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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(10): 649-653, Oct. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973922

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyze the long-term recurrence rate in patients with a first-ever ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in a Brazilian population. Methods: All stroke patients admitted to the hospital between October 2012 and September 2015 were evaluated. The stroke mechanism subtypes were classified as cardioembolism, LAA, small-vessel occlusion, other determined etiologies, and stroke of undetermined etiology. Results: The 359 first-ever ischemic stroke patients were followed up for a mean time of 21.6 ± 15.1 months. The LAA intracranial (38.9%) and extracranial (24.6%) stroke patients presented with a higher stroke recurrence. Intracranial LAA [HR, 10.2 (3.6-29.1); p < 0.001] and extracranial LAA [HR, 5.05 (1.79-14.2); p = 0.002] were the only conditions to show positive correlation with the recurrence rate, after adjusting for risk factors, thrombolysis, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission. Conclusion: Intracranial LAA presents a higher incidence of recurrence of ischemic stroke when compared with other etiologies in a Southern Brazilian population.


RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a taxa de recorrência a longo prazo em pacientes com o primeiro AVCi secundário à aterosclerose de grande artéria intracraniana em uma amostra brasileira. Métodos: Pacientes admitidos entre outubro de 2012 e setembro de 2015 foram analisados. Os subtipos do mecanismo de AVC foram classificados como cardioembolismo, aterosclerose de grandes artérias, oclusão de pequenos vasos, outras etiologias determinadas e AVCi de causa indeterminada. Resultados: Foram avaliados 359 pacientes com primeiro AVCi. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 21,6 ± 15,1 meses. A aterosclerose de grande artéria, intracraniana (38,9%) e extracraniana (24,6%), apresentou a maior taxa de recorrência. A aterosclerose de grande artéria intracraniana [HR, 10,2 (3,6-29,1); p < 0,001] e extracraniana [HR, 5,05 (1,79-14,2); p = 0,002] demonstraram correlação positiva com a taxa de recorrência, após o ajuste para fatores de risco, trombólise e gravidade dos sintomas na admissão. Conclusão: A aterosclerose de grande artéria, tanto intracraniana como extracraniana, apresenta maior recorrência comparado aos outros mecanismos de AVCi em uma amostra do Sul do Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Stroke/etiology , Recurrence , Brazil/epidemiology , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology , Incidence , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/physiopathology , Stroke/epidemiology
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(8): 684-691, Aug. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976848

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral atherosclerosis is the main cause of lesions that contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia, followed by arteriosclerosis of small vessels and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The purpose of this study was to compare the post-mortem radiological alterations of autopsied adults with the macroscopic alterations in the posterior region of these brains in order to establish a relationship between the two forms of analysis and to discuss the relevance of the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with encephalic atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen brains were analysed macroscopically to assess the degree of atherosclerosis of the basilar and the posterior cerebral arteries. The patients were autopsied in the Subject of General Pathology at General Hospital of Triângulo Mineiro Federal University in Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualitative analysis of atherosclerosis was performed with classification into mild, moderate or severe. In the posterior region of the brains, width of sulcus and thickness of gyrus were measured by macroscopic analysis and by tomographic analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There was a decrease in calcarine sulcus width and an increase in medial temporal occipital gyrus thickness in patients with a higher degree of atherosclerosis, macroscopically and in tomography, respectively. Low oxygenation caused by atherosclerosis probably leads to an encephalic parenchyma inflammation that causes microglial cells hypertrophy provoking increase in the gyrus thickness and decrease in the sulcus width, as observed in the present study.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO A aterosclerose cerebral é a principal causa de lesões que contribuem para o comprometimento cognitivo vascular (CCV) e demência vascular, seguida da arteriosclerose de pequenos vasos e da angiopatia amiloide cerebral. Sendo assim, este estudo comparou as alterações radiológicas post mortem de adultos autopsiados com as alterações macroscópicas na região posterior desses encéfalos a fim de estabelecer uma relação entre as duas formas de análise e discutir sobre a relevância da prevenção do CCV em pacientes com aterosclerose encefálica. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Treze encéfalos foram analisados macroscopicamente para avaliar o grau de aterosclerose das artérias basilar e cerebral posterior. Os pacientes foram autopsiados na disciplina de Patologia Geral no HC-UFTM em Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A análise qualitativa da aterosclerose foi realizada com as classificações discreta, moderada ou acentuada. A espessura dos giros e a largura dos sulcos na região posterior dos encéfalos foram analisadas macroscopicamente e por tomografia computadorizada. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO Houve diminuição na largura do sulco calcarino e aumento na espessura do giro occipital temporal medial de acordo com o aumento do grau de aterosclerose macroscopicamente e por tomografia, respectivamente. A baixa oxigenação causada pela aterosclerose provoca a inflamação do parênquima encefálico, provavelmente levando à hipertrofia das células da micróglia e ao consequente aumento dos giros e estreitamento dos sulcos, como observado no presente estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Temporal Lobe/pathology , Dementia, Vascular/prevention & control , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Occipital Lobe/pathology , Reference Values , Temporal Lobe/diagnostic imaging , Severity of Illness Index , Dementia, Vascular/etiology , Dementia, Vascular/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology , Occipital Lobe/diagnostic imaging
3.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 1178-1184, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-34046

