemodinámica o más de dos órganos en falla, cirugía reciente de esófago, estómago o duodeno, hemorragia digestiva alta activa, distensión abdominal importante o dificultad en el manejo de secreciones. Luego de aplicar los criterios de exclusión, 14 (23 por ciento) pacientes fueron sometidos a VPPNI por un periodo de 1 a 9 días. La Pa/FiO2, sin cambios significativos en la PaCO2 y frecuencia respiratoria. En 5 pacientes (36 por ciento) fracasó el método, de los cuales 2 fallecieron. Un paciente presentó una escara nasal. Por su mínima invasividad y fácil aplicación, la VPPNI debe ser considerada precozmente en todo paciente con IRA hipoxémica con buen nivel de conciencia y que preserve su ventilación espontánea


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Hypoxia/therapy , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/instrumentation
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 46(2): 166-73, abr.-jun. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-268368

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar três modos de VPM, a ventilação mandatória intermitente com pressão expiratória positiva (VMI+PEEP), a VLPVA e a utilização de pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas (CPAP) em crianças no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca com hipertensão pulmonar e lesão pulmonar leve ou moderada. MÉTODOS: Estudados 10 pacientes com monitorização respiratória (Bear Neonatal Volume Monitor-1Ò), em VPM com aparelho de fluxo contínuo, ciclado a tempo e limitado a pressão. As variáveis cardiocirculatórias analisadas foram a pressão venosa central (PVC), extração de oxigênio (ExtO2), freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial média (PAM) e a diferença artério-venosa de CO2 (D(A-V)CO2). Utilizou-se o teste não-paramétrico de Friedman para comparar as variáveis aferidas nas três modalidades de ventilação e o teste de Wilcoxon para a comparação das variáveis obtidas em duas das modalidades. RESULTADOS: A pressão média de vias aéreas (PMVA) apresentou um aumento significante durante a VLPVA em relação à VMI+PEEP (p=0,012). A pressão inspiratória positiva (PIP), o volume minuto e a relação da pressão arterial de O2 com a fração inspirada de O2 (PaO2/FiO2) não mostraram diferença estatística. Houve uma diminuição da freqüência respiratória (FR) na VLPVA (p=0,004) e um aumento do volume corrente (VC) (p=0,045) comparativamente aos outros dois modos de ventilação. A PVC foi a única variável cardiocirculatória que apresentou alteração mostrando ser maior (p=0,019) na VLPVA. CONCLUSÕES: Devido à metodologia empregada, houve um aumento significativo da PMVA na VLPVA, com conseqüente aumento do VC e manutenção das outras variáveis respiratórias e cardiocirculatórias quando comparados os três modos de VPM, indicando ser a VLPVA um método seguro e de fácil aplicação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies
16.
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci ; 2000 Apr-Jun; 42(2): 105-14
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-29486

ABSTRACT

Non invasive ventilation refers to the technique of providing ventilatory support without a direct conduit to the airway. It is a promising new technique, which is particularly useful in patients with COPD. Patients with COPD are prone to develop acute exacerbations, which pushes them into acute respiratory failure. Under these circumstances, tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A number of well conducted studies support the fact that non invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in these circumstances reduces rates of intubation, mortality, complications and duration of hospital stay. The biggest advantage of these techniques is their simplicity, ease of implementation and improved patient comfort allowing them to retain important functions like speech, cough and swallowing. NIPPV should be instituted early in the course of acute respiratory failure due to COPD before irreversible fatigue sets in. The current thinking is that NIPPV rests the respiratory muscles allowing other therapies time to be effective. Facilities for NIPPV should be available in all hospitals admitting patients with respiratory failure. Patients with severe, stable COPD who are hypercapnic and are deteriorating despite maximal conventional treatment should definitely be offered a trial of NIPPV. In such patients NIPPV has been shown to improve quality of life, reverse blood gas abnormalities, improve exercise tolerance and reduce hospital admissions. Physicians must familiarize themselves with this promising new ventilatory technique.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Clinical Protocols , Humans , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/therapy , Masks/adverse effects , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods
17.
Rev. mex. pueric. ped ; 7(39): 80-86, ene.-feb. 2000. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-302869

