The body weight changes and gut morphometry of clarias gariepinus juveniles on feeds supplemented with walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (Allium cepa) bulb residues / Cambios de peso corporal y morfometría intestinal en clarias gariepinus juvenilespor alimentos suplementados con hojas de nogal (Tetracarpidium conophorum)y residuos de bulbo de cebolla (Allium cepa)

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of walnut (T. conophorum) leaf and onion (A. cepa) bulb on the gut morphometry of Clarias gariepinus towards elucidating its mechanism of growth promotion. Twenty Clarias gariepinus juveniles (7.39+/-0.29g/ fish) were allocated to nine treatments, with three replicates each. Nine experimental diets were formulated at 40 percent crude protein representing different level of walnut leaf and onion bulb (0.5 percent, 1.0 percent, 1.5 percent and 2.0 percent) respectively and the control diet was free from walnut leaf and onion bulb and were fed twice daily at 3 percent body weight for 12 weeks. Growth indices like Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Gut morphormetry such as villi length, villi width and cryptal depth were investigated. Data were analyzed using linear regression, descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p= 0.05. Results showed that weight gain and specific growth rate of Clarias gariepinus increased with increasing level of walnut leaf and onion bulb residues. The highest weight gain (53.81+/-5.85), specific growth rate (1.09+/-0.11), feed conversion ratio (2.16+/-0.02) was observed with 1.5 percent inclusions of walnut leaf residue diets. Although, FCR and SGR were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatments, the treated groups had better area of absorption and cryptal depth compared to the control. Treatment with 1.5 percent inclusion of walnut leaf residue recorded highest villi length and villi width and treatment with 1.5 percent inclusion of onion bulb recorded highest cryptal depth (30.00+/-0.00). These results indicate that using walnut leaf and onion bulb as a supplement in plant ­based diets may be useful in improving feed acceptability and growth performance of cultured C. gariepinus fed low cost, plant ­ based diets and it was concluded that walnut (T. conophorum) leaf at 1.5 percent inclusion...

Este estudio fue realizado para evaluar los efectos de la hoja del nogal (T. conophorum) y el bulbo de la cebolla (A. cepa) sobre la morfometría intestinal de Clarias gariepinus con el fin de dilucidar su mecanismo de promoción del crecimiento. Veinte Clarias gariepinus jóvenes (7,39+/-0,29 g/pez) fueron asignadas a nueve tratamientos, con tres repeticiones cada uno. Nueve dietas experimentales se formularon con la proteína cruda al 40 por ciento que representan los diferentes niveles de hoja del nogal y el bulbo de la cebolla (0,5 por ciento, 1,0 por ciento, 1,5 por ciento y 2,0 por ciento), respectivamente, y dieta de control libre de la hoja del nogal y el bulbo de la cebolla, que fueron alimentados dos veces al día en un 3 por ciento del peso corporal durante 12 semanas. Fueron medidos los índices de crecimiento como aumento de peso medio (APM), tasa de crecimiento específico (TCE), consumo de alimento (CA) y el índice de conversión alimeticia (ICA). La morfometría intestinal como longitud de las vellosidades, ancho de las vellosidades y profundidad de las criptas fueron investigados. Los datos fueron analizados mediante regresión lineal, estadística descriptiva y ANOVA con un valos p=0,05. Los resultados mostraron que el aumento de peso y la tasa de crecimiento específico de Clarias gariepinus se elevó al aumentar el nivel de la hoja de nogal y los residuos del bulbo de cebolla. La mayor ganancia de peso (53,81 +/- 5,85), tasa de crecimiento específico (1,09 +/- 0,11), tasa de conversión alimenticia (2,16 +/- 0,02) se observó con inclusiones de 1,5 por ciento de las dietas de residuos de hojas de nogal. Aunque el ICA y TCE no fueron significativamente diferentes (p> 0,05) entre los tratamientos. Los grupos tratados tuvieron una mejor área de absorción y profundidad de las criptas en comparación con el control. El tratamiento con 1,5 por ciento de inclusión de hojas de nogal registró la mayor longitud y ancho de las vellosidades y el tratamiento con 1,5...

Órgãos internos e trato digestório de novilhos superprecoces não castrados ou castrados, de dois grupos genéticos / Internal organs and digestive tract of non-castrated or castrate young steers of two genotypes

Avaliaram-se as características dos órgãos e do trato gastrintestinal de novilhos com duas condições sexuais - castrados e não castrados -, com predomínio genético Charolês ou Nelore com idade e peso médios iniciais de 12 meses e 267kg, respectivamente. Os novilhos foram confinados até o peso de abate médio preestabelecido de 400kg. A dieta alimentar continha relação volumoso:concentrado de 50:50 (base na matéria seca), com 10 por cento de proteína bruta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial de 2x2 (duas condições sexuais x dois predomínios genéticos). Para o peso absoluto do omaso, observou-se interação significativa de genótipo versus condição sexual dos novilhos. Animais não castrados apresentaram maiores pesos absolutos dos rins (0,81 versus 0,66kg), do abomaso (1,20 versus 1,00kg) e dos intestinos, nas diferentes formas de expressão, em comparação aos castrados. Os animais com predomínio Charolês apresentaram maiores pesos absolutos do omaso (4,24 versus 3,46kg), dos intestinos (8,18 versus 6,84kg) e do total do trato digestório (16,88 versus 14,90kg) em relação aos animais com predominância Nelore. Não houve correlação entre o rendimento de carcaça e os componentes não integrantes da carcaça.

The characteristics of non-integrant parts of carcass of steers with two sexual conditions - castrated and non-castrated - with Charolais or Nellore genetic predominance were evaluated. The average age and inicial weight were 12 months old and 267kg, respectively. The steers were feedlot finished until slaughter weight of 400kg. The experimental diet was formulated in a roughage:concentrate ratio 50:50 (dry matter basis), with 10 percent crude protein. A completely randomized experimental design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (two sexual conditions and two genetic groups) was used. Significant interaction between genotypes and sexual conditions of steers was observed for the omasum absolute weight. The non-castrated animals showed heavier kidneys (0.81 versus 0.66kg) and abomasums (1.20 versus 1.00kg) and intestines in comparisson to castrated animals. Genotypes with Charolais predominance showed heavier omasums (4.24 versus 3.46kg), intestines (8.18 versus 6.84kg), and the total digestive tract (16.88 versus 14.90kg) in relation to animals with Nellore predominance. No significant correlation between carcass dressing percentage and non-integrant parts of carcass was observed.

IgG binding and expression of its receptor in rat intestine during postnatal development.

The binding of 125I labelled IgG to the microvillus membranes (MVM) has been studied during postnatal development of rat intestine. The levels of mRNA encoding IgG receptor were also analyzed by liquid hybridization under these conditions. The IgG binding to MVM reached maximum levels by day 12 and showed a gradual decline upon weaning. The FcRn mRNA was markedly low in adult rats and was maximum during second week of postnatal development. Administration of cortisone or thyroxine to suckling rats, induced precocious decline of both IgG binding and the receptor expression. However, insulin administration did not affect the receptor expression. Scatchard analysis of IgG binding to MVM in cortisone injected pups revealed that the observed inhibition in IgG binding was a consequence of a decrease, both in the affinity constant (-Ka) as well as in the number of receptor sites (n) while thyroxine administration caused a reduction in the number of receptor sites from 2.29 in control to 1.14 nmoles/mg protein in thyroxine injected pups. These observations indicate that expression of IgG receptor during postnatal development is a hormone regulated process.