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical and morphological characteristics in relation to risk of bifurcation intracranial aneurysm rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 202 consecutive patients with 219 bifurcation aneurysms (129 ruptured and 90 unruptured) managed at the authors' facility between August 2011 and July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on their clinical records and CT angiographic findings, the ability of risk factors to predict aneurysm rupture was assessed using statistical methods. RESULTS: Age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cerebral atherosclerosis were negatively correlated with aneurysm rupture. Aneurysms located in the middle cerebral artery, daughter artery ratio, lateral angle ratio (LA ratio), and neck width were negatively correlated with rupture. Aneurysms located in the anterior communicating artery, irregularity, with daughter sac, depth, width, maximum size, aspect ratio (AR), depth-to-width ratio, and bottleneck factor were significantly and positively correlated with rupture. Binary logistic regression model revealed that irregular shape [odds ratio (OR) 6.598] and AR (OR 3.507) strongly increased the risk of bifurcation aneurysm rupture, while age (OR 0.434), cerebral atherosclerosis (OR 0.125), neck width (OR 0.771), and LA ratio (OR 0.267) were negatively correlated with rupture (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the threshold values of AR and LA ratio to be 1.18 and 1.50, respectively. CONCLUSION: Age (≥60 yr), cerebral atherosclerosis, and aneurysms with a larger neck width and larger LA ratio are protective factors against bifurcation aneurysm rupture. An aneurysm with an irregular shape and an increased AR reflect the greater likelihood of a rupture.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography , Developmental Disabilities , Diabetic Angiopathies/complications , Hypertension/complications , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Logistic Models , Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Odds Ratio , Protective Factors , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(5): 408-414, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746490

ABSTRACT

Objective The potential of computed tomography angiography (CTA) was assessed for early determination of stroke subtypes in a Brazilian cohort of patients with stroke. Method From July 2011 to July 2013, we selected patients with suspected hyperacute stroke (< 6 hours). Intracranial and cervical arteries were scrutinized on CTA and their imaging features were correlated with concurrent subtype of stroke. Results Stroke was documented in 50/106 selected patients (47.2%) based on both clinical grounds and imaging follow-up (stroke group), with statistically significant arterial stenosis and vulnerable plaques on CTA. Intracranial large artery disease was demonstrated in 34% of patients in the stroke group. Partial territorial infarct prevailed (86%) while artery-to-artery embolization was the most common stroke mechanism (52%). Conclusion Multidetector CTA was useful for the etiologic work-up of hyperacute ischemic stroke and facilitated the knowledge about the topographic pattern of brain infarct in accordance with its causative mechanism. .