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La ventilación controlada por presión se ha utilizado aparentemente con buenos resultados en adultos. Se trató de observar si esta moda de ventilación es útil en niños mayores. Metodología. Se estudiaron pacientes de más de 10 kg, sin daño pulmonar, con PaO2/FiO2 (IK> 230), con daño pulmonar moderado (IK= 150-230) y severo (IK< 150). Se asignaron al azar a ventilación ciclada por volumen o controlada por presión. Se cuantificaron los días de estancia en la unidad de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP) del CMN "20 de Noviembre" del ISSSTE, las horas que permanecieron en ventilación y las complicaciones. Resultados. 25 pacientes con ventilación ciclada por volumen, peso de 22.6 ñ 8.3 kg, edad de 87.7 ñ 44 meses, 11 masculinos y 14 femeninos, ventilación mecánica de 25.6 ñ 18.8 horas y 3.7 ñ 1.3 días de estancia en UTIP. 27 pacientes con ventilación controlada por presión, peso de 23.5 ñ 11.4 kg, edad de 69.7 ñ 46.1 meses, 10 masculinos y 17 femeninos, con 29.1 ñ 43.9 horas de ventilación mecánica y 4.1 ñ 4.4 díasLa mayoría postoperados de corazón. Falleció uno en estancia en la UTIP (p > 0.05 en estas variables).ventilación controlada por presión con LLA-L3 y neumonía nosocomial. La PIM y PMVA en el grupo de presión, y de acuerdo con el daño pulmonar, fueron de 14.8 ñ 2.1, 15.8 ñ 2.8, 20.7 ñ 8.2 (cmH2O) y de 6.2 ñ 1, 6.7 ñ 0.6, 9.9 ñ 4.9 (cmH2O) (p> 0.05). La PM por presión fue 6 ñ 2.2, 4.6 ñ 1.2 (cmH2O) y por volumen 10.6 ñ 2.1, 13 ñ 3.3 (cm H2O) (p < 0.05). Conclusión. Las presiones fueron menores en el grupo de pacientes ventilados por presión que en los ciclados por volumen, sin diferencia significativa excepto en la PM. La ventilación controlada por presión puede ser usada en forma segura y bien tolerada en niños mayores de 10 kg.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Respiratory Insufficiency , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
19.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 9(4): 204-6, out.-nov. 1997.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-199829

ABSTRACT

A ventilaçäo com pressäo positiva näo invasiva (VPPNI) tem sido usada para tratar insuficiência respiratória aguda (IRA) em pacientes críticos. Entretanto, para nosso conhecimento, näo existe relato na literatura do uso de VPPNI para manejo de IRA por tórax instável. Nós relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 30 anos, que sofreu um acidente automobilístico, com IRA devido a tórax instável por fratura de 3ª a 6ª junçoes costo-condro-esternais direitas. A paciente foi tratada com VPPNI em Servo 900 C (Siemens) por máscara nasal com pressäo expiratória de 5 cm H2O, pressäo suporte inspiratória de 10 cm H2O e FiO2 de 0,35 por sete dias, recebendo alta da UTI no 9§ dia. Näo houve o desenvolvimento de infecçäo nosocomial. Embora este caso seja um relato isolado, ele sugere que IRA por tórax instável pode ser manejada com VPPNI.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , Thoracic Injuries/complications
20.
In. Schiabel, Homero; Slaets, Annie France Frère; Costa, Luciano da Fontoura; Baffa Filho, Oswaldo; Marques, Paulo Mazzoncini de Azevedo. Anais do III Fórum Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Saúde. Säo Carlos, s.n, 1996. p.233-234, tab, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-236332

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho é apresentado um método para projeto e calibração de pneumotacógrafos unicapilares, para ser utilizado em pequenos animais. O projeto, baseado na lei de Poiseuille, em condições de medição e mínima interferência fisiológica, tem como objetivo definir um conjunto de soluções para o raio interno e comprimento. Calibrações linear e polinomial de terceira ordem e testes foram realizados nas condições de ventilação com pressão positiva em ratos. Erros volumétricos percentuais absolutos menores que 1 por cento demonstram que a calibração não-linear é adequada para medidas de fluxo e volume em ratos submetidos a ventilação mecânica


Abstract - A method for design and calibration of unicapillary pneumotachographs to be used in small animais is presented. The design. based on Poiseuille's law, measurement conditions and physiological minimal interference. aims to define a set of solutions for internai radius and length values. Linear and third order polynomial calibration and tests were done for conditions of positive pressure ventilation in rats. Percentual absolute volumetric errors (lower than 1 %) show that nonlinear calibration is adequate for flow and volume measurements in rats, under mechanical ventilation


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calibration/standards , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation/methods , High-Frequency Ventilation , Medical Errors
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