Objetivo Avaliar o potencial da angiotomografia computadorizada multidetectores (ATCM) na determinação etiológica precoce do acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) e correlacionar o mecanismo causal com o padrão de infarto. Método De Julho de 2011 a Julho de 2013, foram selecionados os pacientes com suspeita clínica de AVE hiperagudo. Os achados da ATCM dos vasos intracranianos e cervicais foram correlacionados com a etiologia final do evento. Resultados AVE foi confirmado em 50/106 pacientes (47,2%). Estes apresentaram alterações angiográficas estatisticamente mais relevantes. Aterosclerose dos grandes vasos intracranianos esteve presente em 34% destes pacientes. O padrão radiológico topográfico de infarto mais comum foi o infarto territorial parcial (86%). A embolização arterio-arterial foi o mecanismo mais prevalente (52%). Conclusão A utilização da ATCM traz benefícios na detecção etiológica precoce dos pacientes com suspeita de AVE hiperagudo, além de possibilitar o entendimento do padrão radiológico topográfico de acordo com o mecanismo causal do evento isquêmico. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Infarction/etiology , Brain Infarction , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Brain Ischemia , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Acute Disease , Brazil , Brain Infarction/pathology , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Early Diagnosis , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(11): 846-851, 1jan. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691308

ABSTRACT

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and ischemic stroke is one of its most common and devastating manifestations. Proinflammatory cytokines play a key role in the progression of the irreversible ischemic lesions. The presence of anti-inflammatory mediators may prevent secondary ischemic injury. Objectives 1) To assess the relationship between stroke severity and the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-10; and 2) To analyze the neurological outcome after 72 h of ischemic stroke onset and expression of interleukins. Method We measured the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-10 in 26 patients with acute stroke. Neurological impairment was scored using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale within the first 72 h after stroke onset. Thirty healthy subjects were analyzed as controls. Results Patients with IL-10 <925.0 pg/mL presented with neurological deterioration within the first 72 h. Conclusion IL-10 may protect against ischemic injury during the acute phase of stroke. .


Aterosclerose é considerada um doença inflamatória e o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico uma de suas principais manifestações. Citocinas pró-inflamatórias exercem importante função na progressão para uma lesão isquêmica irreversível. A presença de mediadores anti-inflamatórios age prevenindo a lesão isquêmica secundária. Objetivos 1) Avaliar a relação entre gravidade do AVC e níveis de IL-1β, IL-2 e IL-10; 2) Avaliar a relação entre prognóstico neurológico nas primeiras 72 horas do AVC e o nível destas citocinas. Método Mensuramos os níveis de IL-1β, IL-2 e IL-10 de 26 pacientes com AVC isquêmico. O comprometimento neurológico foi avaliado através da escala do National Institute of Health nas primeiras 72 horas do AVC. Trinta indivíduos saudáveis foram usados como controles. Resultados Pacientes com IL-10 <925,0 pg/mL apresentaram deterioração neurológica nas primeiras 72 horas após o início do AVC. Conclusão IL-10 pode apresentar um efeito protetor contra a progresso da lesão isquêmica durante a fase aguda do AVC. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Ischemia/prevention & control , Interleukin-1beta/blood , /blood , /blood , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/blood , Stroke/blood , Case-Control Studies , Disease Progression , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke/etiology , Time Factors
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(5): 320-326, maio 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674215

ABSTRACT

Coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke are frequent coexistent conditions that share risk factors and pose major burdens to global health. Even though a clear relation has been established between extracranial internal carotid artery atherosclerosis and symptomatic or asymptomatic coronary heart disease, there is a gap in knowledge about the association between intracranial atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Intracranial atherosclerosis is associated with high risks of stroke recurrence and vascular death. More research and clinical trials are needed to answer whether early diagnosis of asymptomatic coronary heart disease and aggressive treatment can decrease the risk of vascular death in patients with ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerosis.


A doença coronária e o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico são condições frequentemente associadas, que compartilham fatores de risco e representam grande sobrecarga à saúde mundial. Embora seja claramente reconhecida a relação entre a doença coronária sintomática ou assintomática e a aterosclerose da artéria carótida interna em sua porção extracraniana, há uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre a associação entre doença coronária e aterosclerose intracraniana, que por sua vez é associada a alto risco de recorrência de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e de morte por causas vasculares. é necessário avaliar se o diagnóstico precoce da doença coronária assintomática e seu tratamento agressivo podem diminuir o risco de morte por causas vasculares em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico ocasionado por aterosclerose intracraniana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Disease/etiology , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Stroke/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Stroke/diagnosis
8.
Rev. mex. angiol ; 22(1): 4-8, ene.-mar. 1994. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-143016

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad vascular cerebral es uno de los mayores problemas de salud que provoca incapacidad y muerte. Se calcula que el 75 por ciento de los pacientes con síndrome isquemia-infarto tienen una lesión obstructiva quirúrgicamente accesible. Se estudiaron 60 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad carotídea. Fueron sometidos a ultrasonido Doppler dúplex y arteriografía de carótida primitiva, interna y externa. Se observó que la sensibilidad para el ultrasonido Doppler dúplex de carótida primitiva, carótida interna y carótida externa es de 40-49 por ciento con una clasificación correcta del 94 por ciento. Se demuestra que el ultrasonido Doppler dúplex es suficiente sensible para descartar el diagnóstico y de esta manera al enfermo un procedimiento invasivo en un 84 por ciento. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la utilidad del ultrasonido Doppler dúplex como estudio de selección de pacientes candidatos a arteriográfico


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Ultrasonics , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Cerebral Infarction , Ultrasonography , Ultrasonography , Carotid Arteries , Carotid Arteries , Angiography , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis , Cerebrum/blood supply
9.
Rev. angiol. cir. vasc ; 1(3): 81-96, jul.-set. 1992. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-141169

ABSTRACT

Dentre 21 pacientes portadores de aneurismas da aorta abdominal infra-renal, operados eletivamente no período de janeiro de 1990 a março de 1991, tendo ocorrido um óbito (4,7 por cento), o autor selecionou seis casos, devido a aspectos especiais e complicaçöes - microembolia periférica, correçäo através de remendo da parede aórtica, esquistosomose, reimplante da artéria mesentérica inferior, enterorragia, hemorragia abdominal, fístula digestiva e trombose do enxerto - relatando-os e discutindo-os com base na literatura


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Elective Surgical Procedures , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis , Embolism/complications , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications
11.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 42(4): 137-40, abr. 1985. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-29799

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se o fluxo cerebral hemisférico completo e a cintigrafia cerebral em vinte (20) indivíduos, antes e após o uso da associaçäo piracetam com diidroergotoxina. Os indivíduos tratados eram portadores de aterosclerose cerebral e/ou de seqüelas estabilizadas de acidentes vasculares cerebrais. As cintigrafias cerebrais näo mostraram acúmulos anômalos do traçador radioativo em nenhuma ocasiäo. As velocidades circulatórias de ambos os hemisférios cerebrais diminuíram significativamente, provavelmente em razäo dos efeitos metabólicos cerebrais de ambos os fármacos, como também pela açäo simpaticolítica alfa e moduladora da circulaçäo cerebral proporcionada pela diidroergotoxina


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Cerebral Arteries , Dihydroergotoxine/pharmacology , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Piracetam/pharmacology
12.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1976 Oct-Dec; 20(4): 216-20
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-108987

ABSTRACT

The hypotensive drug alphamethyldopa, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, caused significant hypothermia ranging from 33.4 to 34.8 degrees C (t=3.09 at P less than 0.05) in four out of nine hypertensive patients, with evidence of cerebral atherosclerosis. The anti-serotonin effect of alphamethyldopa correlated with statistically significant (t=6.8 at P less than 0.001) fall in the 24 hour urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid on the third day of the therapy. The possible mode of hypothermic side effect is discussed.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/urine , Hypertension/complications , Hypothermia/chemically induced , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Male , Methyldopa/adverse effects , Middle Aged
14.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 1972 Dec; 20(4): 181-2
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-70039
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